Farewell to School Secretary Shu Yun at Xie Tiao Tower in Xuanzhou

Author: Li Bai Era: Tang Genre: Seven Ancients Category: Unknown

Those who abandon me, yesterday I can't keep that day;

Those who mess up my heart will have many worries today.

The long wind sends the autumn geese flying thousands of miles away, and you can enjoy this high-rise building.

The Penglai article is built with bones in mind, with small Xie in the middle and clear hair.

We are all full of joy and hope, and want to go up to the sky to embrace the bright moon.

Cut the knife to cut off the water, the water will flow more, and raise the cup to eliminate the sorrow and make it more sorrowful.

If life is not satisfactory in this world, the Ming Dynasty will be ruined.

Note:

Xuanzhou: present-day Xuancheng County, Anhui Province. Xie Tiao Tower: also known as Xie Gong Tower, also known as North Tower. School Secretary: Official name, abbreviation of School Secretary. Cloud: Li Yun. Penglai: refers to the Dongguan where books were collected during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Jian'an bone refers to the vigorous and fresh style of the works of Cao Cao and his son and the seven sons of Jian'an during the Jian'an period of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, which was called "Jian'an style" by later generations.

Brief analysis:

The focus of this poem is not to write about the emotions of separation, but mainly to express feelings and complaints about the failure of one's ideals and ambitions to be realized. The whole poem is full of melancholy and unrestrained emotions, and almost every sentence is the essence. It is one of the representative works of Li Bai's poetry. The poem aims to compare Li Yun with Penglai's article, and to express himself with Xie Qing. I use farewell to express my gratitude to the other person, but I regret that he will not be able to live in this world.

The first two sentences do not say farewell or write about the building, but directly express the depression and worry in the heart. There is a sudden turning point in the third and fourth sentences, from

depression to a refreshing and magnificent state, unfolding a picture of seeing wild geese in the autumn sky. One "send" and one "enjoy" highlight the theme of "farewell". "Penglai" four sentences, praising the other party's article is like the Penglai Palace, which is secluded, vigorous and vigorous, and has the style of Jian'an

. He also revealed his talents, thanked and compared himself, and expressed his pursuit of noble ideals. At the same time, it also expresses the poet's literary and artistic outlook. The last four sentences express emotion. Ideal and reality are irreconcilable, which makes me feel worried and depressed, so I have no choice but to seek sustenance in "breaking the boat"

Thoughts and feelings are changing rapidly, and the artistic structure is ups and downs, ups and downs without any reason, and intermittently, which profoundly expresses the poet's contradictory mood. The language is bold and natural, and the melody is harmonious and unified. "Cut the knife to cut off the water, the water will flow again, raise the glass

The sorrow will disappear and the sorrow will become more sorrowful." This sentence has been used to describe melancholy for thousands of years, and has been praised by many people.

--Quoted from "Chaochunzhai Poems" bookbest.163.net Translation and analysis: Liu Jianxun

This is Li Bai's farewell secretary Li Yunzhi when he was in Xuancheng in the last years of Tianbao do. Xie Tiao Tower was built by Xie Tiao, a famous poet in the Southern Qi Dynasty, when he was the prefect of Xuancheng. It is also known as Bei Tower and Xiegong Tower. The title of the poem is "A Song to Accompany Yu Shuhua on Climbing the Tower".

In the beginning, I did not write about the building, let alone say goodbye, but stood on a steep wall to express my depression. "Yesterday's day" and "today's day" refer to the many "yesterdays" that have abandoned me and the "todays" that have followed one after another. That is to say, every day I feel deeply that the sun and moon are no longer there, that time is difficult to stop, and that I am upset, worried, angry and depressed. This not only contains the spiritual anguish of "the achievements are never fulfilled, but the time is rushed", and it also embodies the poet's feelings about the dirty political reality. His "worry" does not start from "today", nor is his "worry" limited to one end. It can be said that this is an artistic summary of his long-term political experiences and feelings. The depth, breadth and intensity of the worry and indignation reflect the increasing corruption of the government since Tianbao and the increasing personal embarrassment of Li Bai. The intense mental anguish caused by the sharp contradiction between ideal and reality finds a suitable form of expression here. The beginning that came out of nowhere, the overlapping language (it said "abandon me" and "can't stay"; it said "confused my heart" and "many worries"), and the long and vigorous words. The eleven-character sentence pattern vividly shows the poet's deep depression, intense sorrow and anger, chaotic mood, and emotional state that is on the verge of breaking out and cannot be suppressed.

