Antoni Gaudi 1852 was born on June 25th, 2002 in the Catalan town of Reyus, not far from Barcelona. My father is a boiler worker and my mother does housework at home. They are sincere, kind and pious, and live a simple, quiet and even lonely life.
Gaudi ranked fifth and the youngest. It should be said that Antonio was born at the right time-shortly before he was born, the king had just signed the imperial edict to rebuild Barcelona in an all-round way. Rich people in the industrial and commercial circles have invested heavily in Barcelona's reconstruction project. When they build new buildings, they all like to innovate and compete with each other. At that time, the profession of architect was very popular and people flocked to it. Just like many boys longed to be astronauts after many years, boys at that time also wanted to grow up quickly and build wonderful buildings so as to be famous all over the world.
Gaudi also aspires to be an architect, but his ideas on how to build it are different. He doesn't want to "invent" anything, he just wants to imitate nature and build something similar to it. Young, he wrote in his diary: "Only a madman would try to describe something that doesn't exist in the world!" His whole body and mind are full of love for nature, and it can be said that illness helped him cultivate this feeling. He suffered from rheumatism when he was very young. He can't play with other children, he can only be alone, and the only thing he can do is "wait and see". Even if a snail appeared in front of his eyes, he could observe it quietly all day.
When he was young, he was still so withdrawn and unsociable. I really can't tell anyone who particularly liked him. He belongs to a secondary school, but he paints very well. His earliest work was to draw a batch of illustrations for Funny Weekly, a handwritten magazine run by middle school students, and the magazine published 12 copies every issue, which is quite a lot.
1870, Gaudi entered Barcelona School of Architecture. In the first two years of school, disasters followed one after another: first, my eldest brother who just graduated from medical school died unfortunately, then my mother died, and then my sister died, leaving a young daughter. The old father had to move to Barcelona with his granddaughter to live with his son. Antonio had to earn money to support his family while studying.
As a student, Gaudi participated in the construction of several miracles in Barcelona. In name, he is the assistant of several great architects, but in fact he designed several parts for him by himself.
From 65438 to 0877, Gaudi designed an auditorium for a university, which was also his graduation project. After the plan came out, it caused great controversy, but it was finally passed. The headmaster of the architectural school sighed, "I really don't know if I sent the diploma to a genius or a madman!" " "
Know a best friend.
1878 is the most crucial year in Gaudi's career. This year, he not only won the title of architect, but also became friends with eusebio Gouel, who later became his protector and ally.
Gouel doesn't mind Gaudi's aloof personality, nor his eccentric temper, because he is convinced that what stands in front of him is an architectural genius. He seems to agree with this truth: "Normal people often have no talent, but genius is often like a madman." Every novel idea of Gaudi may be absolutely crazy in other people's eyes, but it always causes ecstatic reaction in Gouel. Designed by Gaudi and funded by Gouel, Gouel Manor, Mausoleum, Palace, Park, Mansion, Pavilions and Pavilions have become masterpieces of Spanish and even global architectural art. What Gaudi gets from this is what every creator desires: to express himself fully and freely without worrying about financial resources.
Gaudi has never been married, and there seems to be no chance with women. He once said, "In order to avoid disappointment, you should not be tempted by fantasy." It is said that he had a love affair when he was young, but later the girl made another choice. She's right.
Gaudi has no other hobbies and needs except work. He does seem a little stupid and crazy in life. He has a big beard all the year round, and he looks gloomy all the time. He has no other friends except Gouel. He can only speak Catalan, and he must explain everything to the workers through an interpreter. He only brought two students, and one more would be annoying. He seems to feel that as long as he associates with these two students, he can keep balance with the whole world.
He eats more simply and casually than the workers, and sometimes he simply forgets to eat, so his students have to satisfy their hunger with a few pieces of bread.
His clothes are more casual. He often wears the same suit every day for three or five years, and his shirt is dirty and torn. Look at his poor appearance, someone really regards him as a beggar.
Design Gouel Park
After Gouel introduced Gaudi into Barcelona's upper class, fashionable rich people asked him to design and build luxury houses and villas, and he has been as busy as a bee ever since. He first built a magnificent baroque mansion for the widow of an industrialist, then designed and built a peculiar bartholomew apartment, and then built a Guade villa like a Gothic castle in Bells.
