The discussion on "Fair Play" should be slowed down
A solution to the problem
Mr. Shang Yutang [2] once talked about it in the 57th issue of "Yu Si" "Fair play" (3
], I think this kind of spirit is the most difficult to come by in China, so we have to work hard to encourage it; and it is enough to say that we don't "beat down the dog in the water"
The meaning of "Fairplay". I don't understand English, so I don't know what the meaning of this word is. If it is not "beating the lost dog"
that is, this kind of spirit, then I would like to discuss it. However, if the title does not directly say "beating a drowned dog", it is to avoid touching the eyes. That is to say, it does not necessarily mean to have a "righteous horn" on the head [4]. All in all, it is just that the "dog in the water" cannot be beaten at the beginning, or it should be beaten.
Second Discussion: There are three types of "drowned dogs", most of which can be beaten
Today's commentators often compare "killing a tiger to death" with "killing a drowned dog", thinking that both are similar. Yu humble[5]. I think
Those who "kill tigers" pretend to be timid and brave, which is quite funny. Although it is unavoidable that they are cowardly, they are so timid that it is endearing. As for "beating a drowned dog", it's not that simple. It depends on the type of dog and how it fell into the water. When looking at the reasons for falling into the water, there are probably three types: (1) the dog slipped and fell into the water, (2) the dog fell into the water by others, and (3) the dog fell into the water himself. If you encounter the first two types, you will immediately agree to fight, which is naturally too boring, or even close to cowardice; but if you fight with the dog and beat it into the water with your own hands, even if you use a bamboo pole
Hitting him severely in the water seems to be nothing serious and cannot be discussed in the same way as the first two.
It is said that a brave boxer will never hit his opponent who has fallen to the ground. This is a model for us. But I think there is one more thing that needs to
be added, that is, the opponent must also be a brave fighter. After a defeat, he may feel ashamed and regret himself and never come again, or he must come to meet him in a grand manner
< p>Retaliation, of course, is all right. As for dogs, we cannot use this as an example to compare them with their equal opponents, because no matter how wildly they howl, they actually do not understand any "morality"; besides, dogs can float, so they must It still has to climb to the shore, but if you don't pay attention, it will first shake its body and sprinkle water droplets on people's bodies and faces, and then escape with its tail between its legs. But then the temperament remained the same. Honest people regard its falling into the water as being baptized, thinking that it must have repented and will not bite anyone again. This is really a big mistake.In short, if it is a biting dog, I think it can be beaten, whether it is on the shore or in the water.
Three Discussions: The pug must be knocked into the water, and it cannot be beaten.
The pug is called a pug, but in the south it is called a pug. However, listen It is said that it is a specialty of China. It often wins gold medals in dog racing events of all countries. In the dog photos of "Encyclopedia Britannica", many of them are our Chinese pitbulls.
This is also a kind of national glory. But aren’t dogs and cats enemies? Although it is a dog, it is very much like a cat. It is compromise, fair, and harmonious
. It can be said that it is even-tempered, and it can be extreme even if it is others. Only it has achieved the "golden mean" [6] 〕like face.
Therefore, it is loved by rich people, eunuchs, wives and ladies, and its seeds are endless. Its career is just to use its smart fur to be supported by nobles, or when ladies at home and abroad go out on the street, they have thin chains tied around their necks and heels.
You should hit it first when it falls into the water, and then hit it from there; if it falls into the water on its own, you might as well hit it from there, but
If you are too friendly, naturally you won’t be able to hit it. You can fight, but you don’t have to sigh for it. If pugs can be tolerant, there is no need to beat other dogs
because although they are very snobbish, they are still a bit like wolves and have wild nature, so they will not sit on the fence like this.
The above is mentioned in passing and does not seem to have much to do with this question.
Four. Whether or not to "beat a drowned dog" is misleading
In short, whether a drowned dog should be beaten depends on its attitude after it climbs ashore.
The nature of a dog will never change. Even if it happens ten thousand years later, it may be different from now, but what I want to talk about now is the present.
If you think that after falling into the water, you are very pitiful, then there are many animals that harm people, and they are cholera bacteria. Although they reproduce very quickly, they have such an honest character. However, the doctor would never let it go.