There is a sudden turning point in two or three sentences: Facing the clear autumn sky and looking at the magnificent scenery of wild geese blown by the wind thousands of miles away, I can't help but arouse the passion and joy of drinking high-rise buildings. These two sentences show a magnificent and clear picture of the autumn sky in front of the readers, and also show the poet's heroic and broad mind. Suddenly from extreme depression to a state of exhilaration and magnificence, it seems that the change is unpredictable and incredible. But this is what makes Li Bai Li Bai.

Precisely because he has lofty ideals and ambitions and has been suppressed by the dark and dirty environment for a long time, he always yearns for the vast space where he can roam freely. When I look at the scene of "the long wind blowing away the autumn geese", I feel refreshed and my worries are swept away. I feel a kind of comfort in which my mind and state are in harmony, and the excitement of "drinking from a high building" arises spontaneously. .

The next two sentences of "Chenggaolou Farewell" are written respectively for the host and the guest. Scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty called Dongguan (the government's book collection institution) the Taoist Penglai Mountain, and people in the Tang Dynasty often called it Pengshan. Pengge refers to the Secretary Province, and Li Yun is the secretary of the Secretary Province, so "Penglai Articles" is used here to refer to Li Yun. article. Jian'an bone refers to the strong and vigorous "Jian'an character". The first sentence praises Li Yun's vigorous writing style, while the second sentence refers to himself as "Xiao Xie" (i.e. Xie Tiao), saying that his poems, like Xie Tiao's, have a fresh and innovative style. Li Bai admired Xie Tiao very much, and comparing himself to Xiao Xie here showed his confidence in his own talents. These two sentences naturally connect Xie Tiaolou and Xiao Shu in the title.

The seventh and eighth sentences further exaggerate the interest of both parties with the phrase "high-rise building", saying that both parties have high spirits and ambitions. They are drunk and want to fly, and want to climb to the sky. Embrace the bright moon. The previous description described a clear day and an autumn sky, but here it talks about the "bright moon", which shows that the latter is not a real scene. The words "desire to go up" also show that this is the poet's bold words when he was drunk and in high spirits. Boldness and innocence are harmoniously unified here. This is exactly Li Bai's character. The sky holding the moon is certainly a spontaneous remark and may not necessarily have any meaning, but the image of flying and vigorous movements makes us clearly feel the poet's yearning and pursuit of a noble ideal state. These two sentences are full of ink and vivid, pushing the high-spirited emotions aroused by facing the realm of "the wind blows thousands of miles to send the autumn geese" to the climax, as if all the darkness and filth in reality have been swept away, and everything in my heart has been swept away. All worries are forgotten.

However, although the poet's spirit can roam in fantasy, the poet's body is always restrained in the dirty reality. In reality, there is no such thing as a world where autumn geese can fly freely in the wind, and what he sees is only the abominable world of "barbarians and sheep filling the middle fields, and green cocoons filling the high gates" ("Ancient Style" 51). situation. Therefore, when he returned to reality from fantasy, he felt more strongly that the contradiction between ideal and reality was irreconcilable, which made his inner worries and anguish even more intense. "Cut the knife to cut off the water, and the water will flow again, and raise the cup to eliminate the sorrow, and the sorrow will become more sorrowful." Another major turning point in this plummeting situation is inevitable in this situation. The metaphor of "cutting off the water and making it flow again" is strange and original, and at the same time it is natural, appropriate and full of life flavor. In front of the Xie Tiao Tower, there is the Wanxi River that flows all year round. It is easy to associate the endless flowing water with endless worries. Therefore, the strong desire to relieve worries naturally leads to the idea of ??"cutting off the water". . Due to the close connection between the metaphor and the foreground, it has a somewhat "xing" meaning, and it feels natural when you read it. Although the inner depression cannot be relieved, the detail of "cutting off the water with a knife" vividly shows the poet's desire to get rid of mental depression, which is obviously different from those who are addicted to depression and cannot extricate themselves.

