1, the definition of the scene
Broadly speaking, the scene refers to the place where the actual action takes place.
In a narrow sense, the construction site generally refers to the work site where products are produced or services are provided. It is the place where workers use labor means to act on the labor object and complete certain production tasks, which is also the basic work unit we often say. In a narrow sense, the job site includes two basic production workshops (such as workshops, sections and teams). ) and workplaces of auxiliary production departments (such as warehouses, laboratories, boiler rooms, etc.). ).
Site is the most important field in business activities of enterprises, but it is also often the most neglected field by management departments.
2, the meaning of management
Generally speaking, management refers to the process of planning, organizing, leading, coordinating and controlling activities carried out by an organization to achieve organizational goals.
In other words, the so-called management is to use the effective resources of the organization and combine the wisdom and efforts of subordinates and everyone to achieve the goals of the organization. In layman's terms, management is such a process:
Use resources → work hard → achieve goals.
We can also understand management in this way: management is the manager and the management director.
Five elements of management: planning, organization, leadership, coordination and control.
"Five elements of management" is what we often call "management quality" or "management function". Different management levels or positions have different requirements for managers' management quality or management functions.
3, the meaning of on-site management
The site is the place where enterprises create profits and the lifeline of manufacturing enterprises.
On-site management is to use all kinds of effective resources of the enterprise, combine the wisdom and efforts of subordinates and everyone, and realize the goals of the enterprise (or department).
Specifically, on-site management refers to the application of scientific management ideas, management methods and management means to various production factors on site, such as people (operators and managers), machinery (machinery and equipment), materials (raw materials and parts), methods (processes and monitoring methods), environment (environment), funds (funds), energy (energy) and information (information).
Therefore, as a site manager of an enterprise, it is necessary to grasp the goals, resources and how to effectively achieve the goals, otherwise it will be difficult to become an excellent site manager.
4, the characteristics of site management
Site management has the following characteristics:
(1) Basic
Enterprise management can generally be divided into three levels, namely, decision-making management of senior leaders, executive management of middle management and on-site management of management layer. On-site management belongs to grass-roots management and is the basis of enterprise management.
(2) systematization
Field management belongs to a subsystem of enterprise management system. This system has put into people, machines, materials, methods, environment, capital, energy, information and other production factors. Through the conversion process of the production site, we can output all kinds of qualified products, semi-finished products or services, and feed back all kinds of information in the conversion process to promote the improvement of all aspects of work.
(3) participation
The core of site management is people, and all production activities and management work on site are controlled, worked and completed by people on site. However, it is not enough to improve on-site management only by a few professional managers. We must rely on the enthusiasm and creativity of all the staff on site to mobilize the majority of employees to participate in management.
(4) Openness
Site management is an open system. Between the internal and external environment of the system, it is often necessary to exchange materials and information and feedback information to ensure production and order. The collection, transmission, analysis and utilization of all kinds of information should be timely, accurate and complete, so that all personnel can see and touch it as much as possible, and everyone knows fairly well.
(5) Normality
On-site management should strictly implement the operating procedures and abide by the process discipline and various codes of conduct. The collection, transmission and analysis of various systems and information on site should be standardized, complete and eye-catching.
(6) Dynamic
The combination of various production factors on site is realized in the process of conversion between input and output. On-site management should make necessary adjustments and reasonable allocation of production factors according to the changing situation, improve the adaptability of the site to the market environment, and thus increase the competitiveness of enterprises.
Second, the basic concept of site management
In order to better manage websites, website administrators should establish the following concepts:
1. Improvement;
2. Process and result;
3. Follow PDCA cycle and SDCA cycle;
4. Put quality first;
5. speak with data;
6. The next process is the customer.
(1) improvement
The so-called "improvement", KAIZEN, is due to continuous efforts, resulting in many small steps of improvement, gradually accumulated. In the process of implementation, managers should mobilize the participation of all employees and make continuous improvement. Only in this way can improvement bring long-term benefits to enterprises.