Nowadays, bureaucrats, local gentry or foreign gentry, as long as they don’t agree with themselves, they say it is red and communist; before the first year of the Republic of China
It was slightly different. The Kang Party, and later the Revolutionary Party,[7] even went so far as to report to officials. Although they were preserving their dignity, they were not without the so-called "dyed red roof with human blood" at that time. The meaning of "child" [8]. But the revolution finally started, and a group of arrogant gentlemen immediately behaved like bereaved dogs and tied their pigtails on their heads.
The Revolutionary Party also has a new spirit -
The new spirit that the gentlemen hated so much before is "civilized" enough; it is said to be "salt and reform" [9], but we will not fight
As for the drowned dogs, just let them climb up. So they climbed up and hid until the second half of the second year of the Republic of China, during the Second Revolution [10
], when they emerged and helped Yuan Shikai bite many revolutionaries to death, and China sank into darkness day by day. Here, until now
Now, not to mention the old and the old, there are still so many young and old. This is because of the martyrs' good intentions and compassion for ghosts and monsters, which caused them to multiply. Afterwards, the savvy young people will spend more and more energy and lives in order to resist the dark plan.
Ms. Qiu Jin [11] died as a whistleblower. After the revolution, she was temporarily called a "female heroine". Nowadays, she is rarely mentioned.
With the revolution, her hometown had a governor, which is equivalent to the so-called military governor now, who was also her comrade: Wang Jinfa [12]. He caught the mastermind of her murder [13], collected the informant files, and wanted to avenge her.
However, the conspirator was finally released. It is said that it was because the Republic of China had become a republic and everyone should not rekindle old grudges. But after the second revolution failed, Wang Jinfa was shot by Yuan Shikai's lackeys, and the most powerful one was the mastermind he released who had killed Qiu Jin.
This person has now "died", but it is still the same kind of people who continue to haunt there, so Qiu Jin
's hometown is still the same hometown. Year after year, there was no progress. From this point of view, Ms. Yang Yinyu and Mr. Chen Xiying, who grew up in a famous city that can serve as a model for China, are truly blessed.
Five Discussions: The fallen characters should not be compared with the "drowned dogs"
"Offending without correcting" (16) is the way of forgiveness, "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" (17) is the straight way . Most of the people in China are in vain: If you don’t beat the drowned dog, you will be bitten by the dog. However, this is actually an honest person asking for trouble.
As the saying goes: "Loyalty is another name for useless", it may be a bit too harsh, but if you think about it carefully, I feel that it is not an instigation to others
It is a summary of many things that are said about doing evil. Aphorisms after painful experiences. For example, there are probably two reasons for not hitting a drowned dog:
One is the inability to hit; the other is the wrong proportion. Let alone the former; there are two big mistakes in the latter: one is to mistakenly regard the fallen person and the drowned dog
as the same, and the second is not to distinguish between the good and the bad of the fallen person, so they treat them as the same. Invariably, the result is indulgence in evil. That is to say, speaking of the present, because
the political situation is unstable, and it is like a wheel. Bad people rely on icebergs to do whatever they want. Once they make a mistake, they suddenly beg for mercy.
And Honest people who have seen or been bitten by it suddenly regard it as a "drunk dog". Not only do they not beat it, but they even feel sorry for it. They think that justice has been done and chivalry is this. Time is here with me. Little did he know that it really fell into the water. The nest had been built a long time ago, and the food had been stored in sufficient quantities, and it was all in the concession. Although sometimes it seems to be injured, in fact it is not. At most, it is just pretending to be lame in order to arouse people's sympathy and avoid it calmly. When he comes back one day, he still bites the honest man first, "throwing stones into the well" (18), and does everything. Looking for the reason, part of it is precisely because the honest man doesn't "shoot the dog in the water"
Therefore. Therefore, to put it more harshly, it is wrong to dig your own holes and bury them yourself, and to blame others.
Six Discussions: It is not possible to just "Fair" now
Renant people may ask: So, do we not want to "Fair"? I can answer right away: Of course, yes, but it’s still early. This is the method of "asking you to enter the urn" [19]. Although benevolent people may not be willing to use it, I can still make sense.
