Key points for intensive reading of the eleven volumes of Chinese language (People's Education Press Edition) in the first semester of the 2009-2010 school year

Key points for review of some units

First, Key points of the second unit

1. Visiting Friends in the Mountains

1. Author of "Visiting Friends in the Mountains" (Li Hanrong).

2. After-class exercises:

(1) Read the text emotionally. Talk about the "friends" the author visited in the mountains, and think about why the text is titled "Visiting Friends in the Mountains."

The "friends" the author visited turned out to be old bridges, birds, dewdrops, trees, mountain springs, streams, waterfalls, cliffs, white clouds, skylarks, fallen flowers, fallen leaves and all other natural friends.

The title of the text "Visiting Friends in the Mountains" reflects the main content of the article. The author uses "Visiting Friends in the Mountains" as the title using anthropomorphic techniques to call everything in nature friends, writing like this It can stimulate readers' interest in reading.

(2) Read the following sentences and realize the benefits of writing like this. Then find similar sentences from the text and copy them down.

①Ah, Old Bridge, you are like a respectable old man who has stood on this stream for hundreds of years, right?

The author compares "Old Bridge" to "an "A respected old man" not only writes about the age of the bridge, but also highlights its quality of serving the public in obscurity, fully expressing the author's praise and admiration for the bridge.

②When I walked into the woods, the birds called my name, and the dewdrops exchanged glances with me.

The anthropomorphic technique vividly expresses the tacit understanding and friendship between the author and the two friends, Bird and Dewdrop.

3. The Village of Grass and Insects

1. The author of "The Village of Grass and Insects" is (Guo Feng).

2. After-class exercises:

(1) Read the text emotionally. Think about what you saw in the "Village of Grass and Insects" following the author's gaze, and what impressed you most.

Together with the author, we saw the streets, alleys, "villagers" coming and going, colorful roundworms, huge lizards, beetle musicians, and food carriers in the village of grass insects. "Villagers", weather observers, construction engineers.

3. This is a prose, which is quite unique in its expression. The author gives full play to his rich imagination and uses (personification, metaphor) and other rhetorical techniques to vividly display a world of grass and insects in front of everyone.

(1) Rich imagination. The author saw a solitary bug crawling in the grass and imagined it as a "Ranger"; saw small round bugs with colorful flowers and imagined them as a "Girl from the South"; see When you see beetles vibrating their wings, imagine them (as "musicians"); when you see beetles walking pushing food, imagine them (as "laborers" returning from afar)... Rich imagination gives the little beetles a sense of (Brave, hard-working and intelligent) qualities, thus making each beautiful little beetle deeply imprinted in the hearts of readers.

(2) Rhetoric techniques of personification and metaphor. Villages were originally places where people lived together, and in the text, the author gives the grasshoppers a life style. The village of grass insects is actually nothing more than a cave where grass insects live, but in the eyes of the author, it is no different from the world of human life. There are streets, alleys, and all kinds of people there. They not only have a rich emotional world, but also have elegant artistic pursuits. They not only enjoy life, but also create life.

4. The overall structure of the article and the content of each part: (omitted)

5. Zhan Tianyou

1. Main content and center

2. The text describes the process of Zhan Tianyou presiding over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway from three aspects: (surveying the line), (drilling the tunnel), and (designing the "herringbone" line).

3. After-class exercises:

(1) Read the text emotionally. Discuss with classmates: From the descriptions in the text, we can see that Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer.

Many places in the text show that Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer. like. Faced with obstruction and ridicule from some imperialist countries. Zhan Tianyou resolutely accepted the task and creatively dug two tunnels, Juyongguan and Badaling. Designing a "herringbone" line: The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed two years ahead of schedule.

Giving a powerful counterattack to the imperialists who despised China, etc., all reflected Zhan Tianyou's patriotism and outstanding talents.

4. Read the text silently and know the different methods Zhan Tianyou used to dig the Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels.

6. Missing Mother

1. The author of the lesson "Missing Mother" is (Ji Xianlin). Understanding of the topic and the author's emotions: The text introduces the author's "equal high respect and equally sincere love" for two mothers - (one is the biological mother, the other is the mother of the motherland) in the form of (memory) , fully expressed (the author's eternal regret for his biological mother and his unchanging love for the mother of the motherland).

