Books are the main tool used by humans to record all achievements. They are also an important medium for humans to communicate with each other, acquire knowledge, and pass on experience. They have made great contributions to the development of human civilization.

1. Verbs

(1) (Phonetic. From Yu, the sound of the person. Yu (yù), that is, the pen. The official script saves "zhe" to become "曰". "Shuowen" ": "Book, chopsticks." "Zhe" means to make the words visible. "Zhe" means "箸" is similar in pronunciation, so the original meaning of "Zhe" is: writing, recording, recording) Traditional Chinese. Writing method

(2) Same as the original meaning. Example: book, chopsticks. ——"Shuowen". Ordinarily, the preface to the text says: "It is written on bamboo and silk." Example: Wuyue Liushu. ——"Zhou Li·Baoshi" Example: Writing a book. In ancient times, it was recorded on bamboo and wood with a knife, in the middle ages, it was painted on silk with lacquer, and in later generations, it was written on paper with ink. ——Zhu Junsheng's "Shuowen Tongxun Dingsheng" Example: Yi Zhi made a written deed. ——"Yixi Ci" Example: The writer writes down the words with strokes. ——"Preface to Shangshu" Example: Zi Zhang wrote to all the gentry. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong" Example: Naidan wrote on silk: "King Chen Sheng", which was placed in the belly of a fish. ——"Historical Records·Chen She Family" Example: There is a word "Qu" in the big book, use two poles to clamp it, and walk to the censor's platform. ——Ming Dynasty Gao Qi's "Book Bo Ji Zhe Shi" Example: Everyone agrees, so the book is written. ——Fang Bao's "Miscellaneous Notes from Prison" Another example: Shuhou (writing greetings); Shuni (recording crimes); Secretary's hand (a scribe who copies documents, etc.); Calligraphy and painting Maoyou (commuting to and from get off work); Shuwen ( writing and writing); calligraphy (referring to manuscripts); book utensils (writing tools, stationery); book coupons (writing contracts); calligraphy and inkstones (inkstones); book prison (writing prison words); book life (writing edicts and orders) ); bookcase (a kind of stationery, used to support the arm when writing, so that the wrist presses the paper to prevent ink stains); calligraphy (writing slips) Simplified writing method

(3) Painting example: Now the general is asking about something, but is it possible for me to write a wrong book? - "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". Hu Sansheng's note: "Books can be used, and paintings can be used."

2. Nouns

(1) Book, a work bound into a volume Example: book, any book containing books is called a book . ——"Zhengzi Tong" Example: Shenzi and Hanzi both wrote books. ——"Historical Records·Biography of Han Fei" Example: Why study and then learn? ——"The Analects of Confucius·Advanced" Example: Writer, the general name of the Five Classics and Six Books. ——"Historical Records·Book of Rites" Search for Yin Example: Huang Shengyun borrowed a book from Xiu. According to the book given by the owner of the garden, he told me. ——Yuan Mei, Qing Dynasty, "Huang Sheng's Book Borrowing Theory" Example: My family is poor and I have no way to read the books, so I always borrow them from a book collector. ——Ming Dynasty Song Lian's "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang" Another example: history books (history books); books (pictures and books. Generally refers to books); bookmakers (vendors selling books and stationery); scholarly people (those who have been reading for generations) family); scholarly Chinese calligraphy

