The psychological environment of students' learning is manifested by their learning attitude, moral quality and behavior, organizational discipline, unity and cooperation, respect for teachers, self-study and mutual encouragement. Students are the main body in classroom teaching activities, and the psychological environment of learning is the main component of classroom psychological environment. The psychological environment of teachers' teaching is composed of many psychological factors such as teachers' teaching ideas, teaching attitudes, teaching ability, teaching style, academic spirit, management style, especially moral quality and behavior. The psychological environment of teaching is the decisive factor that affects the formation of students' cognitive development. The optimization of teachers' psychological quality, the continuous improvement of professional ability and the display of good moral quality are the decisive factors for maintaining and developing a good classroom environment.
This paper makes a shallow analysis of forming a good chemistry classroom environment.
1. Personality is the premise of creating a good classroom atmosphere.
Teachers are the organizers, leaders and managers of classroom teaching. Their personality and prestige are a huge potential spiritual force, with strong persuasion and education ability, which is an important factor affecting students' emotional experience and restricting classroom atmosphere. Therefore, teachers should constantly improve themselves and form and develop excellent personality qualities. The demonstration and guiding function of teachers' personality on the formation and development of students' personality has been confirmed by a large number of studies at home and abroad. As ushinski said; "Only personality can affect the success and development of personality". At the same time, the relevant research also shows that teachers' personality quality can affect students' intellectual development and academic performance. Therefore, in the teaching process, teachers' excellent personality quality is conducive to creating a harmonious and happy classroom atmosphere, fully mobilizing students' learning enthusiasm, stimulating students' strong thirst for knowledge and giving full play to their learning potential.
2. Emotion is the condition for maintaining a good classroom atmosphere
Teaching and educating people is a project that touches the soul, and the nectar of knowledge can only be input into students' hearts through carriers such as teaching methods and emotions. Zankov's psychological experiment shows that teachers' good emotions will cheer up students' spirits, while teachers' bad emotions will inhibit students' intellectual activities. Classroom teaching process is not only a process in which students acquire the ability to form knowledge in a specific situation, but also a process in which teachers and students communicate emotionally and cognitive factors interact. Teachers' own emotional state can make students feel emotionally influenced. When teachers are pleasant in class, students feel amiable and respectable, psychologically integrated, and emotionally excited, they will be close to their teachers and believe in their ways, and their enthusiasm for learning will be improved, which will help improve the quality of teaching. Therefore, a teacher should be an emotional horn with the ability to control emotions and the art of using them properly. Teachers' steady steps into the classroom and smiling expressions help to create a quiet and harmonious learning atmosphere. Teaching with full and sincere emotions, high spirits, full devotion, and paying attention to the use of inspiring language to ask questions and evaluate, students will learn under a positive and happy emotional experience that is respected by teachers. Once students have resistance, even first-class teachers can only teach poor students, which is common sense. Therefore, a harmonious emotional atmosphere has a special educational function. In classroom teaching, teachers should not only pay attention to expressing passion with words, feeling with scenes and feeling with emotions, but also pay attention to the satisfaction of students' emotional needs, and be good at adjusting the nature and intensity of students' emotional activities according to the nature and difficulty of teaching content. In short, to make students happy, teachers must be happy first, and the appeal of a happy teacher can create an active classroom learning environment.
3. Humorous language is a lubricant to form a good classroom atmosphere
Middle school students are weak in willpower, unstable in mood, easily distracted and lazy. Teachers should aim at students' psychological characteristics, arouse students' interest in learning, be rigorous but not serious, be humorous but not vulgar, be humorous but not slick, and be entertaining, so as to create a good classroom atmosphere by creating a series of profound learning atmosphere. For example, when talking about the introduction of junior high school chemistry, what is "fire? Why is there fire? Can iron burn? Is there really a jack-o'-lantern? < P >, etc., the questions related to fire will certainly arouse students' enthusiasm for further exploration, which will arouse students' curiosity. You can also use chemical experiments, such as making "black steamed bread" with sucrose and lighting with magic wand, to stimulate students' desire for knowledge. You can also use new content, new ideas, new teaching AIDS, new blackboard writing, etc. to attract students' unintentional attention, so as to make students' various senses in the most active state and put them into learning with the best psychological state.