2. After-class exercises:

(2) Read the sentences, pay attention to the dotted parts, and answer the questions in conjunction with the context.

①My motherland, this is the first time I have left her. I don’t know why, but my mother also comes to sleep frequently. (What does "Come to dream frequently" mean? Do you know the reason why Motherland often comes to dream?)

"Come to dream frequently" means that Motherland often comes to dream. The author is far away from his homeland and living in a foreign country. Like a child leaving his mother's arms, he misses him endlessly. Especially since this is the first time for the author to leave the motherland, the image of the motherland keeps appearing in his heart. He thinks about it day and night, so "Motherland" keeps appearing in his dreams.

② However, this desolation is not the same as ordinary desolation. It is sweet, thick, and has an indescribable taste that sticks thickly in my heart. (Why do I feel desolate yet sweet when I think of my hometown and old friends?)

The author fully expresses his nostalgia for his motherland through comparison. Because the author is in a small town in a foreign country, he has sorrow and longing in his heart; but he keeps thinking of his relatives and friends in his homeland, and feels that they are everywhere, and naturally there is a little more comfort, some relief, and a little sweetness in his heart. They are so firmly imprinted on Deep in one's own memory, it accompanies the author when he is lonely. Therefore, when the author thinks of his hometown and old friends, although he feels sad in his heart, it is also sweet.

③I looked sadly at the gray sky, and in the light of tears, I imagined my mother’s face. (In your imagination, what does your mother's face look like?)

In the author's imagination, your mother's face is kind. Her weather-beaten face always has a smile on her eyes. Written full of love for his son. It expresses the author's deep longing for his mother.

Key points of the third and fourth units

9. Poor people

1. Main content: The text describes a cold windy night, when Sanna and the fisherman took the initiative to The story of the adoption of two children of late neighbor Simon.

2. Central idea: Praising Sanna and the fisherman’s good qualities of being willing to endure hardship themselves while also helping others.

3. Writer's works: This is a (short story) written by a famous (Russian) writer (Leo Tolstoy). The main works include "Childhood", "War and Peace", " Resurrection" etc.

4. The main functions of ellipses in the text:

The functions of ellipses in the text - Ellipses are used in many places in the text. The main functions are:

(1 ) indicates the intermittent nature of mental activity. For example, "She thought uneasily: 'What will he say? Is this a joke? His five children have been enough for him... Is he coming?... No, not yet!... ...Why bring them here? ...He will beat me! I deserve it. Well, just beat me up!' ”

(2) means omitting the increasing number of times. . For example, "The ancient clock struck ten, eleven times hoarsely..."

(3) It means that the words have not been finished and the meaning has not been exhausted. For example, "Thank God, I finally came back alive. ... I'm not here, what are you doing at home?"

(4) It means stammering and hesitating to speak. For example, "I... mend..."

5. Understand the key passages:

She thought uneasily: "What will he say? This is a joke Are you kidding me? His five children are enough for him... No, not yet!... Why are you bringing them here? ... He deserves to be beaten! , I brought it upon myself...Well, you might as well give me a beating!"

"Uneasy" means feeling uneasy. "Uneasy" describes feeling uneasy.

After Sanna took back the orphan, she faced her five children and thought about her husband whose life or death was uncertain. She was nervous and worried. She didn't know what her husband would say. She felt that she had added a burden to her husband and felt sorry for him; she I was worried that my husband would come back suddenly, and I didn’t know how to tell him that I had brought the orphan home. But she would rather let her husband beat her than adopt an orphan. The text truly shows Sanna's psychological activities at this time. It makes people feel the pressure that life brings to Sanna, and Sanna's beautiful heart that loves her husband, sympathizes with orphans, and would rather endure hardship herself than help others.

The continuous use of ellipses shows the intermittent psychological activities of Sanna at that time, and realistically writes Sanna's uneasy psychology.

11. The Only Audience

1. Author: Luoxue

2. Main content and central idea: This article describes "I" working as a music professor With sincere and selfless help, he learned to play the violin without confidence and was able to play for hundreds of audiences at various cultural evening parties. He praised the old professor's virtues of caring for and encouraging young people to become talented, and expressed "I" Admiration and gratitude to the respected old professor.

