1. Albert II (1438-1439), served as Archduke of Austria, King of Germany, King of Bohemia and King of Hungary. He was Albert II, the great-grandson of Albert I of the Habsburg family, and the son of Archduke Albert IV of Austria, whose wife was Sigismund's daughter Elisabeth. After Sigismund's death, he was proclaimed King of Hungary in 1438 and was elected King of Germany in the same year.

2. Frederick III (1439-1493), served as Archduke of Austria, Duke of Styria, Duke of Carinthia, Duke of Carniola, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor. He was the son of Ernest, Duke of Styria, Linthia and Carniola, great-grandson of Albert I, and cousin of Albert II. He was elected King of Germany in 1439. In 1452, he was crowned emperor by Pope Nicholas V in Rome and was the last German emperor to be crowned by a pope. In 1477, his son Maximilian married Mary, the daughter of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. As a result, Austria acquired a large territory of Burgundy in the Netherlands and became a European power in one fell swoop. The Habsburg dynasty then unified almost all of Western Europe through marriage, which led to the birth of a famous saying: "Let others start the war. Just enjoy your marriage with Austria."

3. Maximilian I (1493-1519), who served as Archduke of Austria, Duke of Styria, Duke of Carinthia, Duke of Carniola, Count of Burgundy, Count of Tyrol, King of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire emperor. He was the son of Frederick III. After the death of his wife Mary, Duke of Burgundy, in 1482, France invaded Burgundy and merged most of the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy in southeastern France, but Maximilian acquired Burgundy. The east (called the County of Burgundy), the territory of the County of the Netherlands. In 1490, he acquired the Tyrolean lands of his cousin Sigismund, of the Tyrolean branch of the House of Habsburg. In 1486, he was elected King of Germany (co-ruling with his father ***). In 1508, with the consent of the Pope, Maximilian was crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

4. Charles V (1519-1558), the eldest grandson of Maximilian I. He may be the monarch with the most titles in European history, and most of his titles are the result of Habsburg marriages. Let me summarize these results here:

Maximilian's The eldest son, Philip I, Duke of Burgundy, married Queen Isabella of Castile and Juana, the only daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon. After Philip I's death, Charles V inherited the Duke of Burgundy in 1506. title, and acquired territories in present-day Belgium and the Netherlands. In 1516, he inherited his maternal grandfather Ferdinand II's titles of King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, ??King of Valencia, King of Naples, and King of Sicily. In the same year, he inherited the title of King of Castile from his mother Juana. In 1519, Maximilian I died, and Charles V was elected King of Germany and succeeded his grandfather's Archduke of Austria, Duke of Styria, Duke of Carinthia, Duke of Carniola, and Count of Tyrol title. In 1520, he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor. The reign of Charles V was the most prosperous period of the Habsburg dynasty, but at the same time there were constant internal and external troubles. During his reign, Martin Luther's Protestant Revolution, which broke out in Germany, swept across Europe and won legal status. From 1521 to 1553, Charles V and French King Francois I fought five large-scale wars for Spanish territories in Italy, ultimately ensuring Spanish rule in Italy. Suleiman the Great of the Ottoman Empire conquered Hungary in 1526, and King Louis II of Hungary was defeated and died. In 1529 and 1533, Suleiman the Great attacked Vienna twice, and Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria, brother of Charles V, had to fight against the Ottoman Empire. Become a vassal. Since then, the Habsburg dynasty has always been under the threat of the Ottoman Empire. It was not until the Naval Battle of Lepanto in 1571 that Charles V's illegitimate son John finally defeated the Turks and relieved the threat of the Ottoman Empire.

5. Ferdinand I (1558-1564), served as Archduke of Austria, Duke of Styria, Duke of Carinthia, Duke of Carniola, Count of Tyrol, King of Germany, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the second son of Queen Juana of Castile and Philip, son of Maximilian I.