Yi lineage (the family tradition of being knowledgeable and sensible); turning over a book bag (referring to the prosperity of a poor scholar); book riddles (riddles made from words in a book); book handkerchief (gifts. Ming Dynasty) It is customary in the officialdom to use books and handkerchiefs as gifts, called book handkerchiefs); book swords (books and swords. Things that ancient literati carried with them. Later also referred to the career of literati); book books (small book boxes); book rituals (buying books in name) gift money); Shuru (bookworm. Metaphor for pedantic literati); Shuxiner (the most exciting chapter in a book); Shujie (the disaster of books); Shuhui (the author and speaker of operas in the Song and Yuan Dynasties) ***Society with the same organization); Bookworm (a person who only knows how to chew books); Book City (there are so many books lined up like a city); Book Brain (the part of the book that is punched and threaded when binding); Book Pavilion (a collection of books) place); book catalog (book catalog); book bag (bag containing books) (2) Letters, letter examples: The war continues for three months, and letters from home are worth ten thousand yuan. ——Du Fu's "Spring Hope" Example: One man arrived with a letter, and two men died in battle. ——Du Fu, Tang Dynasty, "Shi Hao Li" Example: Everyone is frightened when they see Cao Cao's book saying that there are eight hundred thousand water steps, and they don't know the truth, so they start this discussion, which is very meaningless. ——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Another example: Shu introduction (the person who conveys the letter); Shu Jie (the end of the letter, the letter); Shu Cheng (also known as "Book Process". Letters written to bosses or elders, letters ); Shuzi (letters); Shuban (an official in charge of writing documents); Shuqi Shiye (a secret servant in charge of documents); Shuyou (a minor official in charge of documents); Shuchi (ruler slips, letters); Shusu (letters) ); book tube (a tube for holding letters in ancient times. Also refers to letters); book title (referring to letters); book seal (letters) (3) Memorial; document, document example: Those who write to remonstrate with others will be rewarded. ——"Warring States Policy·Qi Ce·Zou Ji Satirizes the King of Qi for Remonstrance" Example: Twelve volumes of military books, each with the name of the father.

——"Collection of Yuefu Poems·Mulan Poems" Example: Duke Huan's illness worsened, and Guan Zhong was worried about it. Hang a book on the door: "If there is anyone who can tell the public about the ghosts he has seen, one-third of the fiefdom should be given as a gift." - Feng Menglong of the Ming Dynasty, "Records of the Kingdoms of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" Example: If the gentleman has a report, he will write it down. Just in submission. ——Qing Dynasty Liang Qichao's "Tan Si Tong Zhuan" Another example: certificate; guarantee; instructions; book can (review of official documents, approval of writing); book endowment (document); book text (document); book house (treasury for collecting documents and books) ); Shuzuo (the assistant responsible for handling documents); Shubu (the subordinate official responsible for handling documents) (4) Font, font. Such as: calligraphy in the air (use your fingers to draw glyphs in the air) (5) Calligraphy, one of the traditional Chinese arts. Refers to the rules for writing Chinese characters (Zhuan, Li, Zheng, Xing, Cao) with a conical brush. Online calligraphy: "Book"

Example: Love words to please relatives, music and music to relieve worries. ——Jin Dynasty Tao Yuanming's "Come Back and Come Back" Example: Studying and spending money on books is better than spending money on drinking. ——Ouyang Xiu's "Study Fee Paper" Another example: regular script; official script; calligraphy judgment (discriminating the quality of calligraphy and articles); calligraphy sage (referring to the most accomplished calligrapher); calligraphy meaning (the essence of calligraphy); calligraphy quality (a book that comments on the pros and cons of calligraphy; the style of calligraphy); calligraphy style (the style of calligraphy) (6) An example of the abbreviation of "Shang Shu": "Book" does not mean? "A good question will lead to prosperity." - Qing Dynasty Liu Open "Wen Shuo" Example: "Book" says: "Many will cause harm, modesty will gain." - Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu's "New History of the Five Dynasties: Preface to the Biography of Lingguan" Example: Pang Juanguo went to the tree at night and saw the white book. ——"Historical Records: Biography of Sun Tzu Wu Qi" (7) Text Example: There is a square board in the arms, with several running scripts on it. ——Li He's "Sense of Satire" Another example: calligraphy (that is, literary science. The meaning and context of literary words); calligraphers (personnel engaged in writing and clerical work); calligraphy (referring to the writing and carriage tracks used in the country); calligraphy Ji (writing and planning); (8) refers to the "Six Books", which is the theoretical example of analyzing writing in ancient China: for ten years, he went to work as a foreign master, lived abroad, and studied calligraphy. ——"Book of Rites". Sun Xidan's Explanation: Shu and Ji refer to the study of six books and nine numbers among the six arts. (9) Imperial edicts from ancient emperors Example: Nowadays, with the people of one county and one country, those who do not respond will be treated as kings. ——"Hanshu" (10) Storytelling is a kind of folk art. Such as: Shuyu; Listening to books (11) Style name. In the pre-Qin period, "shu" was the general name for letters. The ministers' speeches to the king and the letters exchanged between relatives and friends were all called "shu". Such as: "Le Yi's Letter to King Yan Hui", "Remonstration and Expulsion Letter", "Report to Liu Yizhang", "Book of Thoughts with Zhu Yuan", "Letter to His Wife" (12) Writing; recording; writing. For example: big book, special book/zhenbi straight book. Example: When my wife comes home, she goes to the pavilion and asks about ancient things, or learns from some books. ——Ming Dynasty Gui Youguang's "Xiang Ji Xuan Zhi" (13) Surname Edited by Liu, this paragraph explains the text and explains the characters. Book