3. There are two clues in this article, one is the changes in "my" psychology and actions, and the other is the changes in the old woman's language.

4. Sentence understanding:

(1) "I think you must be very good at playing, but unfortunately I am deaf. If you don't mind my presence, please continue. "

The old man is not deaf. As the most prestigious professor at the Conservatory of Music, the old man heard that "I" was not playing well, and he was "prepared to slip away" after being discovered. During the action, I found that "I" lacked self-confidence. In order to maintain my self-esteem, she helped me build up my self-confidence and gave "me" the courage to play the piano in front of the old man, who lied about being deaf.

(2) "When I stopped, she never forgot to say: "It's really good. I already feel it in my heart. Thank you, boy. "My heart is filled with a feeling that I have never felt before."

Understand: This "feeling that I have never felt before" is the happiness of being recognized. And this comes precisely from the old man's company and from the old man's praise. The old man didn't teach "me" how to play the piano. She used her own words to help "me" regain my confidence and encourage "me" to practice hard. With her encouragement, "I" finally dared to practice piano at home, and I practiced very seriously and hard.

13. There is only one Earth

Explain the method and function: list the numbers scientifically, accurately and concretely. Give examples that are concrete and realistic, make comparisons to highlight them, and use metaphors that are vivid.

15. This land is sacred

1. Article structure: total score

2. Style: speech script

3. Question 2 after class:

(1) "We belong to the same homeland as the mountains, rivers, animals and plants on the earth."

Understand: This sentence It once again shows the close connection between human beings and nature, and also tells us that we should use our identity as masters to protect our homes.

(2) "Anything that happens to the earth will eventually happen to the children of the earth.

Understanding: The earth is the home of mankind. If the home is destroyed, then any The impact on the earth and the harm to the earth will evolve into harm to humans themselves. This sentence directly points out the close relationship between human survival and the earth.

(3) “The earth does not belong to humans. , and human beings belong to the earth. ”

Understanding: This is the core of the article. This sentence means that no one has rights and cannot have control over the earth. No one can treat the sacred earth according to his own preferences. . Human beings belong to the earth, because the earth allows human life to continue to multiply and continue. Only by caring for all things on the earth can we ensure the survival of human beings.

4. Author: Seattle

Unit 5

17. Young Runtu

1. Writers and works - ( Information package)

2. Correct pronunciation: "正", "Buddha", "行", " Offering", "Animal"

*3. What did Runtu tell me? A few things, what impression did Runtu leave on you? Refer to P148

Key points: Catching birds in the snow - smart, capable and well-informed; watching melons and thorns - witty and brave;

Collecting shells on the beach and watching jumping fish - —Life is rich and colorful. (Maybe he is well-informed)

Runtu is a knowledgeable, lively, cute, smart and capable rural boy. See P142 See P143 See P147 The impression left by the four things is not completely consistent

4. Regarding "catching birds", what aspects did Runtu tell me, and what did you feel?

Key points: The time for catching birds is heavy snow; the location for catching birds is on the sand; the method of catching birds is to set up a large bamboo plaque, scatter grains, and when the birds come to eat, pull the rope ; The results of bird hunting - all kinds of birds. Runtu is smart and capable, and is an expert at catching birds.

*5. Talk about your understanding of the sentence "They are all the same as me, they only see the sky at the four corners of the high wall in the yard."

"They" refers to "my" usual friends. "The sky at the four corners of the high wall in the courtyard" refers to the very narrow world where "me" and "my usual friends" live. Since they are locked up in the high wall and deep courtyard all day long, compared with Runtu who lives by the sea, they have formed a A stark

contrast. The meaning of this sentence: "I" and "usual friends" live in the compound all day long, without extensive contact with nature, and their vision is narrow. This sentence expresses "I"'s dissatisfaction with the environment in which I live, and reveals my yearning for the rich and colorful life in the countryside.