Don’t native gentry or foreign gentry often say that China has its own special national conditions and foreign equality, freedom, etc. cannot be applied? I
thought this "Fairplay" was one of them. Otherwise, if he doesn't "feel" you, but you "feel" him, the result will always be that you will suffer a loss. "It's bad" and it's not available. Therefore, if you want to "Fear",
it is best to first see the opponent clearly. If it is someone who is not worthy of the "Fear", you can be honest and rude; wait until it also "Fear"
It's not too late to talk to it about "Fair".
This seems very suspicious of advocating dual morality, but it is also out of necessity, because otherwise, China will not be able to have a better path
. China now has many dual moralities, master and slave, male and female, all have different moralities and have not yet been unified. It would be too biased and too early to treat
"drowned dogs" and "drowned people" equally. Just as the gentlemen call freedom and equality
it is not bad, but in China it is It feels like it's too early. Therefore, if someone wants to implement the "Fairplay" spirit generally, I think at least it must wait until the so-called "reservoir dog" becomes popular. But now it is naturally not impossible, that is, as mentioned above: you must see your opponent clearly.
And there must be equal differences, that is, "Fear" will treat the opponent according to how he falls into the water. No matter how he falls into the water, he will help him
if he is a human, he will not care if he is a dog, and he will help him if he is a bad dog. Hit it. In a nutshell: "Parties are united and opposed by those who are different" (20).
The famous sayings of gentlemen who are full of "principles" [21] and talk about "justice" should be left aside for the time being, even if they are the axioms shouted by sincere people. , in today's China, it is still unable to save good people, and even protects bad people. Because when bad people succeed and abuse good people, even if someone shouts for justice, they will never listen. The shouting will only stop at shouting, and the good people will still suffer. However, occasionally, good people may get up a little, and bad people should have fallen into the water. However, the sincere theorists say "don't retaliate
", "be kind and forgive", "don't fight evil with evil" "Ah..." he shouted loudly. This time it actually worked, and it was not an empty shout:
The good people just thought it was true, and the bad people were saved. But after he was saved, he just thought he had taken advantage and never repented; and because he had already set up three camps and was good at scheming, he soon became as powerful as ever and did evil as before. Same. At this time, the theorist will naturally scream again, but this time he will not listen to you.
However, the Qingliu of the Han Dynasty and the Donglin of the Ming Dynasty (22) were defeated by "the disease was too severe" and "too hasty", and the commentators also Often reproach them like this. Who knows that side, why not "treat good with evil as much as hatred"? People didn't say a word
. If light and darkness cannot fight a thorough battle in the future, and honest people mistake indulgence in evil for tolerance and continue to tolerate it, then the current state of chaos can be endless.
Seven Thesis: "Treat the other person's body in his own way" [23]
Chinese people either believe in traditional Chinese medicine or western medicine. Nowadays, in larger cities, they often believe in both. There are two kinds of medicine, each in its own right. I think
this is indeed a very good thing. If it can be generalized, there will be far fewer complaints, or the world will be able to achieve Zhizhi rule. For example
The common courtesy in the Republic of China was to bow, but if someone thought it was wrong, he would be made to kowtow. There is no flogging in the laws of the Republic of China. If someone thinks that corporal punishment is good, he will be spanked when he commits a crime. Bowls, chopsticks, and food are designed for today's people. Those who wish to be the people of the Suiren family [
24] should be invited to eat raw meat. Thousands of huts will be built, and Yao and Shun will be worshiped in the big house. All the high-ranking scholars were pulled out to live there. Those who opposed material civilization should naturally not be allowed to ride in cars. By doing this, it is true that "there is no need to complain if you seek benevolence and gain benevolence" [25], and our ears will be much purer.
