When Kennan met Malik for the first time, he obliquely expressed the intention of the American authorities to achieve a Korean armistice through negotiations on the 38th parallel.
Over the past year, the U.S. authorities have paid more than 654.38 million casualties, transported/kloc-0.50 million tons of military equipment to North Korea, and spent more than/kloc-0.00 billion dollars on direct war.
Qi Dexue, former Deputy Minister of Military History Research Department of Academy of Military Sciences:
We fought the fifth battle. In mid-May, the National Security Council of the United States specially studied this issue. The goal is to achieve a truce through negotiations along the 38th parallel. He called it a decent truce and finally sent a memorandum to Li Qiwei.
The American authorities are well aware that it is impossible to reach the Yalu River only by relying on the strength of the "United Nations Army" on the battlefield, and the countries participating in the "United Nations Army" operation have long been reluctant to continue to be tied to American chariots. This prompted the American authorities to seriously consider the way out of the Korean War.
Where is the door to negotiations with China?
Acheson later said in his memoirs, "Yes, so we looked around like a pack of hounds for clues." He even sent people to Hong Kong to try their luck, but the result was in vain.
Acheson had to lower himself. Jean George Kennan went to see Yakov Malik, the Soviet representative to the United Nations, and indirectly conveyed to Beijing the message that the United States hoped for peace talks.
Luo Yuan, former deputy director of the World Military Research Department of the Academy of Military Sciences:
In order to cooperate with this negotiation, what can't be obtained on the battlefield can't be obtained at the negotiating table. To have chips at the negotiating table means to annihilate the enemy in large numbers.
There will be two fronts in front of Mao Zedong: the military front and the political front. One is to fight and the other is to talk.
The new guideline has matured in Mao Zedong's mind, that is, fully prepare for a protracted war and strive for peace talks to end the war.
Shao, an expert on the history of the CPC:
In the past two years, we have been negotiating and trying to promote the negotiations. There are two right-hand men, relying on Peng; Talking about Zhou Enlai.
There is a "Laifengzhuang" about two kilometers northwest of Kaicheng at the foot of Songshan Mountain in the central and western part of the Korean Peninsula.
1951July 10, the Korean armistice negotiations were formally held here.
This will be a long and unprecedented special game.
* * * The Central Committee decided to appoint Deng Hua and Xie Fang as volunteers' negotiators. General Rinan, chief of staff of the People's Army appointed by Kim Il Sung, is the chief representative. Li Xiangchao, director of the Reconnaissance Bureau of the People's Army General Command, and Zhang Pingshan, chief of staff of the 1 Army, served as negotiators.
Photo: From left to right are Xie, Deng Hua, Rinan, Li Xiangchao and Zhang Pingshan.
At the same time, Li Kenong, Vice Foreign Minister of China and Minister of Information Department of the Central Military Commission, presided over the work of the DPRK-China delegation, and Joe, Deputy Director of the Policy Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Director of the International Information Department, assisted Li Kenong in his work.
In the United States, Li Qiwei appointed Lieutenant General Turner Joe, commander of the US Far East Navy, as the chief representative of the armistice negotiations of the "United Nations Army".
The other four representatives are Major General Lawrence Kreiger, Deputy Commander of the US Far East Air Force, Major General Henry Hodge, Deputy Chief of Staff of the US Eighth Army, Major General Olin Burke, Deputy Chief of Staff of the US Far East Navy, and Major General Bai Shanye of the Korean Army.
On the morning of July 10/0, the Korean armistice negotiations officially began. The delegations of the two sides put forward their own suggestions, but due to great differences, the first day of formal negotiations ended after the two sides only put forward their own views.
On July 13, Li Qiwei, Commander-in-Chief of the "United Nations Army", proposed the establishment of a neutral zone. On June 4th, 65438, Li Kenong was instructed and told Kim Il Sung and Peng that they could agree to establish a neutral zone. In this way, a neutral zone is established within a radius of 5 miles around the city.
On July 26th, based on the proposal put forward by the DPRK and China, the two sides reached an agreement on the agenda.
Figure: Agreement content
From July 27, the Korean armistice negotiations entered the substantive negotiation stage.
After the negotiations on the military demarcation line began, North Korea and China proposed the 38th parallel as the military demarcation line. Joe, the chief representative of the "United Nations Army", said that the frontline of the ground forces could not reflect the actual strength of the two armies. The "United Nations Army" has the advantages of navy and air force, and we should be compensated. At the same time, they took out their own pre-drawn map of the military demarcation line and drew the military demarcation line dozens of kilometers behind the front lines of the Volunteers and the People's Army in an attempt to seize 1.2 million square kilometers without fighting.
On the spot, the DPRK-China delegation sternly refuted the unreasonable demand of the US to show off its air and sea superiority. Joe, the chief representative of the "United Nations Army", was speechless, and the two sides sat quietly for 132 minutes.
What is even more ridiculous is that Joe put forward the opposite reason for the naval and air force superiority compensation, that is, they should also compensate for their weak army.
After entering mid-August, the United States still showed no signs of giving in. The negotiation turned into repeating the same proposal and the same rejection. This unchangeable routine makes every negotiation become a "sit-in", and the shortest negotiation takes 25 seconds to adjourn.
Don't talk to each other, no one on both sides holds hands, shakes hands, doesn't talk, and sits away. He goes first, and we go later.
There was no progress in the negotiations at the meeting, but there were constant provocations by the "United Nations Army" outside the meeting.
On August 19, nine volunteers' gendarmes, led by platoon leader Yao, were patrolling eastward along the highland north of Songguling in the southwest of Panmunjom when they were suddenly shot by officers and men of the South Korean army, and Yao died on the spot.
However, the blood of the martyr Yao has not yet dried. On the night of August 22, a US military plane illegally invaded the site of the Kaesong Neutral Zone, targeting the residence of the DPRK delegation and carrying out bombing and strafing.
In order to prevent the "United Nations Army" from continuing to deny it, Li Kenong immediately ordered to protect the scene and immediately informed the other party to investigate. Two hours later, Colonel Kenny, Colonel Mullai and other American representatives arrived at the scene, but refused to admit it in front of witnesses and physical evidence.
You want to fight when you talk, and you want to talk when you fight. The Korean armistice negotiations, which lasted for 45 days, were interrupted!
After the unreasonable request of the "United Nations Army" delegation was rejected by the DPRK, it openly threatened by force, saying, "Let bombs, cannons and machine guns debate."
After1951August 18, the "United Nations Army", with the support of aircraft, tanks and artillery, launched a summer offensive against the positions defended by three regiments of the Korean People's Army on the Eastern Front with an average of 6 to 13 battalions.
Peng's then military secretary:
In the summer offensive, the "United Nations Army" suffered 78,000 casualties, including 22,000 in the US military alone, and hit the Sad Ridge. There is no way to stop.
10 year 10 month 1 day, the commander of the Eighth Army of the United States, Van Frith, issued the autumn combat order. Poke the video to see how the volunteers can defend themselves against the arrogance of the "United Nations Army"!
125 October,195 10, representatives of the "United Nations forces" returned to the negotiating table and resumed negotiations with representatives of the DPRK, and the negotiating place was changed to Panmunjom, south of Kaesong.
During the two-month summer and autumn offensive, the "United Nations Army" not only failed to meet its unreasonable demand of1.2000 square kilometers, but paid the price of more than1.5000 casualties, so it had to give up its unreasonable demand and accepted the plan proposed by the DPRK that the actual contact line between the two sides should be taken as the military demarcation line, and each side should retreat for two kilometers as the demilitarized zone.
165438+1October 27th, the two sides reached an agreement on the military demarcation line.