Volume 3 Yu Bu Shu is also a chopstick. From the sound of those who come. Shang Yuqie Wen 4

The History of Books

No matter in ancient or modern times, at home and abroad, people always give the highest recognition and special care to books. Hand-refined paper is particularly suitable for Chinese calligraphy and painting, and is divided into two types: raw Xuan and cooked Xuan. Many of mankind's great creations have gone through a long process of development and gathered the efforts of countless people to grow and expand all the time, and books are no exception. Take China as an example. It has a development history of at least 3,500 years, during which the wisdom and labor invested by people are unparalleled. Books have been created and improved over and over again to what they are today. Generally speaking, in history, except for some books produced for special purposes, the development of books can be traced. In the earliest interactions, when people communicated with each other, they might only use gestures or volume as a medium. Later, through the accumulation of experience, some fixed syllables were determined to represent a certain meaning, and human beings stepped out of the era of speech and speech and entered a society of speech and speech. With language, human beings often use memory to remember what they hear and then repeat it to others; or to spread their ideals and personal experiences through language. This purpose and method are similar to the functions of books in the future. Therefore, it can be called a living book passed down orally. Human memory is limited after all, and sometimes it goes out of shape. Living books passed down orally must have many flaws. As a result, smart humans have invented many methods to help memory, the most representative of which is knotting. The size, tightness, number and color of the knots are used to express various meanings. We can call it a rope book. Rope books can be transmitted to distant places and can be preserved for a long time. Compared with language, they have certain advantages.

However, due to its limited style changes, it cannot meet the needs of the rapidly advancing human society. Therefore, human beings began to improve again, starting from imitating nature, depicting external images and simplifying them, transforming them into simple images, and then using them as symbols of imagery. This kind of picture has the prototype of words, and most people call it word painting. Later, after further improvement and evolution, it gradually became a stereotyped hieroglyph. After a long period of development, countless fonts have finally been created for people to use. The emergence of writing not only opened up a new realm for human civilization, but also laid a solid foundation for books. Chinese narrative writing developed before narrative writing. Most of the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty are questions, and there are only a few words that record events. The two-week bronze inscriptions are also mainly about recording words. It was not until the Warring States Period that chronicles made significant progress. Ancient Chinese language is probably unified, and everything spoken and written can be called "ci". We call oracles "ci", and most of "Shangshu" is actually "ci". We believe that these words were the "elegant language" of the time, which was the Mandarin or Mandarin of the time. However, when it was passed down to later generations, this kind of Mandarin or Mandarin became an ancient saying of Jiqu Naiya.