Of course, he didn't forget to play for his best friend Gouel. It can be said that Gouel is also a visionary like Gaudi. 1900, he had a whim and decided to build a garden-style city. This is an extremely grand plan. To this end, he bought a bare hill in the suburb of Barcelona, and planned to build "Gouel Park" here-a residential area for the rich in Barcelona's upper class. Gaudi enthusiastically supported Gouel's plan. Naturally, neither of them considered it at that time. After all, this venue is too far away from the city and the terrain is too high. Even today, people have to take a long and steep mountain road to get there besides using two large elevators. No wonder many people think it is crazy to choose such a place to build residential areas.
Gaudi divided this large mountainous area into dozens of independent plots and marked them with huge stones, and then the huge construction project began. It is here that Gaudi successfully combined nature and architecture into a perfect whole. Everything here-bridges, roads and benches inlaid with colored porcelain-twists and turns, as if floating and flowing, forming a poetic artistic conception. According to the architect's intention, the central square, which will be the rest place for future residents, has colonnades, but none of the pillars are straight, just like the trunk of a natural forest.
There are surprises everywhere here. The whole park is like a fairy tale world, and it is like a giant artwork hanging in the air. Even if Gaudi didn't build any other buildings, this park alone is enough to make him go down in history.
Gul Park is a great achievement in architectural art, but it is a great failure in economy. The 16 plot planned for private residential construction in the park is only 1 block. The reason is simple: Barcelona people don't want to climb mountains every day, they are not goats!
Design bartholomew apartment
Bartholomew Apartment (also translated as bartholomew House) is not far from Mira House. Although it was not built by Gaudi, it was completely transformed by Gaudi from the outside to the inside.
The most striking thing about bartholomew's house is the roof and facade with the story of St. George and the Dragon as the background. Glazed tiles like the dragon's back make the cross stabbed on the dragon's back particularly dazzling. The appearance of the house is decorated with the bones of the victims, adding a fairy-tale atmosphere.
Then, the theme of "ocean" is collaged with colorful tiles of sea blue, creating an ocean atmosphere that symbolizes the Catalan national spirit of interacting with the sea, taking risks and difficulties, pursuing freedom and being optimistic and enterprising.
The interior design of the house is equally amazing. Gaudi pieced together a patio in the deep sea with different shades of blue tiles and ceramics, while streamlined teak was used as luxury furniture such as furniture, stair handrails, window frames, tables and chairs.
Design Mila apartment
On Paseo Deglas Cia Avenue in Barcelona, there is a world-famous building with pure modern style-Mira apartment. People often call it a "stone house". Together with two other works by Gaudi, it was declared as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1984.
Pere Milla is a rich man. After visiting bartholomew's apartment, he and his wife were very envious and decided to build a more amazing building. Milla found Gaudi, a middle-aged architect with good popularity, asked him to design and build, and promised him full freedom of creation and action. Only later did he realize that his promise was thoughtless.
The project is in full swing. Milla, on the other hand, lingered anxiously on the construction site, because there were many puzzling questions in his mind: Why did the project start without drawings? Why is there no budget? Why is there no design scheme? And so on. Gaudi is silent-language is not the only and best way for him to express his views. However, one day, he lost his temper, took out a crumpled piece of paper from his pocket and said to Milla, "This is my apartment design!" "
Poor Milla sometimes grabbed his wallet and sometimes grabbed his chest, but Gaudi smiled casually. He rubbed his hands proudly and said to Milla, "The strange shape of this house will echo the various mountains around Barcelona."
Mira apartment has a patchwork roof, uneven walls and winding curves everywhere. The whole building is like a rough sea, full of movement. Gaudi also built some grotesque protrusions on the roof of Mira apartment, some like armed soldiers, some like mythical monsters, and some like church bells. In fact, this is a special form of chimney and ventilation duct. Later, like Gouel Park and Sagrada Familia Cathedral, it became a symbol of Barcelona.
In a word, Mira apartment looks strange inside and outside, even absurd. But Gaudi thinks this is the best house he has ever built, because he thinks it is "the most convincing work to embody romanticism and anti-traditional spirit in architecture with naturalism".
Casamirra, which covers an area of 1 1000 square meters, is Gaudi's most mature naturalistic works. From the inside out, the whole structure has no edges and corners, and the design without straight lines creates an infinite sense of space flow.
Mila House is nicknamed La Pedrera by Barcelona people because of its milky white stones. Its appearance is an incredible white wavy building with a finely carved wrought iron balcony. It looks magnificent and luxurious, which makes people admire Gaudi's mastery of cast iron materials and can play it to the extreme.
As Milla House is located in the corner, Gaudi tries to save space. First of all, the appearance of the building is made of thick but actually very thin slate. Two patios were also designed, so that the plane of the house became doughnut-shaped, so that every household could have double-sided lighting, and all the spaces in the house could be connected in series, which not only saved the aisle space, but also saved the space to the last centimeter. It should be a bold, scientific and avant-garde design at that time and today.
