2 1, casting pearls before swine

It turns out that fairness and justice are the exercise of cattle to "clear the coke" and eat the same. It's not that cows don't smell it, nor that cows don't like it. It becomes the voice of the gadfly, the voice of the solitary calf, that is, turning its tail to listen.

Later, according to this story, people derived the idiom "play the lute to a cow", which means it is a waste of breath to reason with people who don't understand reason. It is also often used to laugh at people who talk without looking at objects.

The palace played music called "Qingming Corner" for the cow, and the cow lowered its head and was still eating grass. It's not that the cow didn't hear, it's that its ears are not suitable for hearing. On the contrary, it makes the sound of a gadfly and the chirping of a lonely calf. The cow immediately wagged its tail, pricked up its ears and listened carefully with small steps.

22. The rich beg for sheep.

The rich in Chu, grazing ninety-nine, willing to hundred. I visited an old friend in the city, my neighbor, who was very poor and had a sheep. He said, "My sheep are 99, and now I am 100% monarch, so the number of shepherds is enough."

The comments on this story satirize those who are greedy for money.

There was a rich man in the state of Chu who kept ninety-nine sheep and wished for a hundred. He used to look for acquaintances in his village. His neighbor is a poor man with a sheep. The rich man asked the poor to say, "I have ninety-nine sheep." Now if you give me this one, I will increase it to 100, so the number of sheep I have is an integer.

23. Luhou raises birds

In the past, seabirds stopped on the outskirts of Lu, but the duke of Lu fell down in the temple like an emperor. It was a pleasure to play Jiu Shao and eat soon. The bird was dazzled by sadness, and dared not eat or drink a cup. Three days later, it died. This is raising birds by yourself, not by birds. ("The Joy of Zhuangzi's Stories")

The deep moral of this fable is to inspire people to grasp the regularity of things no matter what they do, and never do whatever they want, regardless of the specific situation of the work object and the research object, and what their characteristics and laws are.

Once upon a time, a seabird landed on the outskirts of the capital of Lu. Lv Hou personally welcomed it to the ancestral temple, set a respectful banquet to meet it and support it. He plays the ancient music Jiu Shao to it every day and arranges for it to eat. Lv Hou's hospitality makes seabirds dizzy and afraid, and they dare not eat any meat or drink a glass of water. Three days later, they died. Lv Hou keeps birds as his own way of enjoyment, not according to the bird lifestyle. The bird was scared to death by him.

24. Eat wild geese and lick them

It turned out that Zou Mu made a public order: when eating geese, you must eat them, but you can't eat them. Therefore, the warehouse is easy for the people, two stones are millet, and one stone is collapse. I think it's expensive. Please eat it with Xiaomi.

Mu Gongzheng: "Go, you don't know! The husband and the people are full of oxen, and they are violent and arrogant. Are those who are diligent but not lazy birds and beasts? Corn, people eat it, why keep birds? You know the subtotal, I don't know the meeting. Zhou Yan said, "The bag is leaking." And don't smell it alone? Husbands are the parents of the people. It's not my millet to take it out of the warehouse and move it to the people. If a bird eats Zou's cake, it won't hurt Zou. What choice should I make between the warehouse and the people? "

Comment and analysis

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Zou Mu ordered in public: "Feed ducks and geese with bran, not grain!" Therefore, if there is no chaff in the national granary, we will exchange millet with the people, and one stone chaff will only be exchanged for two stones of millet. Civil servants feel wasteful and ask to be fed with millet. Mu Gong replied: "Come on, this is not the truth you can understand! The common people not only steamed and roasted their fields in the scorching sun, but also bent down to expose themselves to the sun, weeding and fertilizing. They work hard, but not lazy. Is this the hard work of birds and animals? Gu Mi is people's first-rate food. Why is it used to raise birds? And you only know the detailed calculation of decimals, not the sum of large numbers. As the saying goes in Zhou Dynasty,' The grain bag in the granary is leaking, and the grain is still stored in the granary.' Haven't you heard of this? Ren Jun is the parents of ordinary people, and transfers the grain in the national granary to ordinary people. Isn't this my grain? If a bird eats Zou's husk, it won't damage Zou's grain. For me, what is the choice between hiding food in public warehouses or hiding it among the people? "Zou people have heard this passage from Zou Mugong, and they all know that possession and reserve are a whole. This is called knowing how to make the country rich.

