About the author: Hugo was born in Besan?on, a provincial city in eastern France close to Switzerland. His father was a general under Napoleon. When he was a child, Hugo was stationed in Spain with his father at the age of 10. He returned to Paris to go to school, graduated from high school and entered law school, but his interest lay in writing. When he was 15 years old, he won the prize in the poetry competition of the French Academy. When he was 17 years old, he won the first place in the "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition". As a reward, he wrote a lot of exotic poems. Later, he was disappointed with both the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poetic dramas and scripts, and several novels with distinctive characteristics and implementation of his ideas. Hugo was elected as an academician of the French Academy in 1841, and took office as a member of the Academy in 1845. After the February Revolution in 1848, he served as a representative of the French Parliament. In 1851, when Napoleon III proclaimed himself emperor, Hugo rose up in opposition and was forced to go into exile. During his exile, he wrote a political satirical poem "Punishment". Each chapter is accompanied by a policy statement of Napoleon III, which is satirized and compared with the achievements of Napoleon I and the humiliation of Napoleon III. After the bloodless revolution in France in 1870 overthrew Napoleon III, Hugo returned to Paris. Hugo wrote numerous works throughout his life, covering all fields of literature. Critics believe that his creative ideas are the closest to modern ideas. After his death, the whole country in France mourned him, and he was buried in the Panthéon, which gathers memorial plaques for French celebrities. Hugo's romantic deeds that are most talked about by the French are: when he was 30 years old, he met the 26-year-old actress Juliette Drouet and fell in love. From then on, whether they were together or apart, Hugo would give her every day. She wrote a love letter until her death at the age of 75. She never stopped for nearly 50 years and wrote nearly 20,000 letters. The dominant idea throughout Hugo's life activities and creations was humanitarianism - opposing violence and defeating "evil" with love. Hugo experienced almost all the major events in France in the 19th century. He wrote many poems, novels, scripts, various essays, literary criticism and political articles throughout his life, and was an influential figure in France. Hugo's creative process lasted for more than 60 years. His works include 26 volumes of poetry, 20 volumes of novels, 12 volumes of plays, and 21 volumes of philosophical works, totaling 79 volumes, adding a very brilliant culture to the treasure house of French literature and human culture. heritage. His representative works are: the novels "Notre Dame de Paris", "Les Misérables", "Sea Laborers", "The Laughing Man" and "1993", and the collection of poems "Light and Shadow". And "Letter to Captain Butler on the British-French Allied Forces Expedition to China", short story: "The Disaster of the "Normandy"", etc. Hugo was born in Besancon, eastern France, in 1802. His grandfather was a carpenter, and his father was an officer in the French Army. He was awarded the rank of general by Napoleon's brother, King Joseph 6?1 Bonaparte of Spain, and was a close confidant of the king. Hugo was talented and intelligent. He started writing poetry at the age of 9. He returned to Paris to go to school at the age of 10. After graduating from middle school, he entered law school to study. However, his interest lies in writing. When he was 15 years old, he wrote "The Joy of Reading" at the Collège de France and was awarded by the French Academy. At the age of 17, he won the first place in the "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition". At the age of 20, he published the collection of poems "Ode". He was rewarded by Louis XVIII for praising the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty. Since then, he has written a large number of exotic poems. Later, he was disappointed with both the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poetic dramas and scripts. He has written a large number of novels with distinctive characteristics and implemented his ideas. In 1827, Hugo published the play "Cromwell" and its preface. Although the script was not performed, the preface was considered a declaration of French Romanticism and became an epoch-making document in the history of literature. It played a great role in promoting the development of French romantic literature. In 1830, Hugo's play "Onani" was performed at the Grand Theater of the French Academy, which had a huge impact and established the dominant position of Romanticism in the French literary world. "Onani" tells the story of Onani, a robber born in a noble family in Spain who rebelled against the king in the 16th century. Hugo praised the robber's chivalry and nobility and showed a strong anti-feudal tendency. In July 1830, the "July Revolution" occurred in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, praised those revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn those heroes who died in street fighting. "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" published in 1831 is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of the novel is twists and turns, tense, vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary. The story takes place in the Middle Ages. On "April Fool's Day", wandering Gypsy entertainers performed songs and dances in the square. A Gypsy girl named Esmeralda attracted passers-by. She was beautiful and danced very gracefully. At this time, Claude Frollo, the deputy bishop of Notre Dame de Paris, was suddenly fascinated by the beautiful Meralda. The fire of lust burned in his heart and he fell madly in love with her. So he ordered the church bell ringer, the extremely ugly Quasimodo, to snatch Esmeralda away. As a result, Phoebus, the French king's archer captain, rescued Esmeralda and captured Quasimodo. He took the bell ringer to the square to be whipped. The kind-hearted Gypsy girl ignored the past grudge and gave Quasimo more water to drink. This move moved Qi Chou very much. Tears flowed from his dry eyes for the first time. Although the bell ringer is ugly in appearance, he is pure and noble in his heart. He is very grateful to Esmeralda and repays her later in the story.

