Confucius was born in Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism and the most famous thinker and educator in ancient China.
The core concept of Confucius' ideological system is "benevolence". The simplest expression of "benevolence" is "love", that is, respect and sympathy for people Confucius carried out the ethical and moral thought with "benevolence" as the core into the political field and put forward the theory of "benevolent governance". Put forward the idea of enriching the people and benefiting the people. Oppose the blind use of harsh laws, but first demand ourselves and set an example with strict moral standards and do a good job in political work through moral influence.
In the view of heaven, Confucius did not deny the existence of ghosts and gods, but he was skeptical about ghosts and gods and advocated "staying away from ghosts and gods". Compared with destiny, Confucius paid more attention to personnel, emphasized people's subjective efforts, and gave priority to discussing and solving practical problems in the world. Generally speaking, Confucius respected reason and denied superstition, which had a great influence on the thoughts and spirits of China people for thousands of years.
The Analects of Confucius focuses on memorizing words, so it is called language. On the significance of compilation. The Analects of Confucius has been written by many people, including Confucius' disciples, Confucius' re-disciples, and people outside Confucius, but mainly Confucius' disciples. On the other hand, however, The Analects also shows the unique charm of recorded works. The language is implicit and meaningful, and the story is concise and vivid, which can often reflect the ideological depth that some long expositions cannot express, and reflect the personality and environmental interest of some long expositions. At the same time, the flexible compilation form of The Analects actually greatly increases the content of the book, reflecting Confucius' thoughts, personality, talents, interests, living environment and background of the times in many directions and angles, which is conducive to readers' comprehensive and accurate understanding of Confucius and his thoughts. No matter from the ideological value or artistic charm, The Analects of Confucius is a must-read.
Mencius is one of the Confucian classics, which occupies an extremely important position. This was written by Mencius and his disciple Zhang Wan during the Warring States Period. Mencius, a collection of China's ancient thinker Mencius' remarks, is called the Yuan Dian of China's traditional culture. Since 2000, it has not only influenced people's thoughts, but also integrated into people's daily life. The well-known stories such as "seeking fish from the edge of the wood" and "pulling out the seedlings to encourage growth", and the famous aphorisms such as "you can't have both" and "make people shine" all originated from Mencius.
Mencius, a thinker, politician and educator in the Warring States period, was born in Zou (now Zou County, Shandong Province). Young people are poor, widows raise them. Under the education of Meng Mu's "choosing neighbors" and "breaking the machine", Mencius worshipped Zisi as a teacher and devoted himself to studying Confucius' Confucianism, eventually becoming a teacher of Confucianism and being called "the sage" by later generations.
Mencius' significance to Confucianism lies in its inheritance and development of Confucius' thoughts. Mencius' ideological subject is the theory of ethics and politics, and its theoretical basis is the theory of good nature. Mencius believes that all people have compassion, shame, respect and right and wrong, and these four hearts are the seeds and roots of human cultural norms-benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. Although human nature is good in theory, in practice, people can't fully meet the standards of benevolence and righteousness. Therefore, Mencius emphasized moral cultivation to restore the lost goodness. Because of his emphasis on self-cultivation, Mencius showed strong self-esteem, self-improvement and personality independence to some extent. Extending the theory of good nature to the political field is the theory of "benevolent government", which is the core of Mencius' thought.
Mencius' theory of "benevolent government" contains the emphasis on the people, that is, the people-oriented thought, that is, taking the people as the basis of national politics. People-oriented thought is the most glorious part of Mencius' theory. He thinks the people are much more important than the monarch. "The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light." Mencius' people-oriented thought is a summary and perfection of China's ancient humanitarian thought. Although this thought is still different from modern thought, it is still worth learning.
Mencius emphasized the individual's unremitting struggle for self-improvement, and believed that "Heaven will be the great task of Sri Lankan people, so we must first suffer from their minds, work hard for their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies and do things in disorder"; As long as we constantly sharpen ourselves, we will eventually overcome difficulties and move towards success. While inheriting Confucius' theory, he expanded the benevolence and righteousness of Confucianism, making it more perfect and systematic.