"If life is unsatisfactory, the Ming Dynasty will ruin the boat." The contradiction between Li Bai's progressive ideals and the dark reality could not be resolved under the historical conditions at that time. Therefore, he was always stuck in the "unsatisfactory" situation. In the depression of "satisfaction", and can only find a way out of the depression such as "distribution and flattening the boat". Of course, this conclusion is somewhat negative and even contains elements of escaping reality. But history and the social class he represents dictate that he cannot find a better way out.

The valuable thing about Li Bai is that although he was mentally depressed, he did not give up his pursuit of progressive ideals. The poem is still full of heroic and generous feelings. The two sentences "Changfeng" and "Jihuai" are more like playing a high and optimistic tone in the sad music, revealing the bright and bright glow in the dark clouds. The two sentences "drawing the knife" also express strong depression while showing a stubborn character. Therefore, the whole poem does not give people the feeling of gloom and despair, but a heroic spirit amidst sorrow, anger and depression. This shows that the poet neither succumbed to the oppression of the environment nor the heavy pressure of his heart.

The rapid changes and ups and downs of thoughts and feelings, as well as the ups and downs and jumping development of the artistic structure, are perfectly unified in this poem.

At the very beginning of the poem, there are sudden waves, revealing the strong mental depression that has been pent up for a long time; then, he completely puts aside the "worries" and looks at the autumn sky thousands of miles away, from the excitement of "high buildings" to the feat of "grazing the bright moon", soaring up to the sky, and then But he quickly fell from the sky into the abyss of depression. Straight up and down, wide open and close, without any trace of transition. This kind of unprovoked and intermittent structure is most suitable for expressing the poet's rapidly changing emotions caused by the sharp contradiction between ideals and reality.

The language style that harmoniously combines nature and boldness is also very prominent in this poem. One must have Li Bai's broad-minded ambition, bold and frank character, and the ability to control language to a high degree, in order to achieve the harmonious and unified state of boldness and nature. The first two sentences of this poem are almost like prose language, but they are full of bold and vigorous momentum. The two sentences "Changfeng" have a magnificent realm and bold spirit, and the language is noble and clear, as if they were blurted out. This natural and bold language style is also one of the reasons why this poem is not gloomy and gloomy even though it is extremely distressing.

Jinse

Author: Li Shangyin Era: Tang Dynasty Genre: Qilu Category: Unknown

Jinse has fifty strings for no reason, each string and one column reflects the past.

Zhuang Sheng was fascinated by butterflies in his morning dream, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart in love with cuckoos.

The moon in the sea has tears, and the sun in Lantian is warm and the jade produces smoke.

This feeling can be recalled thousands of times, but it was already at a loss.

Notes:

Gu Se has fifty strings. Pillar, the pillar that adjusts the pitch of strings; Sidu removes the tones, because rhymed poems are not allowed to have three flat tones in a row. Lantian: In the southeast of present-day Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, it was a famous source of jade in ancient times.

Brief analysis:

This poem is a piece of memory in old age. Although it is a bit hazy, it has always been recited.

The first couplet of the poem is inspired by the sad and sad brocade, which points out the theme of "thinking of the Chinese years". Unprovoked, without reason, without reason. Fifty strings, "Historical Records·Fengchan Book" records that the ancient zither had fifty strings, although later it was generally twenty-five strings, but it still has its own system. The first and second lines of the poem say: The beautiful brocade-painted zither has fifty strings. I am almost fifty years old, and every string and every string evokes my memories of the passing years.