But unfortunately, everyone is always unwilling to do this, and prefers to discipline others by themselves, so the world is troubled. "Fairplay" is particularly flawed
and can even become a weakness, giving evil forces an advantage. For example, Liu Paizhao beat up female normal college students [26], and the "Modern Review" did not even fart. Once the Female Normal University resumed, when Chen Xiying encouraged female college students to occupy the campus, she said, "If they< /p>
What if they don’t want to leave? Why don’t you use force to move their belongings away?” [27] Beating and pulling, but moving, it’s Liu Baizhao. Given the precedent, why is this time the only one "sorry"? This was because he smelled something "fee" about the Female Normal University. But this "Fear" turned into a weakness, and instead was used as a bodyguard for Zhang Shizhao's "Yi Ze".
Eight Conclusions
Maybe what I said above will arouse the old and the new, or some kind of dispute between the two factions, making the bad feelings deeper, or the stalemate becoming more intense. But
I dare to assert that the counter-reformers have never relaxed their poison against the reformers, and their methods have become more powerful
. Only the reformers are still sleeping and always suffer. Therefore, China always has no reforms. From now on, it is necessary to change some attitudes and methods.
Some attitudes and methods should be changed.
December 29, 1925.
〔1〕 This article was originally published in the first issue of the bimonthly magazine "Wangyuan" on January 10, 1926.
〔2〕 Lin Yutang (1895-1976) was a writer from Longxi, Fujian. In his early years, he studied in the United States and Germany.
He once served as a professor at Peking University and Beijing Women's Normal University, director of liberal arts at Xiamen University, and one of the contributors to "YuSi". At that time, he had a relationship with Lu Xun, but later broke off the relationship due to increasingly different positions and interests. In the 1930s, he edited magazines such as "The Analects of Confucius", "Humanshishi
" and "Universe Wind" in Shanghai. With a liberal attitude, he advocated "spirituality" and "humor" and contributed to the Kuomintang reactionary movement. Tong
Government whitewashes peace.
On December 14, 1925, he published the article "On the Style of Yusi - Stability, Swearing, and Fairplay" in the 57th issue of "Yusi", It said, "The spirit of 'Fairy' is the most difficult to come by in China, so we have no choice but to try our best to encourage it. There is very little spirit of 'Fairy' in China, let alone 'Fairy'. Only The so-called "reluctance to throw stones in the well" has this meaning. People who scold others must have this condition. If they can drive others, they must also be able to be scolded. And they should not be scolded again.
p>To attack, because what we are attacking is the idea and not the person. Take today's Duan Qirui and Zhang Shizhao as examples, we should no longer
attack their individuals."
〔3〕 "Fair play" is the transliteration of English Fair play, originally a term used in sports competitions and other competitions
It means an honest game without unfair means. Some people in the British bourgeoisie once advocated the use of this spirit in social life and party struggles. They believed that this was the cultivation and moral character that every bourgeois gentleman should have, and they called themselves British.
< p>The country is a country of Fairplay. But in fact, this is just a beautiful slogan used by the bourgeoisie to cover up its own ugliness and paralyze the people.〔4〕 "righteous angle" means false angle. Chen Xiying attacked Lu Xun in "Gossip", Volume 3, Issue 53 (December 12, 1925) of "Modern Commentary": "Flowers are loved by everyone, the devil Everyone hates it. However, because we want to be better than everyone else, we don’t hesitate to add colors to the petals and put prosthetic horns on the ghost’s head. Not only do we find it boring, but we also find it a bit fleshy.
Ma." It means: Lu Xun's articles are popular with readers because Lu Xun pretends to be a fighter in order to please readers.
〔5〕 Refers to Wu Zhihui, Zhou Zuoren, Lin Yutang and others. Wu Zhihui said in the article "Official - Communist Party - Wu Zhihui" published in the "Beijing News Supplement" on December 1, 1925: Now criticizing Zhang Shizhao, "It seems like killing an old tiger." Zhou Zuoren said in "Untitled" in the fifty-sixth issue of "Yusi" on the 7th of the same month: "Hitting a 'drowned dog' (meaning 'killing a tiger' in my hometown dialect
) is also It’s not a good thing... Once the tree falls and the hozens are scattered, where will they be found?
Besides, chasing the hozens on the plains is a bit boring and despicable." Lin Yutang said in "The Analects". In the article "Style of Style - Robustness, Swearing
, and Fairplay", I agree with Zhou Zuoren's opinion and believe that this is enough to supplement "the meaning of 'Fairplay'".
