However, China, as the main participant in the world anti-fascism and the country with the greatest sacrifice in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, did not send troops to set foot on Japanese territory. What is the reason?
First of all, from China's own point of view, Chiang Kai-shek's government has always adhered to its consistent policy of shutting the country out.
It has never changed during the whole period when it ruled the mainland. Jiang himself and his main aides, Zhang Qun and Dai, agreed on the issue of Japan, and they always compromised and indulged in Japan, which led to the outbreak of the September 18th Incident. In Jiang's view, the * * * production party is his biggest threat and the first object to be removed. Only later, when the Japanese invaders pushed their luck, Chiang was forced to accept China's idea of an anti-Japanese national united front under the dilemma of the incident.
However, Chiang Kai-shek still did not give up the anti-* * policy during the eight-year anti-Japanese war, as evidenced by the Southern Anhui Incident. Internal troubles and foreign invasion led Jiang to concentrate only on domestic political struggles and have no interest in external affairs. As early as the evening of 1943,165438+123, when American President Roosevelt held talks with Chiang Kai-shek in Cairo, he had already verbally discussed the Japanese government's occupation of China after the war.
Roosevelt proposed to Chiang Kai-shek that China should occupy Japan after the war, but Chiang Kai-shek declined. Jiang replied that China is not ready to undertake this important task at present, and he asked the United States to take the lead. However, China can play a supporting role when necessary. He also said that this matter needs to be decided according to the development of the future situation. These remarks reflect that Chiang Kai-shek is neither willing to take part in leading the occupation of Japan nor dare to offend the United States. Fighting against Japan still depends on the United States, so he didn't say anything.
But this reveals a message: Chiang Kai-shek has always held a negative attitude towards this matter. After the war, China's * * * production party, which Chiang Kai-shek has always regarded as a menace, has not been eliminated or weakened in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, but has grown stronger and stronger. By September 1945, China * * had regular troops1270,000, militia 2.68 million, party member1200,000, liberated areas 19, and population1200 million. Faced with such a situation, only concentrating on dealing with the * * * production party is its primary task.
Secondly, from the external environment, great changes have taken place in the international situation when Japan was defeated.
It is true that Roosevelt once said the above words, but for a reason, because at that time he had imagined China as a base for attacking the Japanese. 1943 In February, Roosevelt announced that he had no intention of spending a long time slowly attacking island by island in the vast Pacific Ocean. He estimated that if you March from the south, you can only capture one island every month, and it will take about 50 years to reach Japan.
For a powerful US air force, Chinese mainland is more effective as a base than as a sea-based base. In other words, the United States needs China's strong support to defeat the Japanese at the least cost. This shows that the United States overestimated the difficulty of fighting against Japan at that time. Since China's assistance is indispensable, it is necessary to make some kind returns to China. However, with the sudden death of Roosevelt in April 1945 and the hasty appointment of Vice President Truman, American policymakers have changed hands. It is true that the foreign policy of the United States at this time will be different from that of its predecessor.
However, it would be too bookish to blame the death of Roosevelt for China's failure to dominate the occupation of Japan and feel deeply sorry for it. As a head of state, the first consideration is the national interests of his own country. Even President Roosevelt, who was regarded as quite friendly to China, made the internationalization of Dalian commercial port as the condition for the Soviet Union to participate in the war in the Yalta Agreement, and reached a deal with the Soviet Union to maintain the status quo of Outer Mongolia and ensure the Soviet Union's superior rights.
In fact, the situation in the Pacific battlefield is much smoother than originally estimated, and China's role is relatively reduced. Moreover, Roosevelt's so-called leadership occupation of Japan against Chiang Kai-shek was only a verbal promise, not a written treaty or agreement. In international relations, when treaties and agreements are still full of variables, it is obviously unnecessary to take such verbal commitments seriously. More importantly, the conflict of interests between the United States and the Soviet Union deepened after the war. On the road of cooperation against Germany and Japan, the United States and the Soviet Union can still fight side by side and carry forward the spirit of internationalism out of the need of common interests.
