Zhuangzi’s philosophical thoughts are summarized as follows:

1. In philosophy, Zhuangzi inherited and developed Laozi’s thoughts, believing that “Tao” is an objective and real existence, and regarded “Tao” as The origin of all things in the universe.

Zhuangzi closely integrated Tao and people, making Tao the highest state that life can reach. Zhuangzi believes that Tao is the origin of all things in the world and the law of movement of all things in the universe. "Tao" is invisible and has no birth and death in time and space. All things often arise and disappear due to special encounters. Tao operates all things but never disappears itself.

2. Advocate for unconditional spiritual freedom.

Zhuangzi advocates actively seeking the real way out of life through "inaction", that is, using spiritual transcendence to release people from the difficulties of life. He believes that people can only transcend reality, life and death, and secular concepts. and customs, through "heart fasting" and "sitting and forgetting" to achieve the state of spiritual freedom in a free and unrestrained state.

3. Zhuangzi advocates obedience to the way of heaven, and abandons "artificiality" and the "pseudo" impurities in human nature.

Zhuangzi advocates that everything should be in harmony with nature, that things should be in harmony with the times, and that knowing that there is nothing you can do about it, you should be content with it as if it were your fate. In Zhuangzi's view, real life is natural, so there is no need to teach or stipulate anything, but to get rid of something, forget something, and forget about intentionality, scheming, and discrimination. Zhuangzi believes that propaganda, education, and persuasion are all "hypocrisy" in human nature, so we must abandon them.

Extended information

Zhuangzi’s main achievements:

1. Literature

Zhuangzi wrote more than 100,000 words in his life, and the title of the book is "Zhuangzi" . "Zhuangzi" has high research value in philosophy and literature. It is called the "Three Mysteries" together with "The Book of Changes" and "Laozi". "Zhuangzi" represents the highest achievement of pre-Qin prose.

2. Philosophy

Zhuangzi inherited and developed Laozi's viewpoint of "Tao follows nature" in philosophical thought, making Taoism truly a school, and he also became an important representative of Taoism. figure. As the founder of the Taoist school, Lao-Zhuang philosophy is the only ancient Chinese philosophy that can compete with Confucianism and later Buddhism as the greatest ancient theory.

3. Thoughts

Zhuangzi opposes "artificiality". The ideal society is the so-called "world of supreme virtue". Zhuangzi opposed the Confucian concept of hierarchy. Confucianism said that "the king, the king, the ministers, the father, the son, the son." Zhuangzi believed that "the Tao is one" and believed that the Tao is in all things and that all things are equal.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhuangzi