Introduction to Proust
Marcel? Marcel Proust, 187 1? 1922165438+10/8), a pioneer and master of stream-of-consciousness literature, is one of the greatest French novelists in the 20th century and one of the greatest novelists in the 20th century world literature history. Proust was born in a very rich family. He was weak, sensitive and imaginative since childhood, which promoted his early literary talent. I started writing poems and columns for newspapers in middle school. Later, he went to Paris University and School of Political Science to study rhetoric and philosophy, and studied Bergson's theory of intuition and subconsciousness, and tried to apply it to novel creation. It can be said that Bergson and Freud became his mentor in literary and artistic creation all his life. 1June, 984, the French magazine Reading announced that newspapers in France, Spain, the Federal Republic of Germany, Britain and Italy ranked among the top ten in Europe according to readers. The greatest writer? Proust ranks sixth in the rankings.
A brief introduction to Proust's life
1882 to 1889, Proust studied at Dolis High School. This is a school where children of the big bourgeoisie gather. He made a wide range of friends and began to enter the social circle. He met the writer Francois and other literary celebrities, so he entered the salon of an ancient aristocratic family in Saint-Germain.
During this period, Proust began to write and contribute to magazines. /kloc-in 0/896, the chronicles, essays and stories published in various places were compiled into the first work "Joy and Time" and published. From 1896 to 1899, he wrote the autobiographical novel Jean? Sandoy was not finished until 1952 was later handed down as a manuscript. Proust was keen on going in and out of communication places when he was young. But he pays attention to observing life, accumulating materials and honing his analytical and critical abilities. His later works are basically based on the experience of this period. 1900- 1906 translated and introduced the works of Ruskin, a British art critic. Ruskin's thoughts had a great influence on him. He thinks intuition is better than analysis of objective facts. Proust's parents died in 1903 to 1905. From 1906, he had asthma attacks from time to time and had to write behind closed doors. From 1908 to 1909, he wrote a paper on aesthetic views, which was not published before his death, and the fragments of the manuscript were not published until 1954. This paper mainly refutes St. Boff's literary criticism method, and thinks that literary works and authors should not be too closely related.
Write "Qin? While Sandoy refutes Saint-beaufort, Proust began to conceive a novel "Memories of Time Past". He started writing from 1906 to 19 13, and all the typesetting outlines have been decided, which are divided into seven parts, totaling 15 volumes. 19 13 years, after the novel 1 was completed, the author published it at his own expense, and the response was cold. 19 19, the second novel "By the Girl" was published by Karima Publishing House, and won the Gonger Literature Award, which made the author famous. From 1920 to 192 1, the third novel "The Home of Gail Mount" was published, the first 1 and the second volume; From 192 1 to 1922, Sodom and Gomorrah, Volume 1, Volume 2 published. He worked day and night and finally finished all his works before he died. In the second half of the work, the fifth book Female Prisoner (1923), the sixth book Female Fugitive (1925) and the seventh book Time of Recurrence (1927) were published after the author's death.
Proust's Literary Features
Anyway, all kinds of servants have always been Proust's passion. ? In Proust's works, do we read Jupiter, Mr Aimee or celestine? Moving shadows on Albarat. This series of characters has always led to francoise; Her rugged and angular figure seems to have been moved directly from santa marta in The Book of Time. As for grooms and hunters, they always do nothing, as if they were hired to keep them idle, not to work. Proust's appreciation of various ceremonies focuses on the descriptions of the lower servants. Who can tell to what extent this curiosity about servants has become part of Proust's flattery, and to what extent the servant's flattery has mixed his curiosity? Who knows the artistic potential of these servants at the top of society? Proust gave us such a copy, and he did it involuntarily, because he admitted that for him, see? then what Imitation desire? (d？ Sirer imiter) is one thing. Proust's dual attitude of self-centeredness and ingratiating himself with others was initiated by Morris? Barres's words couldn't be more appropriate. He said Proust was like a ... Persian poet in the Porter Hotel? (Poet on the porch) This is the most wonderful work about Proust.
In Proust's works, we can find the strong support of these viewpoints, from which we can see human puppet-like behavior, hopeless hope, disillusionment of friendship and love, cruelty of habit and social degeneration? Everything is very much in line with the tastes of contemporary people. It is natural that people generally do not consider the positive and promising parts of Proust's works and do not accept the praise of those admirers. His works describe pain far more than how to get rid of it. The artistic imbalance is reasonable, because it conforms to the truth of feelings, but for readers who dabble in his works for the first time, it is inevitable that there will be many misunderstandings. The delayed publication of "Reviving the Past" provides further reasons for these misunderstandings. It was not until 1927 (the publication of "the past reappears") that this debate finally came to an end.
However, in many subtle ways, Proust involves Freud's field: what does Proust mean when people are asleep? Instinct depth? And then what? Original state? , reminiscent of Freud? Ed. Man is driven by subconscious impulse, and he also notices many related factors in memory and thinking. Finally, he did unconsciously write Marcel, a wonderful psychoanalytic model: Oedipus, father rejection, abnormal sexual behavior, daydreaming, abnormal depression, neurosis? All these strongly confirm Freud's theory, but Proust only wants to write a person's experience, not a psychoanalytic novel.
In addition, there is a wonderful word connecting Proust and Freud: subconscious? Fortunately, Freud understood this comparison better than Einstein, which seems to be more effective. Freud talked about the subconscious, the subconscious and Freud. Proust generally talks only about the subconscious, although his language is? Unconscious? . There is no mark of Freud in Proust's views and terms, and there is no subtle indication that he has studied Freud's works when writing. What made his novel? A series of unconscious novels? Because this is a phenomenon of forgetting and remembering, as he later explained in an interview with Bowles. He believes that people's logical thinking has practical functions in reality or in the future. White people can easily disappear from our minds, but they can be recalled by memories controlled by subjective consciousness, and sometimes by accidental opportunities in memory. However, we unexpectedly found some others that we couldn't name? Forgotten things, because we never remember them, will emerge powerfully and thoroughly through non-subjective memory. No depression, no virtue, subconscious depression, moral tumor, or analytical methods can cure them, and sex has no effect.
Therefore, Proust thinks that Solomoy, Gomorrah and Women Prisoner will arouse people's moral condemnation of his works, or hate and belittle him, but on the contrary, these two works have enhanced his reputation. On the one hand, Freud was gradually accepted by people, and on the other hand, it was mainly because of the changes in the fashion of the times.
Proust's Historical Evaluation
Although there are various comments on Proust's works, it can be found that since his death, various comments have gradually become good and bad. Proust's masterpiece is next to Girls. Since then, his fame has been increasing day by day from Gail Mount, Solomoy and Gomorrah to 1923' s Female Prisoner. Of course, there are always arguments with different reputations. Some people think that the level of Solomoy and Gomorrah has declined, but it is obvious that some chapters in Female Prisoner make up for this. Then there was the blank period of publication, during which critics such as Golomuk, Pierre-Gint, Jacques and Revere maintained Proust's reputation with great enthusiasm. 1926, The Lost Albertina was published, which should have helped them, but on the contrary, this book helped the opponents. A year later, the publication of "Memories of the Past" became a new turning point in Proust's reputation, which proved that Proust's defenders were right. Jean-Yves Proust of France studied Proust? Tadiè re is called? The greatest writer of the twentieth century? .
Andre? Moroya said: Others have written fifteen or twenty novels, and sometimes they are brilliant, but they can't always give people an inspiration and have a summary impression after reading them. These authors are content to develop the famous? Veins? ; Marcel? Proust found a new one? Mineral deposits? . ?
19 19 Proust won the gungur prize for Being Girls (The Pursuit of Volume II), Le Clezio said? I found something similar to my creation from him, such as the discussion of family and inheritance. Like Proust, I found all my passion for writing from my personal family history. ? In Le Clezio's view, this pursuit has a lasting position in French literature. It describes emotions, people's souls and spiritual things, not an event or something that happened in a certain period. Just like my favorite realistic works by Mr. Lao She, it reflects the connotation of a certain culture, so it will not be forgotten with the passage of time. ?