The innocent Esmeralda fell in love with Phoebus at first sight. When the two were dating, Frollo followed quietly. Out of jealousy, he stabbed Phoebus with a knife and ran away. As a result, Esmeralda was accused of being a "witch" and a "murderer" by the long-hated church. Esmeralda was beaten and sentenced to death. Quasimodo snatched Esmeralda from the gallows and hid her in Notre Dame Cathedral. The poet Gringoire lured the beggars who rescued Esmeralda into fighting Quasimodo. After Frollo found Esmeralda, he actually expressed his love to her again. After being rejected, he handed her over. Given to the king's troops, Esmeralda was sent to the gallows. Quasimodo, desperate after losing Esmeralda, pushed the archdeacon from the top of a tall building and fell to death. He hugged Esmeralda's body until it weathered. The novel shows Hugo's strong hatred for the feudal government and the church, and also reflects his deep sympathy for the lower class people. In fact, judging from the full text, compared with the captain of the guard and the ungrateful poet who plays with Esmeralda's feelings, the deputy bishop Claude Frollo, who has always appeared as the biggest villain, is more in love with Esmeralda. What is true is that he was unable to express this because of his position, and finally went to extremes in pain. This is also the author's strong criticism of the "abstinence" of medieval feudal ethics. After the "July Revolution", France established the "July Dynasty" ruled by the big bourgeoisie headed by the financier Louis Philippe. The July Dynasty continued to win over Hugo, and in 1841 Hugo was elected to the French Bachelor's degree. In 1845, Louis Philippe made him the Minister of the French Nobility, and he also became a member of the House of Nobles. Hugo's passion for struggle in his creation weakened. In 1843, he wrote a mystical play "The Garrison", which was booed by the audience during the performance and failed. Hugo remained silent for nearly 10 years without writing. In June 1848, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July Dynasty and established the French Republic. At first Hugo did not understand the revolution, but when the big bourgeoisie conspired to destroy the Republic of China, Hugo became a staunch communist and pacifist. In December 1851, Louis 6?1 Bonaparte launched a coup, and Hugo participated in the anti-coup uprising organized by the Communist Party. After Louis 6?1 Bonaparte came to power, he established the Second French Empire. He implemented a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed those who resisted. Hugo was also persecuted and had to go into exile. During his exile, Hugo persisted in his struggle against Napoleon III. He wrote political satirical pamphlets and political satirical poems, slamming Napoleon III's dictatorship. During this period, he published the novels "Les Misérables", "Sea Laborers" and "The Man Who Laughs". "Les Misérables" is Hugo's masterpiece. The plot of the novel is roughly like this: Jean Valjean, a poor worker from a peasant background, once saw his sister's children crying from hunger, so he went to steal bread. Unfortunately, he was caught and sentenced to five years in prison. He escaped from prison several times, was caught and sentenced to an additional 14 years in prison, and ended up serving 19 years in prison for a piece of bread. After being released from prison, Jean Valjean was looked down upon by people everywhere. He had no job and no food. He vowed to take revenge on society. At this time, a bishop named Bian Fulu influenced him, and he was determined to do good deeds and become a good person. He changed his name to Madelan, set up a factory in a city, and became a rich man. He provided employment opportunities for poor people, gave them food, and gave them houses. He was always willing to help others and was elected mayor by the citizens. At this time, a girl named Fantine came to the city. She was originally a rural girl who went to work in the city and was tricked into giving birth to a daughter. She fostered her daughter Cosette in the home of an innkeeper. The boss was a villain and took the opportunity to blackmail her. Fantine was forced to sell her beautiful hair and teeth, and then sold herself as a prostitute. In the end, she was poor and dying of illness. Agen immediately went to take care of her after hearing about it and promised to raise her daughter Cosette after her death. At this time, policeman Javert was hunting down the slave laborer Jean Valjean who had been missing for many years. In the city of Madeleine, he caught a poor worker, thinking