Movable type plate

With words, you first need to find materials for writing and engraving. The earliest writing materials were all taken from nature, such as stones, bark, leaves, animal skins, animal bones, animal carapace, etc., are all examples. However, these materials have their own shortcomings and cannot give full play to the recording function of writing. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, knowledge became increasingly popular, and writing books became popular. In order to meet the needs, simple scripts and silk scripts were produced one after another. "Jane" is a long and narrow strip made of bamboo or wood. When writing, one piece is continued from top to bottom, and then arranged in order from right to left, and connected with ropes. Such a work , it will be coherent and complete. Silk books are books written on silk fabric. Because the silk is soft and light, it is convenient to carry and read. It's just that simple books are bulky and silk books are expensive, which is not conducive to the popularization of knowledge and the long-term development of books, so people invented paper to replace them. The emergence of paper was around the Western Han Dynasty, and the official record in history books is 105 AD. Because paper is lightweight and cheap, it quickly became the most important material for producing books. After the emergence of paper, although many problems in book production were solved, the production of books still remained at copying word for word, which was time-consuming and laborious, and still lacked convenience. People then inspired the combination of engraving and printing technology from their long-term experience of using seals and rubbing inscriptions on stele tablets. A convenient and fast method of producing books was finally invented. Demonstrate the papermaking process using ancient methods. Block printing appeared around the early and prosperous Tang Dynasty. Because it was a good method for producing books in the handicraft industry, it was quickly promoted and used and became the main force in producing books after the Five Dynasties and the Two Song Dynasties. In order to make printing technology more convenient and beautiful, someone invented movable type typesetting and printing during the Qingli Period of Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (1041-1048 AD). At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it advanced to the printing field of color overprinting. Since then, printing technology has not only become mature and comprehensive, but the printed products have become even more beautiful and attractive. In addition to text, paper, and printing, how are books decorated? It is also one of the essentials. Since the bamboo and wood simplicity, the decoration techniques of Chinese books have been continuously improved and improved, and the direction of their evolution is mostly towards the principles of simplicity, practicality, beauty and elegance. Throughout the ages, book decoration systems have evolved through various processes such as scroll, leaf, sutra folding, butterfly binding, back-packing, and thread binding. Although modern books are mechanically bound into paperback, hardcover and other forms, some ancient books published by photocopying often use lines to add ancient meaning, which can quite arouse the nostalgia for the past. In early China, copper sheaths were used to protect books. However, no matter how the method of producing books changes, its basic principles cannot break away from the old ways. It can be said that today’s platemaking, printing, papermaking and other essentials for making books have all evolved from the old inventions of the Chinese people. Therefore, when we remember the progress of human civilization and the history of the development of books, it is always difficult to suppress a nameless excitement and glory. Of course, it may be more meaningful to encourage ourselves and reflect on ourselves and continue the glorious legacy of our ancestors.

Pocket book

There is no completely accurate definition of pocket book. It generally refers to a book with a format smaller than 32K and a printed sheet of no more than 10 sheets. The rise of pocket books can be traced back to the "Penguin Series" published in London in July 1935. This series of books sold more than 25 million copies in three years and was a huge success.

Pocket books became popular in the world and triggered a "paper book revolution", which had a profound impact on the publishing industry in European and American countries. It was even listed as one of the human inventions and human inventions of the 20th century along with the American invention of Kodachrome color film. Among adventures and unusual events.

