Question 1: What was the panda called in ancient times? The giant panda is a rare animal special to my country. It has been recorded in history for more than 3,000 years. As time goes by and people's understanding of it deepens, its name continues to evolve.

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White Fox "Erya".

m (hù) (youngest son) "Erya".

Zhiyi Kong annotated "Shu Jing", Lu Ji (Wu) annotated "Mao Shi", "Er Ya", Guo Pu annotated "E Ya Shu", "E Ya Yi", etc.

Zhi Beast "Book of Rites".

白罴(pí) Lu Ji's "Guangyao of Mao's Poems".

Wen Zhen's "Zhuangzi".

Pi Qiu's "Records of Mount Emei".

Jiaoduan "Hongya County Chronicle".

Ganjiang (referring to the name of a male animal) "Ciyuan" and "Erya Wings".

Xiu (referring to the name of the female animal) "Cymology" and "Erya Wings".

Tapir's "Erya", "Compendium of Materia Medica", Bai Juyi's "Tapi Ping Pian", "Chronicles of the States of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty", "Shuowen", "Nanzhong Chronicles", "Old Tang Book", Sima Xiang Such as "Shanglin Fu", "Leibo County Chronicles", "Youyang Zhinai (nài) Prefecture General Chronicles", "Zhushan County Chronicles", "Changyang County Chronicles", etc.

"New Treatise", "The Book of Beasts", "Guang Ya", "Zhili Lizhou Zhilin", "Book of the Later Han", "Zhongshan Jing", "Sichuan Guang Ji", "Youyang Zazu", "Guangzhi", "Badong County Chronicle" (referring to Zigui), etc.

Xuan Tapir's "Wang Hui Pian".

White Leopard Lu Ji's "Mao Shi Guangyao" and "Erya".

Mengbao "Guang Ji in Sichuan". Strange beast.

Meng's Beast "Sichuan Guang Ji".

Jietie "Shen Yi Jing".

Iron-Eating Beast "Sichuan Guang Ji", Jin Zuosi's "Shu Capital Fu", "Beichuan County Chronicle", "Youyang Zhili Prefecture General Chronicle", etc.

Lin Yun "Erya".

The modern name of the giant panda (that is, the popular middle name in China), the original name was originally called Mao Xiong or Big Panda Bear, which means that its face is round and fat like a cat, but its overall body shape is like a bear. Some even place it in the bear family. Later, because before the liberation, the writing was in straight script, the reading was from right to left, but after it was changed to horizontal script, it was from left to right. When the Beibei Museum exhibited the title, the title was written in horizontal script, named Cat Bear, and the visitors at that time I am used to reading straight books from right to left, so I mistakenly thought it was a panda. Since then, misinformation has spread throughout the country where it is mainly produced (Sichuan), and over time it has become common for the panda to be renamed panda. From then on, its common middle name was giant panda, which was recognized by people.

Its local name is often called White Bear, or Bai Lao Xiong, or Flower Bear in its hometown; in the Minshan Tibetan area, it is called Dang or Dudongga (gǎ), Pingwu Baimada The Bu people are called Dongga; the Yi people in Liangshan are called Equ. Although all these place names have different names, their meanings are the same as those called Pixiu or Tapir in ancient books. They just mean that its body color is white, or black and white, or its body shape is like a bear.

The giant panda’s aliases include Chinese bear, bamboo bear, silver dog and giant raccoon. The name "giant raccoon" comes from the fact that it is closely related to raccoons (many scholars still include it in the raccoon family), but it is larger than raccoons. Silver Dog, this is because the local name and commercial name of the red panda is Golden Dog, and the corresponding panda is white in color, so it is called Silver Dog. The Bamboo Bear is named after its main food source is bamboo and resembles a bear. Hua Xiong shows that it is a rare and exotic animal unique to the Chinese nation.