The chin couplet and neck couplet of the poem are the core of the whole poem. In the couplet, the story of Zhuang Zhou's dream about butterflies is found in "Zhuangzi: Equality of Things": "In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies, and they were lifelike butterflies. ... Suddenly he felt that he was like a butterfly. I didn't know that Zhou's dream was a butterfly, and the butterfly was like a butterfly. "The dream is Zhou Jie?" The "dawn dream" in the poem refers to the dream when it is about to dawn. "Confused about butterflies" refers to being confused about the relationship between oneself and butterflies. Faced with the warring states society where heroes competed for power and the society changed drastically, Zhuang Zhou came up with the idea that life is illusory and impermanent, while Li Shangyin used this allusion because he felt that the power of the country in the late Tang Dynasty was declining, the political situation was turbulent, and fate was like duckweed. This allusion also contains his sadness about the loss of love and life. He seemed to have had a premonition that he would die soon, and he wanted to vent his deep pain and resentment. The legend of Emperor Wang can be found in "Huanyu Ji", which says: "The king of Shu, Du Yu, was named Emperor Wang. Later, he died because of his Zen position and became Zigui." Zigui is the cuckoo. The beautiful and desolate cuckoo described by the poet has been sublimated into the poet's miserable soul. The deep sadness can only be attributed to the cuckoo's cry in late spring. How desolate it is.

The neck couplet is immediately followed by the chin couplet. "The New Book of Tang: Biography of Di Renjie" records: "(Di Renjie) cited Ming scriptures, transferred Bianzhou to join the army, and falsely accused the officials of deposing Zhi. He sent Yan Liben to summon him for interrogation, and he was very talented. , Xie said: "Zhongni said that Guan Guozhiren, you can be said to be a treasure in the sea." "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi·Zhuge Ke Biography": "Ke rarely has a talent and reputation. Sun Quan said to his father Jin: 'Lantian produces jade. It's true. '" "Pearl" and "jade" are self-descriptions of the poet, which not only refer to talents, but also to virtues and ideals. The poet uses these two images to express his sorrow that he has outstanding talents and virtues, but they are not used by the world. The last couplet of the poem uses a rhetorical question and progressive sentence pattern to strengthen the tone and end the poem. "This feeling" summarizes the emotions expressed, while "Cheng Memories" echoes "Sihua Years". It's hard to wait, which shows that this melancholy and sad "this feeling" has long been confused and difficult to let go, and it is even more unbearable at this time.

This poem is artistically very individual, using allusions, metaphors, and symbolic techniques. In the poem, butterflies and cuckoos are symbols, and beads and jade are metaphors. They create a bright, clear, and graceful atmosphere. The artistic conception of sadness.

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< p> This poem "Jin Se" is Li Shangyin's representative work. Everyone who loves poetry is happy to recite Taoism and is the most famous. However, it is also the most difficult poem to explain. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there have been many speculations and no consensus.

The title of the poem "Jinse" uses the first two words of the sentence. In the old theory, it was originally believed that this poem was a poem about things, but recent commentators seem to maintain that this poem has nothing to do with the poem, and is actually an "untitled" work that uses the poem to hide the theme. I think it is indeed different from ordinary chants about objects, but it is also not an untitled poem that simply "cuts off the first two characters" to create a metaphor without any reference to the literal words. The love story it writes is clearly related to Se.

Many annotators have misunderstood the two sentences in the couplet, thinking that this can be used to determine that the poet was "in his fifties" or "nearly fifty" when this piece was written, so So much. Not really. "Unprovoked" means "without reason" or "for no reason". This is the poet's foolish words. There are so many strings in Jinse, and there is nothing "wrong" or "fault" in this. However, the poet insisted on complaining about it: Jinse, why do you have so many strings? In fact, there is no need to "examine" how many strings the harp originally had, and how many strings it actually had in Li Shangyin's time. The poet just used it to express his ideas. According to records, the ancient zither has fifty strings, so when writing zither in Yuxi, the number "fifty" is often used, such as "the rain hits Xiangling fifty strings", "because of the order of fifty strings, the middle way divides the palace", which can be proved. , the poet had no special intention here.