6. The author writes the four things in detail and outlines, expressing Runtu's characteristics from different aspects.

7. Usage of dashes and brackets - additional explanation

18. My uncle Mr. Lu Xun

1. Polyphonetic words: crown, number, number< /p>

2. Four-character words: swallowing dates in a hurry, wearing one's crown, suddenly enlightened, howling in the north wind, weather-beaten, crying out loud

Hurry, careless, clear, vague

*3. The author of "My Uncle Mr. Lu Xun" is Zhou Ye, expressing her nostalgia, love and admiration for Mr. Lu Xun.

*4. The text of "My Uncle Mr. Lu Xun" mainly narrates what events the author recalled about Mr. Lu Xun, and what kind of impression did he leave on you?

The paragraphs of the text are marked by (blank lines), describing four things respectively: (Uncle talks about "Water Margin" to inspire "me" to study seriously), (Uncle talks about "hitting the wall" and criticizes the old society ), (Uncle enthusiastically rescued the rickshaw driver), (Uncle cared about the maid).

①Joking about "Water Margin" shows his care and love for young people;

②Talk about "hitting the wall" showing his hatred of the old society;

③The ambulance driver shows his deep sympathy and concern for the working people;

④Caring about the maid Ah San shows that he cares about others more than himself.

Mr. Lu Xun was a person who had a clear distinction between love and hate. He thought less about himself and more about others.

5. Sentence understanding:

(1) The uncle touched his beard, smiled and said: "Haha! My memory is better."

Understanding: On the surface, this sentence is praising my good memory, but in fact it is criticizing "I" for being too sloppy in reading in a humorous and euphemistic tone. The language description reveals Mr. Lu Xun's implicit, humorous and interesting character.

(2) "Don't you think it's easy to hit the wall when it's surrounded by darkness?"

(Rhetorical question) Understanding: "It's dark all around" is a metaphor for the darkness of the society at that time. , can't see any light, and the people don't even have any democracy and freedom. "Hitting the wall" refers to the setbacks and persecution encountered when fighting against reactionary forces. From his words, we can appreciate Mr. Lu Xun’s tenacious fighting spirit and revolutionary optimism that were not afraid of setbacks or persecution.

④ "At this time, I saw clearly, and I remember clearly now, that his face no longer had that kind and happy expression, and he became so serious. He didn't answer me. He just put his skinny hand on my head and didn't move for a long time. Finally, he sighed deeply."

Understanding: The two words "clearly" here are emphasized. The scene at that time left a deep impression on "me"; the description of his expressions and movements such as "he became so serious", "didn't move his hands for a long time", "sighed deeply", shows that Mr. Lu Xun saw the evils of the old society , He couldn't control his hatred for it and became angry. This sentence expresses Mr. Lu Xun's hatred for the old society and his great sympathy for the working people.

6. Rescue the coachman. In order to accurately describe the scene of the Lu Xun brothers treating the injured coachman, nine verbs were used in succession - "help, squat, half-kneel, take, clamp, take, wash, apply, prick", which highlighted Mr. Lu "The touching image of ".

7. Using empty action as a symbol, how many parts is the article divided into? Talk about the connection between the first part and other parts.

Key points: five parts; the first paragraph It is a general description - deeply loved, and the following paragraphs are detailed description - the reasons why he is loved. See P154

Unit 6

Focus on memorizing the first four ancient poems and books. Note below.

Unit 7

21 The Old Man and the Seagull

1. Word pronunciation: plastic, biscuit, pick up, intimacy, tut tut, Dianchi Lake, whirlpool< /p>

2. Main content and center: The text mainly talks about (every winter, an old man walks more than 20 miles to deliver meals to seagulls, calls the seagulls’ names, and forms a deep friendship with the seagulls. The old man After his death, the seagulls unanimously bid farewell to the old man, expressing (the old man's selfless love for the seagulls and the shocking affection of the seagulls for the old man)

*3. Unexpected. What does it mean?

Key points: ① The seagulls flew and circled in front of the old man’s portrait, hooting continuously, ② they landed on the ground, stood in two rows, and stood still, ③ rushed toward the portrait, hooted loudly, and flapped their wings. So close.