(2) Process and result
To improve the "result", we must first improve the "process" (the production process is often called the "manufacturing process"). The failure to achieve the expected results shows that its "process" is a failure. Management should identify and correct this "process-oriented" mistake.
The process-oriented thinking mode should be applied to various improvement activities, such as PDCA cycle (planning → implementation → review → adjustment), SDCA cycle (standardization → implementation → review → adjustment), QCD (quality → cost → delivery), TQM total quality management), TPM (total production maintenance) and JIT (just-in-time production mode).
The failure of many site management lies in the contempt for "process". In the process of on-site management, the most important thing is the commitment and participation of the top management, which must be shown in time and continuously to ensure the success of on-site management.
(3) Follow PDCA cycle /SDCA cycle.
In the process of site management, the first step is to establish a PDCA cycle (such as chart 1- 1): plan → do → check (review) → act, and take PDCA cycle as a tool of site management. In order to achieve the purpose of "maintaining standards" and "improving standards". PDCA is one of the most important concepts in field management.
Any new workflow is in an unstable state in the initial stage. When PDCA improvement begins, any existing process must be stabilized first. This stable process is called SDCA cycle of standardization → doing → checking → action (as shown in figure 1-2).
(4) Quality first
In terms of quality, cost and delivery of site management, the site manager should always regard quality as the top priority. No matter how attractive the price and delivery terms are to customers, if products or services lack quality, they cannot compete. To realize the concept of "quality first", it needs the commitment of management. Because managers often face the compromise of quality because of the pressure to yield and reduce costs, they risk sacrificing quality and endangering the safety of enterprises.
(5) Speak with data
Management is a problem-solving process. In order to understand and solve the problem correctly, we must first collect and analyze relevant information to determine the truth of the problem. Trying to solve a problem without clear information is no different from intuition and hunch. This is not a scientific or objective method. Collecting the current situation information helps to understand the current focus and take it as the starting point for improvement.
(6) The next process is the customer.
All products and work are completed through a series of processing flows, and each flow has its suppliers and customers. Always regard the next process as the customer, that is, adhere to the concept of process customer in on-site management. Customers in this concept include two forms of customers: internal customers (in the company) and external customers (in the external market).
Three, the five elements of site management
The factor that the site manager can control, that is, the available resources, is usually called 4M 1E, or commonly known as "man-machine material law ring":
(1) people-manpower (people/manpower)
Employees are the greatest wealth and the most important resource of an enterprise. How to select, employ, educate and retain people is the core topic of enterprise management.
(2) machine-machine.
Machines, equipment and fixtures are sharp tools in the production site, and making full use of them is one of the responsibilities of managers.
(3) Materials-Materials
Materials are important resources for enterprise production. In most enterprises, material cost is the main component of product cost, so materials should be regarded as an important management resource.
(4) Method-Method
The technical means and standards of enterprises are very important. At the same time, corporate culture, principles, standards and norms, system processes and technical means can all be unified as the resources of "methods" and become the magic weapon for enterprises to win.
(5) environment
A good working environment, a clean workplace and a harmonious team atmosphere will help to enhance the enthusiasm of employees and thus improve the chances of achieving their goals. Excellent website managers are good at creating a good environment. At the same time, external competition and living environment can also be used as incentives for managers.
In addition to the above elements of 4M 1E, such as money, information and market. It is also an important resource for enterprises, but for most site managers, the resource that is easier to obtain and use is 4m1e.
Four. Objectives and principles of site management
1, customer demand
Almost all enterprises are facing the same problem, that is, how to continuously meet the needs of customers, because without customers' expectations, enterprises will have no future. There is a famous saying in the business world: "The customer is God", and what needs to be added is: "The customer is God, a God who does not know how to forgive." Therefore, if an enterprise wants to set its own management goals, it is natural to know where the customer's needs are and whether the enterprise's goals can match the customer's needs, so that the enterprise can have a bright future.
The customer's demand can be roughly summarized into four points: high-quality products, reasonable prices, accurate delivery and satisfactory prices.
2, the goal of site management
Management needs goals. In order to meet the needs of customers, the management department of an enterprise can set the following six QCDPSM targets:
(1)q- quality.