Fourth, motivation is a positive catalyst to enliven the classroom atmosphere
The two-factor theoretical research by American psychologist Herzberg shows that "motivation factor" can make people feel comfortable and fully mobilize people's enthusiasm and initiative. As a teacher, we should fully understand the students and be their "bosom friends" so as to teach students in accordance with their aptitude and truly "know their hearts and save their losses". To be good at catching the bright spots in them, we should first give affirmation to students who are innovative or have different views, give high praise to innovative students, give encouraging comments to progressive students every time, and pay special attention to creating more opportunities for poor students to taste and appreciate the taste of success. Make them form a good psychological state of "I can learn well", let students experience their own value, let students feel the joy of success, and let students experience the joy of "jumping one and picking peaches". Therefore, motivation is a positive catalyst to enliven the classroom atmosphere. In Qing Dynasty, Mr. Yan Yuan was well versed in the education of timely praise. His famous saying that "it is better to praise a child than to praise a child" is still worth pondering and appreciating by today's teachers.
five, alertness is a measure to form a good classroom atmosphere
one of the basic qualities of teachers is their strong adaptability in class. Teaching must carry out teaching principles. When teaching, teachers should first make clear the teaching purpose, teaching key points and difficulties, and overcome blindness, randomness and one-sidedness. Psychological research shows that an individual's environment, including nature, family and interpersonal relationships, may face all kinds of unexpected changes at any time, which may become external psychological stressors. Therefore, it is necessary to have corresponding resilience, so as to avoid psychological disorders and behavioral gaffes under stress. In the face of accidents in the classroom, teachers should remain calm, rational, generous, open-minded and tolerant, and take it calmly. Teachers should influence students with their passion for teaching, extensive knowledge, rigorous and noble personality, create a good classroom learning environment, and deal with accidents flexibly and sensitively. A teacher
asked a student to do the experiment of "collecting oxygen by drainage method" in class, and started to do it himself, and asked the students to observe the experiment carefully, in order to explain the key to the success or failure of the experiment, but found that he made a mistake in the operation process. At this time, if he stopped to redo or not to do it, it would definitely affect the teaching atmosphere, and he continued to do it, but he raised a question, which was different from the previous experiment. Will it cause water to suck backwards? In this way, the clever use of physical objects to do control experiments not only makes students deeply impressed with the key to success, but also avoids the emergence of "blank" in the classroom.
6. Discipline is the guarantee to maintain a good classroom atmosphere
Only when students consciously abide by classroom discipline can a good classroom atmosphere be created. Therefore, to form a good style of study, students should first be trained in classroom routine. Cultivate students' self-development and positive adaptability, and adjust their psychology and behavior; Overcome bad psychology and behavior, weaken and correct bad habits, actively adapt to correct behavior, actively internalize it, and avoid drifting or negative assimilation, so that students can successfully achieve teaching objectives on the basis of self-knowledge, self-consciousness, voluntariness and self-discipline, and a good learning environment can be produced in the classroom. Secondly, it is necessary to form a healthy public opinion to maintain classroom discipline. Public opinion in the classroom, that is, students' different opinions and speeches, plays a great role in the formation of classroom atmosphere and is very infectious. In teaching activities, we should give full play to the leading role of teachers and the main role of students, carry forward the spirit of unity and mutual assistance, establish a "one-help-one study group" in teaching, and carry out mutual help and learning activities. Team leaders and team members are not immutable, which can realize role expectation and promote competition among groups. This effect is extremely great, which makes students feel high, positive and motivated.
seven, arousing doubts is to create a good classroom atmosphere
The teaching process is a special cognitive process and a complex thinking process. The research of teaching psychology shows that learning begins with thinking, and thinking originates from doubt. In order to stimulate students' initiative to explore learning motivation, improve students' interest in learning, and make students have doubts, think about doubts, and be happy with doubts. Therefore, teachers must apply various means in the teaching process to cultivate students' questioning ability. As Brubacher, an American scholar, said, "The highest principle that the most exquisite teaching art follows is to let students ask questions". The classroom atmosphere is restricted by the class collective interpersonal relationship. Harmonious relationship between teachers and students, mutual respect, understanding and friendliness can form a positive, healthy and active classroom atmosphere. Therefore, every class teacher should set aside time for students to question boldly and put forward their own opinions on teachers' teaching and teaching materials.
