What are the three parts of the Red Cross Movement?
1, International Committee of the Red Cross
The International Committee of the Red Cross is a private humanitarian organization founded by Henry Dunant in 1863. The Committee has a total of 25 members, and international humanitarian law gives the organization unique power to protect the lives and dignity of victims of international and domestic armed conflicts.
2. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was established in 19 19, and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in 89 countries within the movement. Internationally, the Federation cooperates closely with the Red Cross Societies of various countries, and is responsible for leading and organizing rescue work in response to large-scale emergencies. The secretariat of the International Federation is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
3. National Red Cross or Red Crescent Society
Almost all countries in the world have their own national Red Cross or Red Crescent Society. At present, a total of 65,438+090 national associations have been recognized by the International Committee of the Red Cross and accepted as full members of the Federation. According to the principles of international humanitarian law and the Constitution of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, associations in each country operate in their own countries. According to their specific conditions and capabilities, some national associations may undertake some humanitarian work that is not directly defined by international humanitarian law or sports responsibilities. In many countries, the National Red Cross Society is closely related to the national health system by providing emergency medical services.
The origin of the red cross movement
The Red Cross Movement originated from battlefield rescue. 1859 On June 24th, more than 300,000 Austrian troops and French-Sardinian coalition forces fought fiercely in Solferino, a village in Lombardy province in northern Italy. Due to the lack of medical care, soldiers suffered heavy casualties, and about 40 thousand injured and endangered people were abandoned on the battlefield.
On June 25th, Mr Henry Dunant, who was engaged in private business activities all over Europe, passed by and was shocked by this tragic scene. He immediately decided to put aside his personal career and devote himself to battlefield rescue. Immediately after his return to Geneva, he wrote a memoir of Saul Ferino, which aroused strong repercussions in European countries. In his book, he made two important suggestions:
First of all, establish national voluntary wounded rescue organizations in various countries, practice rescue skills in peacetime and reinforce military medical work in wartime.
The second is to sign an international convention to give national military medical personnel and medical institutions and voluntary wounded rescue organizations a neutral position.
His suggestion was appreciated and supported by Mo Vanie, General dufour, Dr Appiah and Dr Monova, presidents of Geneva Public Welfare Association. 1February 9, 863, the five of them announced the establishment of the International Committee for the Rescue of the Wounded in Geneva, Switzerland, and changed its name to the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1875.
1863101On October 26th, the Geneva International Conference was held. 10 year1On October 29th, the meeting adopted the resolution 10. The main contents of the resolution include two important suggestions put forward by Mr Henry Dunant in Solferino's memoirs, and the adoption of the red cross armband with a white background as a protective symbol for ambulance personnel. 1On March 8th, 864, in the battle of Zlesuyige between Prussia and Denmark, for the first time, rescuers wearing red cross armbands appeared on the battlefield to provide humanitarian services.
1864 August 8-22, held a diplomatic conference in Geneva. On August 22nd, the official representatives of 12 participating countries signed the first Geneva Convention-Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Situation of the Wounded in the Battlefield. The Convention stipulates that ambulances, military hospitals and medical personnel, including volunteers and priests, should be regarded as neutral, protected and respected; Put forward the important principle that "wounded or sick combatants, regardless of their nationality, should be taken in and protected"; Announce the flag and armband of the Red Cross sign on a white background to distinguish military hospitals from medical personnel. Finally, the Convention calls on all governments to ratify and accede to it.
Since then, the Red Cross movement has developed as an international movement and has been guaranteed by international law.