Once the enemy of * * * disappears, the contradiction between the United States and the Soviet Union will be hard to hide. First of all, regarding the occupation of Germany, the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France occupied different parts of Berlin and Germany. Due to ideological opposition and competition for interests, Germany will be divided in the future, which has been plaguing Europe. Therefore, the successor President Truman said that we should put Japan under the control of the American commander representing the allies. I believe that the occupation of Japan cannot repeat the mistakes of Germany.
I don't want to divide the control area or the occupied area. I don't want to give the Russians any chance to act like they did in Germany and Austria. America has made up its mind to occupy Japan alone. At this time, it was impossible for China to dominate Japanese affairs. 1on August 3, 945, Truman appointed MacArthur as the supreme commander of the allied forces, with full authority to handle the occupation of Japan. On August 30th and September 6th, 460,000 American troops successively entered Japan in the name of the Allied Forces and occupied Japan alone. At this point, the overall situation has been decided.
These factors led Chiang Kai-shek to be more passive in sending troops to Japan. Obviously, at best, China is only a small role under the leadership of the United States to assist the military occupation of the United States, and it is bound to be controlled by others. Like New Zealand, India and Australia in the Commonwealth, there is no practical benefit. Chiang Kai-shek is well aware of this. Therefore, when the United States first asked China to send 10 army divisions and a certain number of air forces (totaling about 65,438+10,000 people), Chiang immediately agreed, but reduced the number to three army divisions.
Then, the United States proposed that China should send at least 50,000 troops. Jiang continued to bargain with the United States on the grounds that China suffered too much losses in the Anti-Japanese War and its logistics supply was difficult. Finally, the two sides reached an agreement to send only 1 division. In this way, the number of troops stationed has been reduced from 654.38+10,000 originally envisaged by the US to 654.38+10,000. The US side's consideration is to let China send as many troops as possible, so as to reduce the burden on the US military without affecting its monopoly on Japan.
After World War II, hundreds of thousands of American troops stationed in anxious to return, however, their desire to return to China and reunite with their families has been delayed. Therefore, the morale of the army began to rise. 1946+ 10 In October, the US military stationed in the Pacific held a large-scale rally, demanding to return to China as soon as possible. The next day, President Truman had to be appeased to stabilize the army. If Chiang Kai-shek sends a larger number of troops instead of American troops, it will obviously greatly reduce the military pressure faced by the US government.
On the other hand, China's consideration is that since the end of the Anti-Japanese War, the domestic situation has become more and more severe, and the ratio of the state to the armed forces of * * * has dropped from 18.88: 1 to 4.5: 1, and the advantage of the number of Kuomintang troops is decreasing. Since we want to continue to suppress * * *, with Chiang Kai-shek's past experience, there is no absolute quantitative advantage, and it is difficult to achieve the goals he set. Faced with this situation, it really made Chiang Kai-shek reluctant to send troops to participate in such a symbolic occupation.
So when the 67th Division was annihilated, Chiang Kai-shek used the reason that the civil war was too tight to send troops to gain the understanding and sympathy of the United States. Later, the facts also showed that the successive failures of the Kuomintang in the civil war led the United States to lose confidence in Chiang Kai-shek, and no longer expected the Kuomintang government to make a difference in Japan and as an agent of the United States in Asia. In this way, the two sides gradually reached a tacit understanding and understood each other. It was not until 1946 1 1.5 that the Kuomintang government formally proposed to the United States to terminate its plan to send troops to Japan. At this point, China's invasion of Japan came to nothing.
Thus, a unified and self-reliant China is the foundation of standing among the nations of the world. Poor countries and weak countries have no diplomacy, and the principle of "self-interest" is an unchangeable law in international relations. After all, we still have to rely on ourselves. The world believes in "strength"; A divided country can only arouse the desire of other countries to "peep" and bring disaster to itself. Unfortunately, China's army failed to set foot on Japanese territory, which is a national shame. But more importantly, taking this as a mirror and taking a good road to the future is the significance of reviewing this past.