Quality refers not only to the quality of products or services, but also to the "process quality" necessary to complete these products and services. Quality is the decisive battle field for future enterprises. In the fierce market competition, there is no tomorrow without quality.
The quality objectives of an enterprise should be formulated according to the characteristics of its products. Generally, you can set one or more of the following indicators:
Ⅰ quantitative index
◆ Manufacturing yield = number of good products/output * 100%
= (production number-) defective number/production number * 100%
=1-nonconformity rate
◆ Manufacturing defect rate = defective quantity/production quantity * 100%
=1-nonconformity rate
Scrap rate = scrap quantity/production quantity * 100%
◆ Sampling defect rate = number of sampling defects/production quantity * 100%
◆ Batch qualification rate = (qualified batch+1/2 special batch)/submitted batch * 100%.
= [1-(rejected batch+1/2 special batch)/submitted batch] * 100%
◆ Quality achievement rate = 1-[2/3 * (rejected batch+1/2 special mining batch)/submitted batch+1/3* (rejected quantity+1/2 special mining quantity) * 100%.
◆ Quality cost = prevention cost+appraisal cost+failure cost.
◆ Quality cost rate = quality cost/manufacturing cost * 100%
◆ Number of customer complaints
◆ Quantity/amount/quantity returned by customers
Ⅱ non-quantitative index
◆ Abnormal quality condition
◆ Process stability
◆ Staff quality concept/quality consciousness
◆ Quality training
◆ Establishment and maintenance of quality system
◆ Product authority certification
◆ Supplier consultation
◆ Customer complaints
……
(2)C- cost (cost)
Cost refers to the total cost of designing, producing, selling and serving products or "services". Reasonable cost is not only to win more profits for enterprises, but also a strong guarantee for products to have market competitiveness.
Site management cost target can set one or more of the following indicators:
Ⅰ quantitative index
◆ Manufacturing cost = direct material+direct labor+manufacturing cost
◆ Material cost
◆ Direct labor
◆ Manufacturing cost
◆ Scrap rate
◆ Dull material quantity/amount/proportion
◆ Material turnover rate
◆ Quality cost
◆ Cost comparison
A. actual cost/standard cost
B. Actual cost/budgeted cost
C. Current cost/expected cost
Ⅱ non-quantitative index
◆ Cost concept/cost consciousness
◆ Cost education
◆ Budget system
◆ Cost control
……
(3) Delivery
Delivery refers to the timely delivery of the required quantity of products to customers to meet their needs. Providing the required products in time is the key to retain old customers, because customers are God and unforgivable.
Site management delivery target can set one or more of the following indicators:
Ⅰ quantitative index
◆ Delivery rate = number of delivery batches/total delivery batches * 100%
◆ Days of delayed delivery
◆ Monthly business target achievement rate = monthly business performance/monthly business plan * 100%.
◆ Air freight charges
Ⅱ non-quantitative index
◆ Contract review
◆ Sales plan
◆ Capacity load balancing
◆ Customer complaints
◆ Progress tracking
……
(4) production efficiency
The so-called efficiency means that in the same time, if the output is large, the efficiency will be high. Efficiency is the measure of department performance, the foundation of enterprise's survival and development, and the benchmark of work improvement.
The efficiency target of site management can set one or more of the following indicators:
Ⅰ quantitative index
◆ Operating efficiency (production efficiency) = actual output/standard output * 100%
= standard operating time/actual operating time * 100%
◆ Crop yield = actual operation time/actual attendance time * 100%
Or = (actual attendance time-lost time)/actual attendance time * 100%
◆ Comprehensive efficiency = operation efficiency * output rate
= (actual output * standard working hours/actual operation time * 100%)* (actual operation time/actual attendance time * 100%)
◆ Various abnormal working hours
◆ Monthly production plan achievement rate = monthly production performance/monthly production plan * 100%.