Praise to the Tapir Screen

Bai Juyi's work "Praise to the Tapir Screen" (the third year of Changqing, about 823 AD, the full text of the appendix is ??as follows)

Tapir They have elephant trunks, rhinoceros eyes, ox tails and tiger feet, and were born in the valleys of the south. Sleep next to it to ward off plague, and draw its shape to ward off evil spirits. If you have an old illness, you often have a small screen to protect your head every time you sleep. When I meet a painter, I occasionally order him to write it. According to the Classic of Mountains and Seas, this beast eats iron and copper, but not other food. Because of confusion. Then he praised it and said:

Miao Zai is a beast born in the southern country. Its name is tapir, and it will not eat anything but iron. In ancient times, people's hearts were loyal. The order of conquest came from the emperor. Swords and halberds are used sparingly, and copper and iron are abundant. The tapir is full of food all day long. After three generations, the kings and laws were different. The iron is a soldier, the copper is a Buddha. The Buddha statues are growing day by day, and the weapons are growing day by day. Where is the mountain without production? Where is the valley without wealth? There is nothing left behind even an inch of baht, copper, and iron. It's such a pity that tapir is useless. Woohoo! The sorrow of the bandit tapir is the sorrow of the times!

The most popular animal in recent times is undoubtedly the panda. In ancient China, its alias was also called "tapir". There are many descriptions by literati (Note: Taiping Yulan 908 volumes, 20 volumes of beasts. There are detailed information), but the most interesting and special one is Bai Juyi's "Praise to the Tapir Screen". The reason for the article is as follows: Bai Juyi originally had a headache, so he invited a painter to draw a picture of a cat and panda on the screen.

Why? Because it "sleeps in its..."

Question 2: What was the name of the panda in ancient times? Are there any ancient poems describing pandas? People discovered pandas more than 140 years ago.

Some people believe that ancient Chinese classics have already recorded dozens of names for giant pandas, such as tapir, 鲊, flower bear, white leopard, iron-eating beast, brave, and white fox. They are all names of giant pandas in different periods. Name. It should be said that the Chinese have discovered the giant panda a long time ago. Why do they give David the credit for the discovery?

In April 2008, Sun Qianhe published a paper in the journal "Zotaxonomy". The article "Research on the Ancient Names of Giant Pandas" by scientist He Fenqi and others analyzed and carefully sorted out the names of more than 20 species in ancient China that were "suspected to be giant pandas".

It turns out that early on Half a century ago, Mr. Zhou Jianren questioned that the ferocious "Pixiu" was a giant panda. After that, Professor Hu Jinchu pointed out in the book "Wolong's Giant Panda" in 1984: "Written records are all based on descriptions or commentaries in scriptures. Rather than being based on actual observations. This has caused confusion in name records. These names and records may or may not refer to pandas." Dr. Schaller's famous saying is very straightforward: "Pandas have no history, only the past. ”

The papers of Sun Qian and others traced from the "Book of Songs" and "Shangshu" to "Huayang Guozhi", "Beichuan County Chronicles", etc., inquiring into dozens of ancient classics, and analyzing the "Pixiu Theory" , "Tapir theory" and "Zouyu theory" were analyzed in detail.

Their conclusion is: Except for some records in the Qing Dynasty that have something to do with pandas, from the perspective of morphology and behavior, habits and feeding habits, It seems that Pixiu, Tapir and Zouyu cannot be classified as giant pandas. The article "Research on the Ancient Names of Pandas" caused a strong response in the zoological circle. This is of course "a family opinion". He Fenqi believes that ancient Chinese painters painted There are tigers, leopards, fish and birds, but there is no panda. It should be said that pandas are easier to draw. Why is not a single picture handed down? The ancient painters may not have seen them at all. This shows that many of the records in the text are hearsay. .

Praise to the Tapir Screen

Bai Juyi's work "Praise to the Tapir Screen" (the third year of Changqing, about 823 AD, the full text of the appendix is ??as follows)

Tapirs have elephant trunks, rhinoceros eyes, ox tails and tiger feet. They are born in the valleys in the south. They sleep next to them to ward off plague, and their shapes are used to ward off evil spirits. For old illnesses, they often have a small screen to guard their heads every time they sleep. It is a good time to meet a painter, and occasionally Order to write it. According to the Classic of Mountains and Seas, this beast eats iron and copper, but not other things. Because of confusion, he praised it and said:

This beast was born in the southern country. Its name is tapir. , will not eat anything other than iron. In ancient times, people's hearts were loyal. The order of conquest came from the emperor. Swords and halberds were sparingly used, and copper and iron were everywhere. Tapirs were full of food all day long. In the past three generations, kings and laws have been different. Iron is used as a soldier. Model copper is the Buddha. The statues of Buddha are getting better and better, and the weapons are getting better and better. Where is the mountain that is not produced? Where is the valley that is not destroyed? There is nothing left behind even an inch of copper and iron. What a pity for that tapir, there is no trace of you. Woohoo! Bandits. The sorrow of the tapir is the sorrow of the times!