E-books

E-books in pure text form can no longer meet the requirements of readers. Therefore, e-books in CHM and HLP formats have emerged as the standard format for Windows system help files. , CHM and HLP formats can support the insertion of pictures, and can also facilitate readers by creating catalogs, indexes and other functions. These two formats do not require any third-party software support and can be read directly in Windows systems. CEB format CEB format is an e-book format independently developed by Peking University Founder Company. Due to the use of "high-fidelity" technology in the document conversion process, CEB format e-books can maintain the original style to the greatest extent. It is precisely based on this feature that many e-book distribution institutions and digital libraries have begun to adopt this format. Relevant national departments have also adopted the CEB format as the standard format for electronic document delivery. Founder Apabi Reader is the designated reading software in CEB format. Apabi Reader also has the functions of font scaling, bookmarks, note-taking, book management, translation and text copying, and can try its best to meet the traditional reading habits of readers. PDF format PDF is an electronic reading file format developed by Adobe. It can truly reflect the format, fonts, layout and pictures in the original document, and ensure that the printed effect of the document is not distorted. Therefore, the PDF format has become an internationally recognized electronic document format. The special reading tool for PDF files is Adobe Acrobat Reader software. In order to enable readers to read the original layout, the electronic versions of many newspapers are in PDF format, such as "Xinmin Evening News" in Shanghai, "Beijing Youth Daily" in Beijing, etc. By the way, the Founder Apabi Reader introduced above can also read PDF documents, so when installing PDF reading software, you can choose one of the two. PDG format Chaoxing Company has collected about 300,000 books of various kinds through libraries across the country, and scanned the books and stored them in PDG digital format and stored them in the Chaoxing Digital Library. If you want to read these books, you must use Superstar Reader. After installing the reader, open Superstar Reader and click "Resources". We can see the classification of books according to different subjects. Expand After classification, each specific book is presented to us. During the reading process, you can also choose to download the book. WDL and WDF formats WDL and WDF formats solve the problem of incompatibility between different software platforms and language systems. Since these two formats have particularly good support for Chinese characters and pictures in documents, when you are using DynaDoc Reader When reading these two formats, font deformation, garbled characters, etc. will never occur. Judging from the current usage, most computer programming e-books prefer to use the WDL format. If you are interested in programming, DynaDoc Reader is one of your must-have software. ABM and BOK formats ABM and BOK are two new digital publication formats. You may be a little unfamiliar with them. The biggest feature of these two formats is that they can organically combine text content, pictures, sounds and even video animations into a whole. . When reading, it can bring you a full range of visual and auditory enjoyment. "Zanghua" is the designated reading software for ABM and BOK formats. The method of use is quite simple. After opening the software, you only need to drag the file to the playback window with the mouse, and the file will automatically run (about the specific use of "Zanghua" , you can refer to the article "Digital Software in the Digital Age - Tibetan Painting DigiBook" in the newspaper software.net column of the 19th issue of this year's "China Computer Education News"). TXT and Jar format txt is a text document. The txt file is a text format provided by Microsoft on the operating system. It is the most common file format and mainly stores text information, that is, text information.

JAR (Java ARchive, Java Archive) is a platform-independent file format that can combine multiple files into one file. Currently mainly used on mobile phones, it is one of the most common and widely used mobile reading formats. Edit this paragraph metaphor: Educators say: Books are the key to wisdom. Politicians say: Books are the life of the times. Economists say: Books are information about getting rich. Literary writers say: Books are human tonics. Historians say: Books are the ladder of progress. The striver said: Books are the guide in life. The explorer said: Books are ships leading to the other shore. The confused person said: The book is the morning star in the heart. Students say: Books are teachers who don’t speak. The seeker said: Books are a "good meal" when you are hungry. Edit this paragraph: The heaviest book [English] weighs 2 and a half tons, covers an area of ??41 square meters, has a catalog of 520,000 pages, and took 12 years to compile. The smallest book has an area of ??less than 1 square centimeter. This book is "Chameleon" written by the Russian writer Chekhov. The first paper book "Three Kingdoms" and the largest book. This huge book is 2 meters high and 3 meters wide. It is a famous quote from the editor of "Duden German Orthographic Dictionary". Books are the life of our time. ——Belinsky Read thousands of books and travel thousands of miles. ——Liu Yi Read it a hundred times, and its meaning will be apparent to you. ——"Three Kingdoms" Lenin