*4. Understanding of key sentences:

(1) "The seagulls rise and fall according to his rhythm, forming a flying white line and flying into a colorful poem. sheet music. ”

Key points: The old man feeds and the seagulls eat. The cooperation between the old man and the seagulls is so tacit and harmonious! The seagulls flap their snow-white wings rhythmically, and the scene is like a lively painting. , more like a beautiful song. It makes us feel the beautiful and deep emotions between the old man and the seagulls (detailed description) (2) "They screamed loudly and flapped their wings so close that we finally got out of here." Escaping from the flying white vortex. ”

Key points: Seagulls use the special method of “chirping”, “fluttering” and “flying” into a “whirlpool” to express their reluctance to leave the old man, express their nostalgia for the old man, and show the old man’s relationship with the old man. The beautiful and deep emotions between seagulls. (Scene description)

5. Understand the role of ellipses in the text

23 "The Last War Elephant"

1. , Correct pronunciation: unstoppable, caressing, slamming, bloody fight

2. Accumulated words: restless, careless, meeting again after a long separation, misfortune, deafening, bloody fight,

Brilliant, majestic, overwhelming, and in tears

3. The author is Shen Shixi, and I also know his work "The Seventh Hound" (Extracurricular Bookstore)

4 "The Last "A War Elephant" follows the chronological order and narrates the four touching plots of the hero dying, putting on his armor again to pay respects to the battlefield, and returning solemnly

It praises the loyalty, kindness, and friendship of the war elephant Gaxin. Noble feelings.

*5. (An important feature of this article’s expression is to highlight Gaxin’s noble feelings of loyalty and kindness through the specific description of Gaxin’s movements and expressions.)

25 Boya Juexian

1. It is said that Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi were from the Spring and Autumn Period, and "Bo Ya Juexian" is about them The legend that the two became close friends allows us to feel the sincere feelings between friends.

*2. Memorize the text and annotations, and compare the annotations to understand the meaning of the poems.

At that time, I thought of the mountains. Zhong Ziqi listened and praised: "You play so well! It's like the towering Mount Tai standing in front of me!")

Experience: Yu Boya has superb piano skills. Zhong Ziqi is very appreciative. The two of them understand and appreciate each other and are close friends.

(2) Whatever Bo Ya wants, Zhong Zi will definitely get it.

Sentence meaning: Whatever Boya thinks of, Zhong Ziqi will be able to accurately express his thoughts.

(3) When Zi Qi died, Boya said that there would be no more good friends in the next life, so he broke the qin and cut off the strings, and never played the drum again for the rest of his life.

Sentence meaning: Boya felt that he would never find a close friend in the world, so he broke his beloved piano and stopped playing it for the rest of his life.

Experience: Boya was heartbroken over the loss of his close friend, and gave up his expertise and hobbies to express his condolences. Show the deep friendship between friends.

*3 Understanding of bosom friends; people who understand your own mind and speak the same language.

26 Moonlight Song

1. "Moonlight Song" is also called " " " ". Beethoven played ( ) a piano piece? The branch ( )

is "Moonlight Song".

2. Think about why Beethoven played the piano to the blind brother and sister; why he played another song after playing one song.

(The girl loved music and was considerate, which moved Beethoven and walked into the room to play a piece of music; the blind girl loved music and understood music. Beethoven met his soulmate, which inspired his desire and inspiration to create. , so after playing one song, they played another song)

3. Listening to the sound of the piano, the shoemaker brother and sister seemed to have seen something and talked about their experiences and feelings.

Answer: The shoemaker listened to Beethoven's piano and thought of the beautiful picture of the moon rising on the sea. The first picture: The moon has just risen from the place where "water and sky meet", and the sea surface is "sprinkled with silver light". At this moment, Beethoven pressed the keys gently, and the music was soft and soothing. The second picture: The moon rises higher and higher, and "wisps of light clouds like gauze" appear in the sky. As the scene changes, the musical momentum gradually increases and the tune takes twists and turns. The third picture: "Suddenly, strong winds blew on the sea and huge waves rolled up." Strong music suddenly sounded. The waves "come over" with fierce momentum, the music is high and exciting, and the rhythm is getting faster and faster. What a beautiful picture, what rich associations! Sometimes soothing, sometimes bright, sometimes melodious, sometimes intense. The fresh, dreamy realm, beautiful and harmonious tunes make us admire Beethoven's superb skills. (The sea surface changes from calm to rough, and the music changes from slow and smooth to high-pitched and exciting.)