The most popular animal in recent times is undoubtedly the panda. In ancient China, its alias was also called "tapir". There were many depictions of it by literati and refined scholars (note: Taiping Yulan 908 volumes, 20 animal parts (details are available), but the most interesting and special one is Bai Juyi's "Praise to the Tapir Screen". The source of the article is as follows: Bai Juyi originally had a headache, so he hired a painter On the screen, a picture of a panda was drawn. Why? Because it "sleeps next to it to ward off plague, and its shape wards off evil spirits." Its fur keeps warm, and its image wards off evil spirits. Sure enough, from then on, the head no longer suffered from the wind, so I wrote I wrote this "Tapir Screen Praise" to commemorate it.

As for the general idea of ??the content: Cats and bears eat iron to survive. Since ancient times, kings have had a right to have few weapons and little consumption of copper and iron. How happy! Later, a large amount of copper and iron were cast into weapons and Buddha statues. The panda had to starve. Bai Juyi therefore expressed sympathy for this lovely animal.

More than 140 years ago, the panda was built in The Dengchigou Catholic Church at the foot of Jiajin Mountain in Ya'an not only gave Armand David a legal identity, but also established a "base area" for him to discover species in the mountains. Armand David gained a lot here. .

Father Armand David first discovered the giant panda on March 11, 1869. "David's Diary" has a detailed record of this.

That day, a believer named Li invited him to be a guest. At Li's house, he saw a "black and white animal skin that he had never seen before". He thought it was "a very strange animal". The hunter laughed at him It's rare and strange. He told him disapprovingly: "This animal has two names, one is black and white bear, because its body only has two colors: black and white; the other is called cat bear, because it looks as docile as a cat. If you need , we will also get this kind of animal, and we will hunt it early tomorrow morning."

Father Armand David was very happy to hear this. That night, he wrote in his diary: "Look for... ..>>

Question 3: Are there any records of pandas in ancient China?

Reposted: Over the past 100 years, the Western world has witnessed the discovery of giant pandas in China by French priest David in 1869, to the 1930s when Mrs. Harkness brought the giant panda Su Lin to the Chicago Zoo in the United States

During the exhibition, and when U.S. President Richard Nixon visited China in 1972, China sent giant pandas as a national gift. The worldwide craze for pandas is getting higher and higher, making it famous all over the world and winning the love of people all over the world. A Soviet zoologist praised: The giant panda is a unique and genuine treasure in the wild animal world, a very beautiful, unique and amazing animal.

Historical changes of giant pandas

Giant pandas have a long history. They have experienced 7-8 million years of vicissitudes since the late Miocene. Their direct lineage The ancestor is the panda, which was found in Lufeng and Yuanmou, Yunnan. It lived in hot and humid forests from the late Miocene to the Pliocene. Their contemporaries include forest apes, and at this time Humans are still in the initial stage of origin, and have evolved into small giant pandas, whose bodies are slightly half the current size. They are found in Guangxi, Sichuan, Ganxi, Hu

North, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc. Their contemporaries include orangutans, great apes, and spotted hyenas. By the middle Pleistocene, they were already in their heyday, and their distribution started from Beijing Zhoupoutian in the north, to the vast areas south of the Yangtze River

and even reached the northern parts of Vietnam and Myanmar, forming a quadratic saber-toothed elephant—— The giant panda fauna and Peking Man also lived at the same time as them. In the late Pleistocene, climatic factors, the development of primitive agriculture, as well as their own structural defects and narrow living areas, pushed them into a period of decline and their distribution range gradually shrunk. Due to historical changes, they are only distributed in the western Qinling Mountains of Gansu Province, the Sichuan Min Mountains in Gansu Province, and the western edge mountains of the Sichuan Basin. It covers an area of ??about 10,000 square kilometers among the high mountains and deep valleys of Xiaoxiangling and Xiaoliangshan. It is currently in an extremely endangered situation.

Domestic historical records In ancient Chinese books and local chronicles, the giant panda has always been regarded as a magical beast and a symbol of bravery, justice, and peace. There were even records in Japan of writing large letters on sails to ensure the safety of ships (Gao Yaoting 1973).