◆ Daily production target achievement rate = daily output/daily plan * 100%
Ⅱ non-quantitative index
◆ Office work efficiency
◆ Exception handling
◆ Revision of standard working hours
◆ Work efficiency
……
(5)S- safety
The basic meaning of safety is that production must pay attention to safety, and safety can produce. Safety in production is an inseparable and complete concept. Without safety, normal production cannot be carried out, and it is meaningless to talk about safety without production.
Site management safety objectives can be one or more of the following indicators:
Ⅰ quantitative index
◆ Number of safety accidents
◆ Number of safety accident losses
◆ Safe production cycle
◆ Work-related injury and vacation accidents
Ⅱ non-quantitative index
◆ Safety awareness
◆ Safety operation specifications
◆ Safety education
◆ Safety Competition
◆ Safety drill
◆ Safety assessment
……
(6)M- morale
Morale mainly refers to the working face of a group or members, and the core content is group cohesion. Strong team and high morale are the expression of enterprise vitality and inexhaustible valuable resources.
On-site management morale target can be set as one or more of the following indicators:
Ⅰ quantitative index
◆ Employee turnover rate
◆ Increase the number of cases filed/per capita.
The tangible results of qcc activities
◆ Per capita output value
Ⅱ non-quantitative index
◆ 5S achievement
◆ QCC intangible achievements
◆ Team spirit
◆ Cultural and sports activities
……
3, the three basic principles of site management
To implement site management, everyone in the enterprise must be committed to the following three basic principles:
(1) environmental maintenance
Environmental maintenance is an indispensable part of good management. Sustained by the environment. Employees learn and practice self-discipline. Without self-discipline, it is impossible to provide customers with quality products and services.
(2) Eliminate waste
Waste refers to any activity with no added value. People at the scene are either creating added value or not. The same is true of other resources such as machines and materials. Eliminating waste may be the most effective way to improve productivity and reduce activity costs. The focus of on-site management is to eliminate waste on site, not to increase value by increasing investment.
(3) standardization
"Standard" can be defined as the best way to do things. A product or service is the result of a series of processes. In order to ensure quality, certain standards should be maintained in each process. Maintaining standards is a way to ensure quality and prevent mistakes from happening again in each process.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) The task of site management.
(1) Production plan completed
Whether it is planned production or order production, as the site, responsible for completing the daily production plan. If you can't finish the production plan, you can't finish the marketing plan, and you can't generate profits for the enterprise. If this state continues, the enterprise will not exist. Therefore, in the production process, even if there is a little bad situation, it should not be attributed to the operator or other departments, but must be responsible for solving the problem, so as to complete the production plan.
(2) Maintenance and improvement of product quality
The production site is responsible for preventing unqualified products and producing products that meet the specifications. As a site, we should not only produce products that meet the specifications, but also strive to improve the quality without increasing the cost. Otherwise, enterprises will lose the chance of survival in the competition.
(3) Observe the delivery date and shorten the delivery date.
The responsibility for observing the delivery date agreed with the customer is mainly on the spot. However, the materials used in the production site are often late, the project is defective, the production equipment fails, labor disasters occur, and most unexpected people are absent from work. Even in these cases, the site management personnel should make every effort to observe the delivery date and try their best to shorten the construction period (the time to produce products), thus shortening the delivery date.
(4) Maintain and reduce the standard cost.
The production site has the responsibility to control the manufacturing cost. We should not only maintain the standard cost, but also seek to reduce the cost and gain the price advantage in the market competition.
(5) Normal operation, maintenance and spot check of mechanical equipment
Correct use of machinery and equipment in the production site, and regular inspection and maintenance of specified contents. When there is an abnormality, it is also the job of the production site to maintain the equipment, otherwise the planned production quantity cannot be completed.
(6) Carry out 5S activities
"5S" refers to sorting, rectifying, sweeping, cleaning and literacy, which plays an important role in standardizing on-site management, improving production efficiency in production sites and preventing labor disasters. Therefore, we should make great efforts to implement 5S every day, otherwise it will go downhill and hinder the normal operation of production.
(7) Prevention of labor disasters
The production site has the responsibility to prevent labor disasters. Have the responsibility to eliminate unsafe factors and unsafe operation behaviors.