〔6〕 "The Doctrine of the Mean" Confucianism. "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye": "The golden mean is the virtue, it is the most perfect!"
Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty noted: "The golden mean is the name of neither fault nor inferiority; the golden mean is ordinary. ... Cheng Zi said : 'What is not biased is called the middle, and what is not easy is called the mean. The mean is the right way in the world, and the mean is the rule of the world.'"
[7] Kang Dang means that he has participated in it. He agreed with Kang Youwei and other people who launched the reform. Revolutionary party, that is, revolutionary party, refers to those who participated in and supported the anti-Qing revolution.
〔8〕 "Dyeing the hat red with human blood" Qing Dynasty officials wore hat hats of different materials and colors to distinguish their official ranks
The highest grade official wore rubies Or use red coral beads as the top of the hat. Bureaucrats and gentlemen in the late Qing Dynasty often used informing on and killing revolutionary party members as a means of promotion, so there was a saying at that time that "the crown is dyed red with human blood."
〔9〕 "Xian and the Restoration" The words can be found in "Shang Shu·Yin Zheng": "annihilate Jue Qukui, threaten to obey the rule, the old is stained with customs, salty
and the Restoration "The original intention is to give all those affected by bad habits the opportunity to abandon the old and start anew." This refers to the phenomenon of compromise between revolutionaries
and reactionary forces during the Revolution of 1911, and landlords and bureaucrats took advantage of this phenomenon.
〔10〕 The Second Revolution refers to the war launched by Sun Yat-sen against Yuan Shikai in July 1913. Compared with the Revolution of 1911
it is called the "Second Revolution". Before and after the rebellion against Yuan's army failed, Yuan Shikai ordered his lackeys to kill many revolutionaries.
〔11〕 Qiu Jin (1879?-1907), also known as Xuanqing, nicknamed Jingxiong, also known as Jianhu Nvxia, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province.
In 1904, he studied in Japan and actively participated in the revolutionary activities of students studying in Japan. He successively joined the Liberation Association and the Tongmenghui. Returning to China in the spring of 1906, he presided over the Datong Normal School in Shaoxing in 1907, organized the Liberation Army, and prepared for simultaneous uprisings in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces with Xu Xilin. After Xu Xilin's uprising failed, she was arrested by the Qing government on July 13 of the same year and killed in the early morning of the 15th at Xuantingkou, Shaoxing.
[12] Wang Jinfa (1882-1915), a native of Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province, was originally the leader of the Pingyang Party of the Hongmen Hui Party in eastern Zhejiang and later joined the Guangfuhui Party. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as the governor of the Shaoxing Military and Government Branch. After the second revolution, he was killed in Hangzhou by Yuan Shikai's lackey Zhu Rui, the governor of Zhejiang in July 1915.
〔13〕 The mastermind According to the plot described in this article, it refers to Zhang Jiemei, a big landowner in Shaoxing at that time.
When he was an aide to Zengyun, the governor of Zhejiang, he strongly encouraged the excavation and destruction of Qiu Jin's tomb beside the West Lake. After the Revolution of 1911, Wang Jinfa was arrested for corruption and bribery, and the destruction of Qiu Tomb. He was released by means of "donating" land. After escaping, he went to Beijing to serve as the secretary of Yuan Shikai's presidential palace. After the failure of the second revolution in 1913, Yuan Shikai ordered the return of the land he "donated". Soon after, he participated in Zhu Rui's murder of Wang Blond
's plan. According to the Qiu Jin case, the informer was Hu Daonan, an evil gentry in Shaoxing. He was executed by the revolutionaries in 1908.
〔14〕 The model city refers to Wuxi. Chen Xiying said in "Xiaohua" published in the 37th issue of the second volume of "Modern Review" (August 22, 1925): "Wuxi is a model county in China." .
〔15〕 Yang Yinyu (? - 1938) was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. He studied in the United States and became the president of Beijing Women's Normal University in 1924. She relied on the Beiyang warlords and oppressed students. She was one of the representatives who promoted imperialism and feudal enslavement education at that time.