In short, a good classroom atmosphere is of positive significance for optimizing classroom structure, improving classroom efficiency and cultivating students' positive and healthy psychology.
the core of quality education is innovative education, and the main channel is classroom teaching. The author believes that the formation of innovative classroom atmosphere is an important measure to implement quality education and cultivate innovative talents. There are many factors that form the classroom atmosphere of innovative teaching, such as educational theory and teaching concept, teachers' professional ability and teaching skills, educational environment and teaching conditions, and so on. The author believes that the following "five factors" play a key and important role.
1. Respecting students' personality and treating every student equally is the primary factor to form the classroom atmosphere of innovative teaching
Under the background of long-term exam-oriented education, teachers' function is mainly to impart textbook knowledge to students through classroom teaching; Teachers' expectation is mainly that students can get good grades in the exam; Teachers' behavior shows that they prefer top students and hate poor students. Therefore, teachers often do not treat every student equally in classroom teaching. Top students are encouraged by praise and have more opportunities to participate in classroom training; Poor students are often reprimanded, but there are few opportunities to participate in classroom training, and some even suffer corporal punishment and disguised corporal punishment. This inequality in personality inhibits the development of students' personality and dampens the learning initiative and enthusiasm of most students.
Democracy and equality are a very important code of conduct among people in today's world. There is no peace in the world without democracy and equality; Without democracy and equality, the country will not be peaceful; Families are not harmonious without democracy and equality; Without democracy and equality, teachers and students can't establish a good teacher-student relationship, and it is difficult to form an innovative classroom teaching atmosphere and cultivate innovative talents. How should teachers treat every student equally?
First of all, be kind to students, and care for and cherish every student as you love your own children. Because only love can make students feel warm, eliminate their vigilance, and make teachers and students feel more harmonious. Because only love can eliminate students' depressed psychology and create a good psychological environment for giving full play to students' potential.
Second, we should understand each student's personality psychology, be good at positive guidance and teach students in accordance with their aptitude, so that they can give full play to their individuality. Everyone's "talent" is different, influenced by family environment, intellectual development is early or late, and personality is different. Therefore, teaching can't be across the board. Only according to students' psychological and personality characteristics, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude can make every student develop.
Third, we should respect every student, not insult their personality, allow them to make mistakes in their studies, and use teachers' expectations to care for them and guide them to correct their mistakes. It is impossible for students not to make mistakes. The key is what the teacher's attitude should be when students make mistakes. Is it insult, abuse, reprimand or corporal punishment, or is it kind, patient and persuasive to guide and help? This is a concrete manifestation of testing whether teachers have love for students and whether their educational concepts are correct. Teachers should believe that every student can learn well, encourage students to succeed in teaching, and help and encourage students to establish confidence in overcoming difficulties.
second, to carry out democratic discussion and encourage students to question boldly is an important factor to form the classroom atmosphere of innovative teaching.
In traditional classroom teaching, teachers dominate the classroom, mostly transmitting teaching information in one direction, which makes students lose the time and space for independent learning and inhibits students' thinking activities. Teachers use their own thinking instead of students' rich and diverse thinking, and do everything possible to guide students to their own set standard answers, and will never stop until they reach their goals. If we don't change this traditional teaching method, it will be difficult to form a classroom atmosphere of innovative teaching. How can we carry out democratic discussion?
First of all, we should return the study time and space to students, so that they can have sufficient time and space for independent study and independent thinking. The new curriculum standard emphasizes that learning is students' individual behavior and students are the main body of learning and development. Under the current situation of promoting quality education in an all-round way, it is an important measure to promote independent learning, independent thinking and cooperative inquiry.
Second, we should enthusiastically and sincerely encourage students to open their hearts, question boldly and express their different opinions boldly.
Bruner believes that "the teaching process is the process in which students discover, ask, analyze and solve problems under the guidance of teachers". When students learn independently, they can find problems and ask them boldly, and then guide them to analyze and solve problems, which is conducive to cultivating students' innovative ability. Therefore, in teaching, teachers not only encourage students to question textbooks, but also encourage them to surpass teachers and appreciate students' unique and personalized understanding and expression.
Third, teachers should discuss democratization with students and guide students to discuss with each other (deskmate discussion, group discussion or free combination discussion). Through discussion, teaching information can be exchanged in many directions. Different people's perception and understanding of something are often different, because their original knowledge accumulation is different and their life experience is different. In teaching