Schools of modern linguistics:

Historical comparative linguistics, structural linguistics, transformational linguistics, systemic functional linguistics

1. Historical comparative language Study:

(1) Time: 1786-1916

(2) Characteristics: independent and diachronic atomistic view of language;

(3) Contribution: Making the study of language an independent discipline.

(4) Main characters: Jones, Lasker, Grimm, Bao Pu, Werner, Schleicher, Brugmann, Leskin, Paul, Meyer

2. Structural Linguistics:

(1) Representative: Saussure (the founder)

(2) Main content: Distinguish between language and speech, and think that language It is a system composed of symbols (operating on combination relationships and aggregation relationships). Language symbols have signifiers and signifieds, distinguishing temporal research and diachronic research on language.

(3) Main schools: Prague School, Copenhagen School, American Descriptive Linguistic School

3. Transformative Generative Linguistics:

(1) Representative figures : Chomsky

(2) General content: Use the formal method of modern mathematical logic to deduce infinite sentences based on finite rules.

IV. Systemic Functional Linguistics

(1) Representative: Halliday

(2) Main content: Pay attention to the sociological characteristics of language and study How to choose specific sentences according to specific communication purposes, focus on discovering the rules of describing language in society; explain language phenomena from a cognitive perspective; focus on the description of individual languages ????and individual variants, and discover the rules of sentences in society.