Books are a huge power. ——Lenin Books are the ladder of human progress. ——Gorky Books are the presidents of human knowledge. ——Shakespeare Books are the treasure trove of human thoughts. ——Ushensky Books - a treasure in the world. ——Thoreau Good books are the most precious treasures. - Belinsky Books are the only immortal thing. ——Tyutchev Books make people the masters of the universe. ——Pavlenko The soul of the entire past lies in the book. ——Carlyle The influence of people is short and weak, but the influence of books is broad and far-reaching. ——Pushkin People can’t live without books just like they can’t live without air. ——Korolev Books are not only life, but also the source of cultural life in the present, past and future. ——Kufayev Books introduce us to the best society and enable us to get to know the great wise men of all ages. ——Smiles Books are this tool for transforming the soul. What mankind needs is enlightening nourishment. And reading is exactly this kind of nourishment. ——Hugo Books are beacons standing in the vast ocean of time. ——Whipple Books—The Real University of Our Time. ——Carlyle Books inspire my intellect and soul, and they help me get out of the putrid quagmire. Without them, I would drown in it, choked by stupid and vulgar things. ——Gorky Books are like a magic lamp, which illuminates people's most distant and bleak life paths. ——Upitt Books have the power of immortality. They are the most lasting fruits of human activities. ——Smiles The ideal book is the key to wisdom. ——Leo Tolstoy Except for barbaric countries, the entire world is ruled by books. ——Fortel "Books are the ever-lasting lamp for the accumulation of wisdom in the world." ——Curtis "Books can guide us into noble society and make acquaintance with the greatest figures of all times." ——Smiles Books make people become unrestrained. ——Gratkov Only books are immortal. ——Joate Books make us the inheritors of the spiritual life of all previous eras. ——Chinninger Books are the legacy left by genius to mankind, passed down from generation to generation, and they are also gifts to those who have not yet been born. ——Edison Books are mentors for young people and nurses for the elderly. In times of silence, books make us happy and stay away from all pain. ——Collier Books are good teachers who cultivate us. There is no need for whipping and beating, no words and reprimands, no tuition fees, and no formality... The love for books is the love for wisdom. ——Debury The book is a consultant who is always nearby. It can provide you with the knowledge you need at any time, and you can repeat this consultant as many times as you wish. ——Keller A book lover will definitely not lack a loyal friend, a good teacher, a lovely companion, and a warm comforter. ——Barrow Books are friends, although they are not passionate, but they are very loyal. ——Hugo Books are the experiences of previous generations. ——Labray Books are inseparable life companions and mentors for young people. ——Golky Books are the nutrition of the world. Life without books is like the earth without sunshine; wisdom without books is like a bird without wings.

——Shakespeare Books are the food of youth, they make old people happy, they are also the decoration of prosperity, the refuge of danger, and they comfort the soul. It is the seed of happiness at home and does not become an obstacle outside, but when traveling, it is a companion at night. ——Cicero Books are your best friends. When you encounter any difficulties in life, you can turn to it for help and it will never abandon you. ——Doude Books are ships of thought sailing in the waves of the times. They carefully transport precious cargo to one generation after another. ——Bacon Books are tools for creating the soul. ——Hugo Books are the most patient, tolerant and delightful companions. It will never abandon you in any difficult or difficult time. ——The Book of Herzen - This is the spiritual legacy of this generation to another generation. This is the advice of the dying old man to the young people who have just started to live. This is the advice of the man on guard who is about to rest to the one who has come to take over his post. The order of the person standing guard. ——Herzen Books-a window to observe the world through the mind. A house without books is like a room without windows. ——Wilson Books are the foundation of any kind of knowledge and the foundation of any subject. ——Zweig "Books are not inanimate things. They contain the potential of life and are as active as the author." Not only that, it is like a vase that preserves the purest essence of the author's vibrant wisdom. ——Milton Books are tools for cultivating wisdom. ——Comenius Ingenious books spread in dark times, like some sunlight shining on the desolate desert, in order to turn darkness into light. These books are epoch-making works in the history of human spirituality. People rely on their principles to move towards various new discoveries. Books are faithful mirrors that shine the hearts of saints and heroes into our hearts. ——Yoshimoto