Master Yan Fang said: of course, look at me, how awesome?
Jin Yong and Gu Long, two old gentlemen, draw a vivid outline of the martial arts world with a pen as a sword, which is fascinating and desirable.
Unfortunately, time is cruel and life is impermanent. Gulong, the prodigal son, traveled westward with wine, and Jin Yong, the great hero, left the world.
Since then, there has been no "sun and moon" in the Jianghu, leaving only as many martial arts fans as the stars, guarding the martial arts world of poetry, wine and mountains. As the balance of human civilization tends to be peaceful and laws and regulations become more and more perfect, China people's demand for "martial arts" has been diluted, and some people who worship foreign things and flatter foreign countries have read several martial arts novels and began to doubt the authenticity and actual combat ability of "China Wushu". China has been a country of martial arts since ancient times, and the actual combat ability of the ancients is beyond doubt!
Take Chunqiu as an example. During the Spring and Autumn Period, a hundred schools of thought contended, and there was a reputation that "everyone in the world came from a hundred schools of thought". Confucianism: Confucius was an all-rounder in history. Confucius asked his disciples to master six arts, including "riding and shooting". Confucius famously said, "To fight without teaching the people is to abandon the people", which means that to fight with untrained people is to sacrifice one's life in vain. Confucius believes that "training the people" is more important than training troops, and the concept of making the people rich and the country strong has implemented ancient ideology and culture.
Mohist school: The real Mohist school in history is the school of both civil and military. Mohism is divided into two schools, the cultural school and the martial arts school. The cultural school studies astronomy, geography and agricultural philosophy. Martial arts schools learn fencing, riding and shooting to protect people.
Nongjiale: Xu Xing, the representative of Nongjiale, believes that the foundation of a country lies in its strong military strength.
Xu Xing stipulates that all farm disciples should practice martial arts, so that farmers can stand up and protect their homes when the country is in danger. ? Taoism: Needless to say, Taoist Kung Fu, fencing, boxing, internal and external skills ... are all cultural treasures of China, and Zhuangzi, the representative of Taoism, is a swordsman in history.
The Tang Dynasty, known as the "prosperous Tang Dynasty", is even more "respecting martial arts"! People may have neglected the "martial arts culture" of the Tang Dynasty because of its poetry and song culture. The Tang Dynasty was a dynasty that advocated "martial arts for all".
Most poets in the Tang Dynasty knew martial arts with both hands. Li Bai is proficient in fencing, Du Fu is good at riding and shooting, Chen Ziang is good at boxing, Wang Zhihuan advocates chivalry, and Li Jie is good at riding and shooting. He, Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Cen are also called "the four frontier poets". In their eyes, boxing and sword dancing are just "idle things"!
If we put today's young adults in the Tang Dynasty, even poets in their forties may not be able to beat them!
Unfortunately, the emperor of the Song Dynasty valued literature over martial arts, and the people of the Ming Dynasty were content with pleasure. Although China Wushu showed signs of revival in the Qing Dynasty, it was no longer the grand occasion of that year. ...
What is the most tearful thing in the world? It's "The Hero Will Die" ...
What is the most irritating thing in the world? It is "the worm is in power"!
China Wushu, like an old general who has fought many battles, is now in his twilight years, and should be suspected and laughed at by some yellow-mouthed children who worship foreign things and flatter foreign countries! It really hurts!
Since ancient times, China has been a country that worships martial arts and has produced many heroes. In fact, the decline of China Wushu is just a microcosm of China traditional culture being ignored by modern people.
In today's "busy" society, how many people are willing to study China Wushu in a down-to-earth manner? Some are Yan Fang, Gaga and other "masters", grandstanding, ridiculous and shameful!
How many people in China are willing to learn Confucian culture? Traditional culture? This is the sorrow of China's martial arts culture, and it is also the sorrow of you and me in China.