25. Enter Jiaochuan City

Original Geng Yindong wanted to enter Jiaochuan City from a small post, and ordered him to bundle books with wooden slips. When the sun sets in the west, smoke haunts the trees at night. After seeing the two-mile city, I asked the ferryman if he could open the south gate. Monkey knew Xiao Xi well and should say, "Xu Xingzhi is still open; Fast forward is closed. " Give it to the program and it will follow suit. Half, little servant Xi, the bag broke and the book collapsed. Before the crow started, the book was tied and the front door was under the door frame. If you want to be cool, think that crossing the street is a shortcut. Those who are in a hurry, lost themselves, poor and homeless are still husbands! Still a husband!

Comment and analysis

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In the winter of the seventh year of Shunzhi, I started from Xiaogang and planned to go to Jiaochuan County, so that bookish people could follow me with books bound with boards. At that time, the sun had set and the clouds in the evening surrounded the mountains. Seeing that there were still two miles from the city, he asked the boatman, "Can you still get to the south gate?" The boatman looked at the boy carefully and replied, "Take your time, you can still catch up. If you leave soon, you will close it. " I thought he was joking with me. I was angry and left quickly. On the way, the extremely young man fell down, the rope that tied the book broke and the book was scattered. He cried and didn't get up at once. When we packed our books, tied them up and moved on, the city gate was closed and bolted. It dawned on me that what the boatman said was very reasonable. This is the case with people who fail in the world because of impatience and don't go home until dark! Just like this!

26. Fight for the Goose

In the past, when people saw a wild goose, they would shoot it with a bow and say, "Catch it and cook it." His brother argued: "Yan Shu is suitable for cooking, and Hunan smoke is suitable for burning." Actually, I called and sued the club, and the club let the goose cook and burn it. If you try to catch geese, you will fly far away. (Liu Yuanqing's "Xian Lei Bian")

Comments on it tell people that things should be prioritized, otherwise nothing will be achieved.

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Once upon a time, a man saw a wild goose coming and was going to shoot it down with a bow. He said, "Cook it as soon as it comes down." The younger brother objected and argued, "The goose is well cooked, but it is well roasted." The two quarreled all the way to the old elder, asking him to distinguish right from wrong. The elder said, "Just cook half and bake half." The two brothers agreed happily. But when I went to shoot the geese again, the geese had already flown to the horizon.

27. Bullfighting map

The original horse Zheng Hui tasted the bullfighting pictures collected by Qi Zhen. The leisure day exhibition was exposed in front of the hall. Laugh at the loss of rent. If you doubt, ask why. Yes, he said, "farmers don't know painting, but they know real cows." When Fang Qi was in the bullfight, his tail was caught between his beards, although his muscles could not come out. " This picture shows its tail, which seems to be different. "The public was impressed. (Lonely Wake Magazine Zeng Minxing)

Commenting on this story tells us that "practice makes true knowledge". Practice is the source of knowledge, and human knowledge cannot be separated from social practice. Although Dai Song is an expert in painting, he can't get a correct understanding because he didn't practice deeply and didn't understand the habits of cattle. The shepherd boy, who deals with cattle every day, will naturally understand the habits of cattle.