〔16〕 "Offense without correcting" This is what Zeng Shen, a disciple of Confucius, said, see "The Analects of Confucius Taibo".
[17] "An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." Moses' words can be found in "Old Testament Deuteronomy": "An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a tooth." "Return a hand, a foot for a foot."
〔18〕 "Throwing stones into the well" is commonly known as "throwing stones into the well", which comes from "Liu Zihou's Epitaph" written by Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty: "Once." Faced with small interests, they are just like hairs. If you don't know each other, you will fall into a trap without using your hands to save it, and you will push back and throw stones. This is what Lin Yutang said in "The Analects of Confucius". The article "Style - Steady, Swearing, and Fairplay" says: "Reluctance to throw a stone into a well means Fairplay."
〔19〕 "Please enter the urn" is the story of Zhou Xing, a cruel official in the Tang Dynasty. See "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 204, Tianhou Tian
In the second year of the teaching: "Maybe tell Wenchang Youcheng Zhou Xing conspired with Qiu Shen Cui, and the Queen Mother ordered Junchen to kill him. Junchen and the judge Xingfang confronted each other and said: "If there are too many prisoners and they are not accepted, what should be done?" Xing said: "This is very easy! Take a big urn, burn it with charcoal on all sides, and put the prisoner in it." Junchen took the big urn and surrounded it with fire. "If you have any internal complaints, please come into this urn!" 》. It means to entangle partners and attack dissenters.
Chen Xiying once used this phrase in "Xiaohua", Volume 3, Issue 53 (December 12, 1925) of "Modern Review"
Alluding to attack Lu Xun: "Chinese people have no right and wrong. ... Anyone who is a member of the same party is good, and anyone who is not a party is bad." At the same time, they flaunted themselves: "In In a society where "parties are united and opposed", some people not only attack recognized enemies
, but also boldly criticize their friends. "
〔21" Chen Xiying and others tried their best to defend Yang Yinyu
during the Women's Normal University craze, and later organized the "Educational Justice Maintenance Association" to oppose the resumption of Women's Normal University. The "gentlemen" mentioned here refer to them
. See "Hua Gai Ji·The Trick of "Axiom"".
〔22〕 Qingliu refers to the imperial students Guo Tai and Jia Biao and ministers Li Ying, Chen Fan and others in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. They united
to criticize the government and expose the crimes of the eunuch group. In the ninth year of Yanxi (166), Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, they were framed by the eunuchs and charged with forming a clique for
rebellion. In more than ten years, seven to eight hundred people were killed, exiled and imprisoned four times, which was known in history as "the disaster of Party imprisonment". Donglin, the Donglin Party at the end of the Ming Dynasty. The main characters include Gu Xiancheng, Gao Panlong, etc. They gathered at Wuxi Donglin Academy to give lectures, discuss current affairs, criticize figures, and have a great influence on public opinion. Some of the more upright officials in the government also communicated with them, forming a political group dominated by upper-class intellectuals. In the fifth year of Qi tomorrow (1625), they were massacred by the eunuch Wei Zhongxian, and hundreds of them were killed.
〔23〕 "That is to treat the person with his own way." See Zhu Xi's annotation in Chapter 13 of "The Doctrine of the Mean".
〔24〕 Suirenshi is the earliest person in Chinese legend to drill wood to make fire, and one of the ancient "Three Emperors".
〔25〕 "If you seek benevolence and gain benevolence, what's the point of resentment?" The words can be found in "The Analects of Confucius·Shu'er".
〔26〕 Liu Baizhao, a native of Wugang, Hunan, once served as the director of the Special Education Department of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government. In August 1925, Zhang Shizhao dissolved the Women's Normal University and established a new women's university. He sent Liu Baizhao to organize it. On the 22nd, Liu hired a gangster female beggar to beat her
female normal college students and forcibly dragged them out of school.
〔27〕 In November 1925, the female normal college students won the struggle and announced the resumption of school, and classes continued at the original location.
At this time
Chen Xiying published "Xiaohua" in the 54th issue of the third volume of "Modern Review" (December 19, 1925)
, said the words quoted here, inciting women's university students to occupy the school building and disrupt the resumption of the Women's Normal University.