"Shangshu" is an ancient book. It is a compilation of ancient Chinese historical documents and some writings that trace ancient deeds. It preserves some important historical materials of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, especially the early Western Zhou Dynasty.

There is a record of "like a tiger" in "Shangshu", saying that it is as majestic as a tiger, and compares the warriors who fought bravely in ancient times to be as brave as an elephant. Later, the tiger was even used as a banner, and the elephant piece was a symbol. An invincible army. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago, there was a collection of poems called "The Book of Songs" that recorded the folk songs and lyrics of the gods' banquets in the Zhou Dynasty. It is the earliest collection of poems in China. The Book of Songs reflects the history from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period.

There are more than 100 names of animals mentioned in "The Book of Songs". In "The Book of Songs? The Shepherd's Oath", there is a record of "like a tiger, like a sheep". In the "Book of Songs? Daya", there are also records of "skin as a gift" and "lamb, fur and leopard decoration". It can be seen from the historical records of giant pandas in ancient books and local chronicles that for more than three thousand years, giant pandas have been regarded as extremely rare and precious exotic animals in my country, with great economic and cultural significance. . Foreign historical records

Japan's "Royal Yearbook" records that as early as October 22, 685, my country's first female emperor Wu Zetian, who was in power in the Tang Dynasty, gave two live white bears and 70 furs to Emperor Tenmu was in power in Japan at that time. In the Western world

The first person to know the giant panda was the French priest A. David. He discovered the real giant panda in Muping, Sichuan (now Baoxing County) in 1869. Initially he thought it was a newly discovered species of black and white bear.

In 1870, after research by Melne-Edwards, director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, he believed that it was not a bear but another panda similar to the red panda. In order to distinguish it from the

He called the panda discovered in the Himalayas in 1825 the little panda (Little Panda) or the red panda (redpanda), and the panda discovered by David in Baoxing, Sichuan< /p>

The cat is called Giant Panda or Catbear. David visited China three times during his mission and collected animal and plant specimens. He arrived at Baoxing, Sichuan, the birthplace of giant pandas for the second time, and collected 4 more giant panda skin and bone specimens. These specimens are all preserved in the Paris Museum of Natural History. Since David discovered the giant panda... >>

Question 4: Why is the panda called a panda? What was it called in ancient times? The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), usually called a panda, belongs to the bear A species of mammal in the family, with body colors of black and white. Pandas live in the mountainous areas surrounding the Sichuan Basin in central and western China. There are about 1,600 left in the world and it is an endangered animal.

The giant panda has many aliases in ancient and modern times: Pixiu, giant panda bear, bamboo bear, white bear, flower bear, tapir, Chinese bear, flower-headed bear, silver dog, big raccoon, Equ, Dudongga, Zhiyi, There are many kinds of animals, such as the wild leopard, the ferocious beast, the iron-eating beast, etc. The giant panda was originally classified into the genus Ursus.

Name traceability

In 1869, after the French Catholic missionary Armand David got to know the panda, he named the "Panda" "Black and White Bear", which belongs to the bear. division. Two years later, zoologists further investigated and found that it belonged to the cat and panda family, and further named it "cat panda". In the 1940s, an exhibition of animal specimens was held at the Beibei Museum in Chongqing. At that time, it was named Cat Bear, which means that its face is round and chubby like a cat, but its overall body shape is like a bear. Since Chinese speakers are traditionally used to writing right to left, the word "cat panda" was written right to left at that time. In standard Chinese grammar, adjectives are usually placed in front of nouns. Since pandas are generally considered to belong to the Ursidae family, cat is an adjective and bear is a noun. Therefore, the word "cat and panda" is correct in Chinese grammar. By the 1940s, many Chinese users had become accustomed to the left-to-right Chinese reading method, so the word "cat panda" displayed in the Chongqing Beibei Museum at that time was misunderstood as panda. From then on, the word panda became popular in Sichuan. Over time, it was spread and misunderstood. Until today, most people are accustomed to using the word panda.

The word panda is the most popular name in mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore, while in Taiwan, both cat panda and panda are more commonly used. After 1949, due to the relocation of the Communist Party of China to Taiwan, cultural exchanges between mainland China and Taiwan also became estranged. Therefore, the original name Panda is still commonly used in Taiwan.

Question 5: Were giant pandas discovered in ancient China? Yes.