he was Jean Valjean, and was going to send him to prison. In order to save this innocent worker , Jean Valjean stepped forward and took the initiative to admit his identity. He fell into the hands of the police again, and on the way to prison he managed to escape. Jean Valjean immediately found Cosette and took her to hide in a remote monastery. Years later, Cosette has grown into a beautiful girl. She fell in love with Marius, a communist. In 1832, an uprising led by the Communists and the Party broke out in Paris, which was bloody suppressed by the July Monarchy. Marius was seriously injured, and Jean Valjean risked his life to rescue him through the sewer. At this time, Javert sneaked into the rebel team for reconnaissance, and was sentenced to death after being caught. Jean Valjean went to execute the order and shoot Javert, but Jean Valjean let Javert go. Javert was so ashamed in front of Jean Valjean's noble personality that he committed suicide by throwing himself into the river. Cosette and Marius got married, and the young people were very happy. Jean Valjean lived a lonely life, and finally he died in Cosette's arms. "Les Miserables" exposed the sharp contradictions and the disparity between rich and poor in capitalist society, described the painful fate of the lower class people, and raised three urgent issues in society at that time: "Poverty makes men miserable, hunger makes women degrade, and darkness makes children weak." ,” lashed out at the hypocrisy of bourgeois law. It comprehensively reflects the social and political life of France in the first half of the 19th century. Therefore, the novel is welcomed by people all over the world.

In the 20th century, it was adapted into movies many times, which also attracted countless audiences. The Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870. After France was defeated at Sedan, the Prussian army marched towards Paris. At this critical moment when the country was in danger, Hugo returned to his motherland after 19 years of exile. He gave speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to fight against the German invaders and defend the motherland. He also used the remuneration from his writings and poetry recitation to buy two cannons, showing his lofty patriotism. When the Paris Commune revolted, Hugo did not understand the revolution. But when the Commune failed and the reactionary government frantically suppressed the Communards, Hugo angrily condemned the reactionaries for their brutal behavior. He called for an amnesty for all Communards and announced in the newspaper that his residence in Brussels, the capital of Belgium, would be provided to the exiled Communards as a refuge. Place. For this reason, his home was attacked by reactionary thugs and he nearly died, but he still stood his ground. The first Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded in 1901, but Hugo died in 1885, so despite his high literary achievements, he still missed the Nobel Prize. Quote: The widest thing in the world is the ocean, wider than the ocean is the sky, and wider than the sky is the human mind. The future will belong to two kinds of people: those who think and those who work. In fact, these two kinds of people are the same kind of people, because thinking is also labor. Beyond the infallible revolution there is an infallible humanism. Human wisdom holds three keys, one for numbers, one for letters, and one for notes. Knowledge, thoughts, fantasies are there. What the world lacks is perseverance, not strength. Boldness is the price of progress. You should believe that you are the strong man in life. There are many thorns on the road of art, which is also a good thing. Most people are afraid of it, except those with strong will. Whoever wastes their years will lose their youth and life will abandon them. Laughter is like sunshine, driving away the winter on people's faces. It is better to accept reluctantly than to refuse honestly. It is the human heart that releases infinite light, and it is the human heart that creates boundless darkness. Books are tools for building the soul. People can survive only if they have material things; people can live life only if they have ideals. Where the feet cannot reach, the eyes can reach; where the eyes cannot reach, the spirit can fly. One more school means one less prison. Life is all about smiling. Man has two ears, one hears the voice of God and the other hears the voice of the devil. I would rather rely on my own strength to open up my future than seek the favor of a powerful person. The first hunger of mankind is ignorance. The noblest revenge is forgiveness.