In addition to attractive appearance, climbing on the roof, a dozen innovative and avant-garde "alien warriors" stood on it, as if crossing time and space, showing a smiling future world. In fact, these are all smoke pipes or water towers, but Gaudi is used to beautifying them and turning them into a beautiful leisure place, so he has to respect Gaudi's rich imagination again. Even after nearly a hundred years, they are still as avant-garde and dazzling!
However, Mira House, which was built in 1906- 19 10, had a rough fate. Although it was originally a mansion of industrial giants, it later became a casino, a cram school and a sublet apartment.
After 1984 was designated as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO, it was not until 1986 that it was bought by the Centre Catalonia at the price of S $900 million, and it was renovated at the price of S $1000 million to reproduce its beauty.
Design Sagrada Familia Church
The idea of building this church was put forward by Giuseppe-Maria Boca Beria, a bookseller in Barcelona. He is the founder of the worship association of St. Joseph, whose members generously donated money, and hired the architect Francisco Derbria to design and preside over the construction. However, shortly after its completion, there was a quarrel between the architect and the reverence association, so Gouel suggested asking Gaudi to take charge.
It is located in the center of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Built in 1884. The conservative estimate of the completion time is 2050, and the most optimistic estimate is that the finished product will not be seen until 2026. Although it is an unfinished building, it does not detract from becoming one of the most famous scenic spots in the world. The main body of the church is mainly in Gothic style, with slender lines as the main feature, while the dome and internal structure show neo-Gothic style. This is the most important work and the greatest building in his life. It can also be said that it is the crystallization of his painstaking efforts and a symbol of honor.
The world always has a strange preference for Babel, and Gaudi is no exception. He designed three magnificent main doors for the temple of the church, and placed four minarets above each door. 12 towers represent 12 disciples of Jesus. There are four towers around the central minaret, symbolizing four evangelists and Christ himself. By September of 20 12, eight double-door towers had been completed.
When designing the interior decoration of the church, he tried his best to portray the characters in the Bible story as true and credible. To this end, he took great pains to find the right real person to be a model. For example, he found a church gatekeeper to describe Judas, and finally found a big man with six fingers to describe the centurion who slaughtered children. In addition, in order to show the image of hundreds of babies slaughtered by the cruel and heartless Jewish king Herod on the front of a door, he deliberately went to look for the dead babies, made plaster models and hung them under the ceiling of the workshop, which made the workers feel creepy.
170 meter tower, colorful mosaic decoration, spiral staircase, like a lifelike statue growing from the wall ... The huge building looks very light, like a sand castle built by children on the beach. However, the church seems a bit scary. No wonder some people call it a "nightmare made of stones".
But when Pope Leo XIII announced his support for the construction of the church, Barcelona people immediately fell in love with the church and its architect Gaudi.
Gaudi's death
1926 June 10, Barcelona held the opening ceremony of the tram, and the whole city was jubilant. The tram decorated with colorful flags and flowers started with cheerful music and thunderous applause ... Suddenly, the tram knocked down an old man!
At first, no one knew that he was Gaudi. He was ragged and haggard, and people thought the bad old man was just a beggar. He died soon after he was taken to the hospital. Like all homeless people lying dead in the street, they should be sent to a public cemetery and buried in a hurry in a few days. I didn't expect an old lady to recognize this old man as Antonio Gaudi. God, he is the greatest architect and the most outstanding citizen of Barcelona and the pride of Spain! On the day of the funeral, the whole city of Barcelona came out to pay tribute to him!
Gaudi was buried in the underground chamber of Sagrada Familia Cathedral. The cathedral has not been completely completed. As of August 20 10, the builder was the fifth generation. Due to lack of funds, the project is progressing slowly. The project costs an average of $3 million a year. Even if the supply of funds is very stable, I am afraid it will take at least 65 years to build. In fact, no one can tell how many years it will be built. Gaudi knows that the project will be completed without him when it starts (if it can be completed). Perhaps it is Gaudi's gift to the world and Gaudi's original intention to make this church an eternal construction project and a process as eternal as nature!
Chronology of life
1852 was born in Reus, a small town in Catalonia.
1870 entered the Barcelona School of Architecture.
1877 The graduation project is the auditorium of a university.
1878, he won the title of architect and got to know Eusébio Gouel.
1883 presided over the construction of Sagrada Familia Cathedral.
1900, decided to build Gouel Park.
1June, 926 10 was knocked down by a tram in Barcelona and died.