Giant pandas in prehistoric times were widely distributed and numerous. When the ancients were hunting animals, they discovered that giant pandas were not only huge in size, but also had plump meat. Hunting a giant panda was much more cost-effective than catching a hare, so people began to hunt giant pandas in large numbers just to fill their bellies as delicacies. , which seems to be no different from the current cat-eating craze in Guangdong. Giant panda skeletons have been found in Neolithic ancient cultural sites such as the Guanzhuangping Site in Hubei and the Shazui Site in Changyang, which proves that giant pandas may have been hunted by humans like other wild animals at that time.

From today's perspective, it seems incredible that the ancients used giant pandas to fight. A group of giant pandas were driven to meet the enemy on the battlefield. I don't know what kind of funny scene it was, but it is true in the books. There are records. The giant panda is called "Pixiu" in "Shangshu" and "The Book of Songs". "Shangshu" records that there were several ferocious beasts in the Yellow Emperor's time, including brave, tiger, and leopard, and they used these animals to fight. Sima Qian's "Historical Records: Anthology of the Five Emperors" also recorded the historical fact that the ancient tribal leader Huangdi ordered the domestication of tigers, leopards, bears and brave beasts to help fight against Banquan. People at that time believed that Pixiu was a powerful beast like a tiger and leopard, and they hoped that warriors would be as brave as Pixiu. Even the army would use the banners of "Pixiu" and "Pixiu" when fighting to intimidate the army. Since the Western Jin Dynasty, people's understanding of giant pandas has undergone tremendous changes. People in the Western Jin Dynasty called the giant panda "Zouyu". They believed that Zouyu only eats bamboo and will not harm other animals, so they regard it as a beneficial animal that symbolizes good neighborliness and friendship. In the middle of the battle between the two armies, if one side held high a banner with the word "Zou Yu" written on it, it represented a request for peace and a truce. This is somewhat similar to the white flag later used in surrenders.

The "Book of Songs" mentions that "Pixiu" is a precious fur beast. The ancients discovered during hunting that the meat of giant pandas is delicious and their fur is extremely smooth, making them very precious. Therefore, the skin of the giant panda is used as a tribute and presented to the boss. "Pipi is offered to him" means that it is regarded as a tribute. Giant pandas have been regarded as "ambassadors of friendship" by the Chinese for a long time. In ancient times, China had diplomatic activities of gifting giant pandas to foreign countries. Legend has it that Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty gave two live pandas and panda skins to Japan as a sign of goodwill. In 685 AD, Wu Zetian presented two giant pandas to Emperor Tenmu of Japan.

According to archaeological excavations, Tomb No. 77, discovered at the Guanzhuangping site in Zigui County, Three Gorges region, has been confirmed to be the only tomb discovered so far in the world in which giant pandas were used as sacrificial objects. In the early Neolithic Age, humans began to use domestic animals such as pigs and dogs as burial objects. Tomb No. 77 dates to about 4,000 years ago, at the end of the Neolithic Age, when humans used giant pandas for burial. As late as Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty, panda skulls were buried with his mother in her mausoleum, which shows that a deep relationship has been established between giant pandas and humans.

The medicinal value of giant pandas is not much compared with other animals, but smart ancients still discovered some clues. Li Shizhen recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica" that using tapir skin as sleeping mats and plasters is of great benefit to human health. Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem "Ode to the Tapir Screen". Bai Juyi once suffered from a strange disease called "head wind disease". He couldn't blow the wind and his head hurt when the wind blew, so he used a screen to block the wind. He asked the artist to draw a "tapir" on the screen and wrote a preface and a poem. This shows that ancient people did have the understanding that giant pandas can cure diseases.

There is also a folk legend that is even more ridiculous, saying that the urine of giant pandas can dissolve iron needles swallowed by accident. You can imagine how eager people in ancient times followed the giant bears after swallowing iron needles, waiting to be exposed. Urine.

There are also many people who think giant pandas are cute and fun, so they keep them as pets. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the palace officials kept tapirs in Shanglin Garden for the emperor to hunt. Successfully hunting tapirs was regarded as a sign of bravery.

From this point of view, ancient people not only used giant pandas to eat their meat, pay tribute to their skins, and sacrifice their bones, but also used them as weapons of war, medicine for treating diseases, and pets for playing. Unlucky fate. This may be the main reason why giant pandas are declining at an accelerated rate due to human development.

