1. Ji Dan's "Book of Commandments to Birds"

The author was Zhou Gongdan (about 1100 BC), whose surname was Ji and his first name was Dan, and he was called Duke of Zhou.

According to legend, he made rituals and music, established regulations and systems, and was revered as the founder of Confucianism.

After King Zhou Cheng came to power, he granted the land of Lu to Bo Qin, the son of Duke Zhou.

Therefore, if there is no great reason for the old, then it will not be abandoned. There is no need to prepare for one person.

A gentleman is as strong as an ox, but does not compete with the ox for its strength; as walking as a horse, he does not compete with the horse; as wise as a scholar, he does not compete with the scholar for his wisdom.

Those whose virtues are vast and respectful will be honored; those who are wise and wise but foolish will be benefited.

Translation:

If a relative or old friend has not done anything serious, do not abandon him or her.

Don’t blame someone for everything.

Even if a virtuous person is as strong as an ox, he will not compete with the size of an ox; even if he gallops like a horse, he will not compete with the speed of a horse; even if he is as wise as a scholar, he will not compete with the speed of a horse. Will compete with scholars for intelligence.

If you are a virtuous person who treats yourself with a humble attitude, you will be honored; if you are smart and wise but use a foolish attitude to deal with the world, you will benefit a lot.

Appreciation:

"Jie Bo Qin Shu" talks about the virtue of modesty and prudence.

Even if you are the emperor, you are rich all over the world because you follow these moral qualities.

Ignorance of humility leads to death and national mourning. Jie and Zhou are such examples.

How can you not be cautious?"

More questions and answers on the 11 famous 20 famous family rules in Chinese history? Follow-up

2 , Confucius' family precepts

If you don't learn poetry, you can't speak; if you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand.

Translation:

The meaning of this sentence is very clear.

One day Confucius was standing in the courtyard, and his son Kong Li "walked across the court", that is, walking quickly in small steps

When walking in front of superiors and elders, you should "walk across the court." ", lowered his head, and walked quickly like this, this is called "trend".

Then Kong Li saw his father Confucius standing in the courtyard, so he lowered his head and "trend", Confucius said, "Stop, Have you studied poetry? "No.

"How can you speak if you don't learn poetry?" - How can you speak if you don't learn poetry?

Another day, Confucius was standing in the courtyard again, and Confucius "passed by" again "Ting", Confucius said, "Stop, have you learned the etiquette?" ""Not yet."

"How can you stand up if you don't learn etiquette?" How can you be a human being if you don't learn etiquette?

Appreciation:

This story is called "Guo Tingyu" ", also called "court training".

Later, according to this story, the father's education to his son was called "court training" in ancient times.

Learning poetry and etiquette, what is said Reading and doing things are two very important issues in life.

3. Liu Bang's "Edict to the Prince"

I was in troubled times and the Qin Dynasty banned learning, so I was happy. It is said that reading is useless.

Since the beginning of time, people have learned about the author's intentions.

Yao and Shun did not care about the world and their sons, but they did not care about the world.

If people have good horses and horses, how about the world? I think you are the emperor and you have already made up your mind. , the ministers respectfully call you my friend Si Hao. I cannot do anything for you, but I can do great things for you.

I will now appoint you as your heir.

I will not learn to read. , but you can know it by reading and asking about it.

This is not a big deal, but it is enough to explain it yourself.

Now I think your book is not as good as mine. You can study hard. Every time you write a book, you should write it yourself, and don’t ask others to do it.

Appreciation:

"The Handbook to the Prince" was written when Liu Bang was critically ill (195 BC, March of the 12th year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty). ) to establish his eldest son Liu Ying as the heir to the throne and to earnestly warn and entrust him.

In this testament, Liu Bang deeply regretted his early actions of being a poor scholar, and used his own experience to explain it. Tell your son the importance of studying.

Liu Bang died in April of the same year. In May, Liu Ying succeeded to the throne at the age of 16.

4. Sima Tan "Mingzi Qian"

The author Sima Tan (?-110 BC) was born in Xiayang (Hancheng, Shaanxi Province) in the Western Han Dynasty, and his son Sima Qian was the Taishi Ling of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Qie Fu. Filial piety begins with serving one's parents, ends with serving one's parents.

This is the greatest form of filial piety.

Sima Tan was rich in learning, so he later became the Taishi Ling of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, commonly known as Taishi Gong. He was in charge of the time and calendar, records, collection and preservation of classics and documents.

When Sima Tan was about to die, he Lai. Holding the hand of his son Sima Qian, he cried and gave instructions. This is Sima Tan's "Ming Zi Qian"

Sima Tan hoped that after his death, Sima Qian could inherit his career, not to mention writing history books.

Sima Qian lived up to his father's instructions and finally wrote "Historical Records", which is known as "the historian's swan song and the rhymeless Li Sao", and his name will go down in history.

Some people say that without Sima Tan's "Ming Zi Qian", there would be no "Historical Records" by Sima Qian

5. "Book of Commandments" and "Book of Commandments to Nephews"

The "Book of Commandments to Sons" and "Book of Commandments to Nephews" by the author Zhuge Liang (181-234) are famous ancient family mottos. They expound the principles of self-cultivation, study and conduct, and are thought-provoking to read.

Quietness cultivates one’s character, frugality cultivates virtue.

Without indifference, there is no clear ambition, and without tranquility, there is no way to reach far.

(Book of Commandments)

Translation:

Use tranquility to improve your self-cultivation, and use frugality to cultivate your own character.

If you are not calm and have few desires, you will not be able to clarify your ambitions, and if you do not rule out external interference, you will not be able to achieve lofty goals.

The husband's aspirations should be lofty and lofty, he should admire the sages, abandon his passion and stagnation, and make the ambitions of the common people reveal themselves and be compassionate.

(Book of Admonitions to Nephews)

Translation:

A person should establish lofty ideals, admire the sages, control his passions, and get rid of the vulgar thoughts in his chest. Let the noble ambition, which is almost close to that of a sage, be clearly reflected in you, making you feel shocked and enlightened.

You must be able to adapt to the tests of different situations such as smoothness and twists and turns, get rid of trivial matters and emotional entanglements, ask people extensively for advice, and eradicate your own feelings of resentment.

Appreciation:

Zhuge Liang did not have his son Zhuge Zhan until he was 46 years old.

He likes his son very much and hopes that his son will become a pillar of the country in the future.

Zhuge Liang had two sisters. The son of the second sister was named Pang Huan, who was deeply loved by Zhuge Liang.

Zhuge Liang fought all year round and was involved in government affairs, but he still did not forget to teach his children.

The two family letters he wrote to Zhuge Zhan and Pang Huan are called "Book of Commandments to Sons" and "Book of Commandments to Nephews".

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