The key to "thinking about the Chinese years with one string and one pillar" lies in the word "Hua Nian". One string and one column are like one note and one verse. The zither has fifty strings, and the syllables are the richest. The complex sounds and the rhythm are often difficult for the listener to remember. The poet never meant for people to dig out "numbers". He said: Listening to the complicated strings of the brocade harp, thinking about the past of the Chinese years; the sounds are complicated and the thoughts are chaotic, and it is difficult to express the regret. The fifty strings set up are just to "create the atmosphere" to see the thousands of past events and the nine tunes of emotions. If you want to appreciate Yuxi's poem, you should first understand its purpose. You should not stick to the pillars and play the harp. He Zhu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Who can spend the golden years in the golden age?" ("The Sapphire Case") Yuan Haowen, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, said: "The beautiful lady hates the golden years in the golden years!"

("On Poetry III") "Ten Poems") Hua Nian is the so-called beautiful youth in today's language. The most important "main focus" of this poem in Yuxi is the grand scene of the Chinese New Year, so the idea of ??recalling the "forty-nine years" after "the fiftieth year" is really just a roundabout way of thinking.

Now that the purpose of Qi Lian is clear, let’s see how he takes over the next step.

The first sentence of the couplet uses an allusion from "Zhuangzi", which tells the story of Zhuangzhou dreaming that he turned into a butterfly and flew vividly... forgetting that he was "Zhuangzhou". But when he woke up from the dream, he was still Zhuang Zhou, and he didn’t know where the butterfly had gone. This sentence from Yuxi is written: The beautiful lady Jinse, a complex string music, awakened the poet from his dream, and he no longer fell asleep. Mi contains the meanings of getting lost, leaving, and not arriving. Let's take a look at what he said in "Evening Thoughts on an Autumn Day": "Watch the butterflies in Hanzhuang and leave." To leave means to leave and pass away, which is what he calls the lost. Although "Dawn Dream Butterfly" originated from Zhuang Sheng, once it was used by Yuxi, it was no longer just a "lifelike" problem. It vaguely contained beautiful scenes, but it was also an illusory dream. The Wangdi in the second sentence of this couplet is the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Zhou Dynasty, named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired. Unfortunately, the country was destroyed and the body died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. In late spring, it cried bitterly, and the mouth bleeds. The sound was sad and sad, touching the heart, and was named cuckoo. Du Yu's cry of spring, what does this have to do with Jinse? It turns out that the brocade strings and mournful music arouse the poet's infinite sadness and unspeakable resentment, just like hearing the sad sound of the cuckoo sending spring home. The word "tuo" not only describes Du Yu's entrustment of spring to the cuckoo, but also describes the beauty's entrustment of spring to the brocade. While waving his hands and looking away, the interest of flowers falling and flowing water, and the poet's wonderful feelings in his writing, have reached a level here. climax.

It seems that Yuxi's "Spring Heart Entrusts the Cuckoo" uses the wronged bird to express resentment, while "The Beautiful Woman's Brocade and the Beautiful Years" uses the word "resentment", which is just right. The poem about Yuxi contains a brocade poem, which is different from ordinary leisurely emotions. There is a strange feeling and deep hatred in it.

As soon as the rhythmic poem passes through the couplet, after "starting" and "carrying on", it is time to "turn" the pen. At this point, the previous text has probably reached a small pause, which seems to be a knot but not a knot. , the meaning is yet to be applied. Below this, I clicked the pen and dropped the ink, as if it was "rising" again.

The writing style may be like a strange peak protruding, or like a lotus root with broken silk threads, or the brush is pushed open, or the light is slow and the dark is tight... The techniques can be different, but the spiritual context has twists and turns but is always focused. On this occasion, Yuxi wrote the famous saying "The moon in the sea has tears".

Pearls are born from clams, and clams live in the sea. Whenever the moon is bright and the night is quiet, the clam opens its mouth to the moon to nourish its pearls. The pearls get the moonlight, and they begin to shine brightly... This is a beautiful folk tradition. The moon is a pearl in the sky, and the pearls are like the bright moon in the water; tears are symbolized by pearls, which has been the case since ancient times. When a shark weeps, each pearl turns into a pearl, which is also a strange scene in the sea. In this way, the bright moon sets in the vast sea, and the bright pearl bathes in the boundary of tears. The moon, the pearl, and the tears, three yeses and one yes? One into three? Three equals one? In the poet's writing, a wonderful realm that is difficult to distinguish has been formed. When we read Tang Dynasty poetry, there are not many poems with such rich connotations and wonderful associations in one stroke.