Question 6: Why haven’t we heard of the modern name of the giant panda (the Chinese name commonly used in China) in ancient times? The original name was originally called Cat Bear or Big Cat Bear, which means that its face is like a cat. It is chubby, but its overall body shape is like a bear. Some even classify it as a member of the Ursidae family. Since before the 1950s, Chinese was written in straight script and read from right to left, but after it was changed to horizontal script, it was read from left to right. When it was exhibited in the Beibei Museum in Sichuan in 1939, the title was stated in horizontal script. The name was a cat and a panda. At that time, visitors were accustomed to reading the book straight from right to left, and mistakenly thought it was a panda.

Question 7: Why haven’t we heard of pandas in ancient times? Looking through the long scrolls of history, we can trace many legendary records about giant pandas. Because the distribution range of giant pandas in ancient times was much wider than today, there were dozens of local names for them, such as Pixiu, Tapir, Pi, Zouyu, white bear, flower bear, bamboo bear, iron-eating beast, etc.

Sima Qian recorded in "Historical Records of the Five Emperors" that as far as 4,000 years ago, there was a tribe leader named Huangdi who used domesticated tigers, leopards, bears, Pixiu (giant pandas) and other beasts to aid in battles , defeated another tribal leader Yandi in Banquan (now Zhulu County, Henan).

The "Book of Songs" and "The Book of Songs" compiled in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago recorded that Pixiu skin (giant panda skin) was a treasure paid tribute by the emperor. Pi is as majestic as a tiger and leopard, which compares ancient warriors to being as powerful and brave as Pi. The army even uses the banners of "Pi" and "Pi" to symbolize invincibility.

According to the "Book of Mountains and Seas" from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period (2700 years ago), it resembles a bear, with black and white fur, and was produced in Yandao County, Qionglai Mountain (now Rongjing County, Sichuan). It is also said that it eats Copper and iron, so it is called iron-eating beast.

Sima Xiangru, a writer in the Han Dynasty (2000 years ago), recorded in "Ode to Shanglin" that during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Shanglin Garden (now the boundary between Zhi County and Hu County in the Western Zhou Dynasty in Xi'an City) had a radius of 200 miles and there were many livestock Animals for the emperor to hunt, with tapirs (giant pandas) being at the top of the list.

During the Western Jin Dynasty (before 1700), the giant panda was called Zuyu because it only ate bamboo and did not harm other prey animals. It was a "righteous animal" that could live in peace with its neighbors. ”, so the giant panda was regarded as a symbol of peace and friendship at that time. When the two armies are fighting and the sky is dark and the sun and the moon are dim, as long as one side raises the "Zuyu" flag, the battle will break out suddenly, because the rules of war: Anyone who uses the "Zuyu" flag expresses a request for peace and friendship, stop conflict.

According to Japan's "Royal Yearbook", on October 22, 658 AD, Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty gave a pair of live white bears (giant pandas) and 70 skins as a national gift to Emperor Tenmu of Japan.

Bai Juyi, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty, was resting in his secluded room. He felt the cold wind blowing, his skin was cold, and he had a headache. Someone gave him a screen with a giant panda painted on it. Wonderful effect. Bai Juyi was very happy and wrote a poem "Ode to Pi Ping" on the screen. The poet expressed his dissatisfaction with the misfortune and famine brought by the war to the people by saying that giant pandas need a peaceful and quiet environment to survive.

The "Compendium of Materia Medica" written by Li Shizhen (1518-1593) of the Ming Dynasty records that tapir skin can be used as a sleeping mat to prevent cold and dampness, drive away plague and avoid evil spirits; as a plaster, it can penetrate the skin to prevent and treat tumors; Drinking urine mixed with water can dissolve metal debris accidentally ingested into the human body.

It can be seen from ancient books and local chronicles since ancient times that giant pandas have been mysterious and legendary animals that have been cherished since ancient times. It can also be confirmed that giant pandas were once widely distributed in Henan in North China, Shaanxi in Northwest China, Hubei and Hunan in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Fujian in South China, Yunnan, Guizhou in Southwest China, and the surrounding mountainous areas of the Sichuan Basin.

An examination of the ancient names of the giant panda

The giant panda is a rare animal special to my country. It has been recorded in history for more than three thousand years. With the deepening of time and people's understanding of it, Its name continues to evolve.

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White Fox "Erya".

m (hù) (youngest son) "Erya".