Ma Zhijie took this photo of the bullfight from the bottom of the box and put it in the sun in front of the hall. A farmer came to pay taxes and saw this picture. He looked at it and couldn't help laughing. Ma Zhijie was surprised to be around, so he asked the farmer, "Do you know how to draw? What's funny about this picture? The farmer replied, "I'm just a farmer." I don't know how to draw, but I know a lot about live cattle. "When a cow fights, it must put its tail tightly between its thighs, no matter how strong it is, it can't be pulled out. But look at this photo of the bullfight. Two cows are fighting angrily, but their tails are held high. This is completely different from the actual situation! " Ma Zhijie listened and admired the farmer's knowledge.

On the 28th, state officials set fire to it.

Harada dengzuo county, self-taboo (2) its name. Those who touch will be angry, and many officials and soldiers will be blamed. Therefore, this state is called "light" and "fire". Shangyuan (3) put the lights on, and the list of official books in the city was announced, saying, "The state government set fire to it for three days as usual." (Lu You's Notes on Old Learning Temple)

Comment on this passage. Metaphor can be evil above, but it is limited everywhere below.

In the Song Dynasty, there was a state official named Tiandeng, who was very afraid to use his own name. Because "light" and "Deng" are homophonic, it is impossible to say "light" but only "fire". If people accidentally offend, Tian Dengmo will fly into a rage. On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the whole state celebrates the Lantern Festival and puts on lanterns as usual. When the government posted notices, it was taboo to use the word "light", so all the notices said "the country set fire to it for three days as usual". Many outsiders were surprised to see this scene. After asking the reason, they sarcastically said, "Really, only state officials can set fires, and people are not allowed to light lamps!"

29. Song Jianji

In the original text, there are several notes of the Song Dynasty in public houses. Occasionally, a famous calligrapher from Wuzhong came, or sarcastically said, "Your paper is very good. Why don't you ask a public for his calligraphy for fun? " Gong said, "Do you want to ruin my paper?" Save the Song Notes and let the Song people draw them! "(Zhang Ming's paranormal" Don't Remember Immortals ")

The commentary appeals to the world not to stick to the times, but to keep pace with the times.

Yugong's home contains notes of several songs. A famous painter and calligrapher came to Wuzhong. Someone persuaded Yu Gong to say, "Your paper is very good. Why not give it to famous painters and enjoy it in your spare time? " Yu Gong said, "Do you want to ruin my paper?" You should invite Song people to draw the paper you kept! "

30. Southern Orange and Northern Orange

Yanzi, the king of Chu, gave Yanzi wine. When the wine was finished, two officials tied one to the king. The king said, "What about those who are bound?" He said, "Qi people are also thieves." The King of Qi looked at Yan Zi and said, "Are Qi people good at stealing?" Yan Zi avoided the table and said, "The baby heard that oranges were born in Huainan and oranges were born in Huaibei. Leaves are similar to paints, but they taste different. What's that? Soil and water are different. Now people's livelihood is better than Qi's. If they go to Chu, they will steal things. If you get soil and water without Chu, then the people are good at stealing. "

Comments on the southern oranges will become bitter oranges when transplanted to the north of Huaihe River. Metaphor means that the same species varies due to different environmental conditions. Later generations used "orange in the south and orange in the north" to describe the influence of environment on people. In modern Chinese, it seems to be used in a slightly derogatory place to describe something "alienated" or "deteriorated" because of the change of environment.

Yan Zi sent an emissary to Chu State, and the King of Chu hosted a banquet for Yan Zi. When the wine was drunk, two officials tied a man to see the king of Chu. The king of Chu asked, "What did the tied man do?" Answer: "He is from Qi State and is stealing." The king of Chu looked at Yan Zi and said, "Do people in Qi like stealing?" Yan Zi left the banquet and replied, "I heard that oranges grow in Huainan, which means oranges, and in Huaibei, which means oranges. Although the leaves are similar, its fruit tastes different. Why is this happening? Water is different from soil. Today, people's livelihood grows in Qi, but they steal when they enter Chu. Does the soil and water of Chu make people like to steal? "