So, is there any connection between Haiyue, Teardrops and Jinse that we can explore? Didn't Qian Qi's famous line of chanting Se say long ago, "Twenty-five strings play the moon at night, but the grievances fly away"? Therefore, on a moonlit night, the grievances are particularly deep. In this way, isn't it possible to spy on the connection between the vast ocean and the moonlight realm and Se?

For the poet Yuxi, the state of the moonlit sky has special and deep feelings. Once, because of his illness, he was unable to attend the "Le Ying Zhi Jiu" meeting with He Donggong, so he wrote the sentence "Only the moon in the sea, the high pressure of the clouds in Chicheng". From this point of view, he admired this scene very much for its high openness and purity, and on the other hand he was very sentimental for its desolation and loneliness: a complex and unspeakable feeling of melancholy that could not be expressed in words.

Sikong Tu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, quoted a passage from Dai Shulun, who preceded him: "The poet's beautiful scenery, such as the warm sun in Lantian and the smoke in good jade, can be expected but not placed in front of the eyebrows." Here. The eight characters used in the metaphor are exactly the same as the seven characters in the next sentence of the poem's neck couplet, which shows that this metaphor has another origin. Unfortunately, the ancient books were lost and it is difficult to find the source again. Today’s interpretation of this sentence has no other reference. It is difficult to say whether it is appropriate to use Dai’s words as an explanation. Lu Ji, a writer of the Jin Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his "Wen Fu": "The mountains are shining with stone and jade, and the river is beautiful with pearls in the water." Lantian, the name of the mountain, is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi today. This mountain is illuminated by the sun, and the jade energy contained in it (the ancients believed that treasures have a kind of light energy that cannot be seen with ordinary eyesight) is slowly rising up. However, the essence of the beautiful jade appears to be there from a distance, but not up close, so it can be seen that It is impossible to look forward to it - this represents an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it cannot be grasped and cannot be approached. Here in Yuxi, it is under the inspiration and association of "the glory of Yunyu Mountain, the beauty of pearls and rivers" that the warm sun in Lantian is used to contrast with the bright moon in the sea in the previous sentence, creating an unusually sharp and strong contrast. Literally speaking, Lantian is also very neat to Canghai, because the original meaning of the character Cang is cyan. Yuxi's exquisite vocabulary can also show his talent and workmanship.

The two sentences of the neck couplet express the yin and yang, cold and warm, beautiful jade and pearls. Although the realms are different, the sadness and hatred are the same. The poet is admiring and persistent for this noble feeling, but he dare not blaspheme or lament.

The last couplet ties up the whole article, clearly mentioning the word "this feeling", which echoes the "Hua Nian" at the beginning, and the writing style does not escape. The poem says: With such feelings, how can I wait to recall today and feel endless regret? Even at that time, it was already so disappointing. The words "how to wait for recall" mean exactly this: Then recalling today is regretful. , so what! The poet expresses several twists and turns in two sentences, and the twists and turns are just to illustrate the painful and painful mood. This is why poetry is a poet, and this is especially why Yuxi poetry is a Yuxi poet.

Yuxi’s life experience was filled with unspeakable pain and extremely painful emotions, which were pent up in her heart and turned into poems. The deep sadness lingered back and forth, deeply affecting others. In one of his farewell poems, he said: "The letter is full of emotions, and Yang Zhu is sentimental after death; when the string is in danger, the wife's harp is in danger, and when the armor is cold, she misses her husband's zither!..." The zither is composed of music, which is often related to the deep feelings and sorrows of life and death. Meaning, one can imagine. Based on this, I feel that if there is a hatred of separation between life and death in Jin Se's poem, I am afraid it cannot be said to be entirely conjecture.