Zhiyi Kong annotated "Shu Jing", Lu Ji (Wu) annotated "Mao Shi", "Er Ya", Guo Pu annotated "Er Ya Shu", "Er Ya Yi", etc.

Zhi Beast "Book of Rites".

白罴(pí) Lu Ji's "Guangyao of Mao's Poems".

Wen Zhuangzi "Zhuangzi".

Pi Qiu's "History of Mount Emei".

Jiao Duan "Hongya County Chronicle".

Or Ganjiang (referring to the name of a male beast) "Cymology" and "Erya Wings".

Xiu or Xiu (referring to the name of the female animal) "Ciyuan" and "Erya Wings".

Tapir or "Erya", "Ya", "Compendium of Materia Medica", Bai Juyi's "Tapi Ping Pian", "Eastern Zhou Dynasty Chronicles", "Shuowen", "Nanzhong Chronicles", "Old Tang Dynasty" "Book", Sima Xiangru's "Shanglin Fu", "Leibo County Chronicles", "General Chronicles of Youyang Nai Prefecture", "Zhushan County Chronicles", "Changyang County Chronicles", etc.

"Youyang Zazu", "......>>

Question 8: Is the ancient Pixiu the giant panda? Pixiu "Pixiu" is also known as Tianlu, warding off evil spirits, Baijie, yes A ferocious auspicious beast in ancient legends. Pixiu has the head of a dragon, the body of a horse, and the feet of a unicorn. Its fur is gray and white, and it can fly. Legend has it that Pixiu violated the rules of heaven and was punished by the Jade Emperor to feed on the wealth from all directions, and could only go in and out. Therefore, Pixiu was often placed in Feng Shui to gather wealth and stabilize the house. Many Chinese people now wear Pixiu jade products for this reason.

From ancient times to the present, emperors and common people have paid attention to collecting and wearing Pixiu. In addition to its functions of attracting wealth, bringing luck, and warding off evil spirits, Pixiu can also be used to stabilize the house, change Tai Sui, and promote marriage. Function, Pixiu needs to be consecrated to play its due role. Currently, the effect of consecrating Pixiu in Nian Bo Tang is the most obvious. There are two types of consecration for Pixiu. One is to go to a Buddhist temple for consecration, which is what we call going to a temple for consecration. The other is to have a Taoist consecration, which is to go to a Taoist temple or find some experienced masters to help consecrate it. Legend has it that Pixiu violated the rules of heaven and was punished by the Jade Emperor. It only feeds on wealth from all directions and swallows everything without diarrhea. It can attract wealth and accumulate treasures. It can only go in but not out. It has special magical powers. In ancient times, people often used Pixiu as a title for the army.

Nianbutang is affiliated to Henan Lingsheng Culture Communication and is a brand of Lingsheng Culture. Taking the promotion and inheritance of traditional Chinese culture as its own responsibility, it integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and promotes it internationally. Its auspicious culture is not only popular in China, but also deeply loved by Chinese people around the world. In 2010, it was awarded the Cultural Positive Energy by the World Ethnic Trade Promotion Association The title of brand and auspicious culture leader is used as encouragement. The Nianputang brand has been registered as a trademark by the national industrial and commercial department. Unlike some unscrupulous traders who have no guarantees, it must be noted that Nianputang Pixiu is a formal cultural product.

The spiritual effect of the Nian Bo Tang consecrated Pixiu on Feng Shui:

1. It has the effect of promoting wealth and increasing wealth. It is not only helpful for positive wealth, but also for some partial wealth and income. Floaters also work wonders. Therefore, many business people also like to place Nian Bo Tang consecrated Pixiu in their homes and companies.

2. It has the function of keeping the house in check and warding off evil spirits. Placing the consecrated Pixiu at home or in the office, or using the Pixiu pendant, can improve the fortune of the home, strengthen good luck, and drive away evil spirits. It has the effect of calming the house and becoming the patron saint of the home. The family is safe.

3. It has the effect of resolving the five yellow evil spirits. The five yellow evil stars are terrible evil stars in Feng Shui. Wherever they go, they will make the people in the house unhealthy and stagnant. Placing the Nian Bo Tang consecrated Pixiu in the place where the five yellows are located can help resolve them. Not only can it transform evil spirits into the house, but especially in terms of wealth, the role of Nian Bo Tang consecrating Pixiu is the most obvious.

This means that swallowing all things without diarrhea can help the owner further attract and keep wealth.