Six, the relationship between on-site management resources, objectives and management projects
Chart 1-3
Seven. Conditions for successful site management
Site management is not only responsible for production, but also for quality and success. The following are the conditions for successful site management:
1. Site management must bear the responsibility of QCD;
2. The website should be given full freedom to improve;
3. The management should put forward the improvement goals to be achieved on site, but should be responsible for the results;
4. People who work in the field can easily recognize the needs of the field;
5. On-site personnel should think about various questions and their answers;
6. Minimize the resistance to change;
7. Continuous adjustment is possible;
8. Can get a substantive answer;
9. On-site management should focus on common sense and low-cost solutions rather than expensive and established method-oriented solutions;
10. Employees begin to be willing to improve and are prone to failure;
1 1. At the same time, it can enhance the efficiency of improved cognition and work improvement;
12. Operators can think about improvement in their work;
13. In order to engage in improvement, frequent authorization for business opportunity management is not allowed.
Eight, the job responsibilities of the site manager
1, job responsibilities
The job responsibilities of the site manager are closely related to the management objectives, resources and tasks. According to the definition of management, the job of the site manager can be defined as:
Using 4M 1E resources in the enterprise, the goal of QCDPSM is achieved through planning, organization, leadership, coordination and control.
On this basis, the job responsibilities of on-site managers are obtained.
(1) Arrange production according to the production plan and scheduling instructions.
◆ Assign production tasks;
◆ Fill in various production reports;
◆ Adjust the work according to the specific situation.
(2) Implementation of process standards
◆ Education and implementation of process standards;
◆ Daily supervision;
◆ Problem correspondence.
(3) Efficiency management
◆ Reduce non-operation time;
◆ Improve the proficiency of employees;
◆ Improve working methods.
(4) Quality management
◆ Understand the engineering defect daily;
◆ Quality inspection;
◆ Analysis countermeasures of quality abnormality;
◆ Operating instructions for employees.
(5) Work instructions
◆ How to use new equipment and tools;
◆ Mastery of new product technology;
◆ Mastery of special skills;
◆ Teaching for new or changed personnel;
◆ Other operating standards that should be known.
(6) Management of equipment and tools
◆ Teach and check the use of equipment and tools;
◆ Daily maintenance of equipment;
◆ Safety specifications.
(7) Environmental 5S management
◆ Arrangement of health responsibility;
◆ Establish environmental consolidation standards;
◆ Daily 5S spot check.
(8) Subordinate work management
◆ Subordinate work supervision;
◆ Work performance records of subordinates;
◆ Assessment of subordinates' performance;
◆ Communication and interview.
(9) Attendance management
◆ Leave for approval;
◆ Fill in attendance information;
◆ Personnel absence adjustment;
◆ Overtime application and arrangement.
(10) Implementation of company rules and regulations
◆ Publicity;
◆ Resolutely implement;
◆ Supervision and inspection.
2, the manager's work philosophy
(1) The role of managers. The role of managers in enterprises is multiple, which can be understood from the following aspects:
◆ Leader: lead subordinates and accomplish work goals through them;
◆ Supervisor: Supervise and assess the work and behavior of subordinates appropriately;
◆ Communicator: release the upper feelings and convey the necessary work information;
◆ Coordinator: Coordinate the work and tasks between colleagues and subordinates;
◆ Trainer: Provide necessary training and supervision to subordinates;
◆ Executor: Strong executive ability and good completion of his own work;
◆ Deployer: allocate and utilize enterprise resources reasonably;
◆ Supporters: give the most powerful support and help to subordinates in spirit and material;
Good subordinates: be kind to superiors and perform the duties of subordinates.
(2) Self-discipline of managers
Take the initiative to face difficult work;
◆ I am the embodiment of the operator and the driving force to promote business;
The failure of subordinates and organizations is my responsibility;
Work quickly and pay attention to efficiency;
◆ Use clear data to judge matters;
◆ Self-inspiration and continuous inspiration;
◆ Positive action;
◆ Actively cultivate subordinates;
◆ Perseverance and perseverance.