1. Translation of the mainstay classical Chinese text

Original text: Seven hundred miles from the Three Gorges, there are mountains on both sides, with no gaps at all; the mountains are stacked with mountains, hiding the sky and blocking out the sun: Midnight at Zi Fei Pavilion Minutes, no Xiyue.

As for Xiashui Xiangling, it is blocked along the way. Or if the king's order is urgently announced, sometimes he will send the White Emperor in the morning and arrive at Jiangling in the evening. During the journey of 1,200 miles, even if he rides on the wind and rides on the wind, he will not be sick.

In spring and winter, the green pool is green and the reflection is clear. There are many grotesque cypresses growing in the valley, with springs and waterfalls hanging down between them.

Qingrongjunmao, a lot of fun. Every sunny and frosty day, the woods are cold and the streams are austere. A tall ape often calls out, which is very bleak.

There is a sound in the empty valley, and the sorrow lasts for a long time. Therefore, a fisherman sang: "The Badong Three Gorges and the Wu Gorge are long, and the apes cry three times and shed tears on their clothes!" Translation: In the seven hundred miles of the Three Gorges, the mountains on both sides are connected with the mountains, and there is almost no gap.

The layers of mountains and rock peaks cover the sky and block the sunlight. If it is not noon and midnight, the sun and moon cannot be seen.

In summer, the water overflows the hills on both sides, and the upstream and downstream waterways are cut off. Sometimes the emperor's orders had to be conveyed quickly. He would leave Baidi City in the morning and arrive at Jiangling in the evening. There were one thousand two hundred miles apart, and even if he was riding a galloping horse or flying in the wind, it wouldn't be so fast.

In spring and winter, white rapids swirl with clear waves; deep green pools reflect the mountains on both sides. In the high mountains, there grows many odd-shaped cypress trees, in the mountains, often suspended springs and waterfalls whipping. Clear water, lush trees, precipitous mountains, and lush green grass, which is really interesting.

Every time it is clear after a rain or in the early morning of a frosty day, the woods and mountains are deserted and desolate. There are often apes and monkeys chirping loudly from high places. The sound is continuous and extremely shrill. It echoed in the empty valley and took a long time to disappear.

So the fishermen sang: "The Badong Three Gorges and the Wu Gorge are long, and the apes cry three times and shed tears on their clothes." The author Li Daoyuan (about 466-527) lived in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Northern Wei Dynasty. He was born in He comes from a family of officials in Zhuo County, Hebei Province, and has loved traveling since he was a boy.

Later, when he became an official, he traveled to various places. In addition to visiting places of interest, he also carefully surveyed the water flow topography and understood the coastal geography, landforms, soil, climate, people's production and life, and the region. changes, etc. He discovered that the ancient geography book - "Shui Jing" lacked accurate records of the ins and outs of large and small rivers. However, due to the change of times, the rise and fall of cities, some rivers changed their courses and their names changed, but there was no supplement or explanation in the book. .

Li Daoyuan then personally annotated the "Shui Jing". In order to write "Shui Jing Zhu", he read more than 400 related books, consulted all maps, studied a large number of cultural relics, and personally visited the field to verify the records in the books.

"Shui Jing" originally recorded 137 large and small rivers, with more than 10,000 words. After Li Daoyuan's annotation, the number of large and small rivers increased to 1,252, with more than 300,000 words, an increase of 20% from the original work. times. The book describes the origin and flow direction of each river, the physical geography and economic geography of each river basin, as well as volcanoes, hot springs, water conservancy projects, etc.

This book has beautiful and vivid writing, and it can also be said to be a literary work. Due to the great value of "Shui Jing Zhu" in the history of Chinese scientific and cultural development, many scholars in the past dynasties have studied it specifically, forming a "Li Xue".

Li Daoyuan, with a long courtesy name, was first promoted to the title of Marquis of Yongning and was demoted to the rank of uncle. Li Biao, the lieutenant of the imperial censor, used Daoyuan to enforce the law and engrave the Qing Dynasty. He was appointed by Taifu to serve as the official censor.

Biao was played by Li Chong, a servant, and Daoyuan was dismissed as an official. Jingmingzhong was the chief historian of the East Prefecture of Jizhou Town.

Yu Jin, the governor, was the father of the empress Shun. The expedition to Guanzhong in the west did not reach the state. Daoyuan was in charge for three years.

The government is harsh, officials are afraid of it, and traitors and thieves flee to other places. After the imperial examination, he guarded Luyang County. Daoyuan established the order of the school and advocated learning and teaching.

The edict said: "Luyang was originally a barbarian and did not have a university. Now it can be listened to and transformed into a good and educated man."

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When Daoyuan was in the county, the mountain barbarians did not dare to join the bandits because of his reputation. In Yanchang, he was the governor of Dongjing Province and governed with great power, just like in Jizhou.

Barbarians Zhique sued him, and asked the former governor Kou Zuli to send Daoyuan back to the capital.

Later, he was appointed as Emperor Yin of Henan Province. The towns of Shuo, Bogulu, Wuchuan, Fuming, Rouxuan, Huaihuang, and Yuyi were changed into prefectures, and their counties, counties, and garrison names were ordered to be the ancient cities.

The imperial edict was issued to Yuanzhi. Jie was also the minister of Huangmen, and Chiyi and the governor Li Chongchou should set up and eliminate the remaining people to suppress the rebellion, but failed to return.

At the beginning of Xiaochang, Liang sent generals to attack Yangzhou and assassinate Yuan Faseng. He also rebelled in Pengcheng. He ordered Daoyuan to hold the throne, serve as a minister, and take charge of the army.

Liang Jun arrived in Guoyang and was defeated. Many gains were made in the discussion.

Later, with the exception of Lieutenant Yushi, the powerful people were afraid of him.

His reputation was even more damaged. . Sizhou Mu and Wang Yue of Runan often visited Qiu Nian and got up with him.

It was mostly because of Nian that he hid in Yue's home. Daoyuan paid a secret visit. , take him to prison.

Empress Dowager Yue Qiling, please forgive her. Daoyuan then fulfilled her orders and imprisoned Yue at that time. Xiao Bao's rebellious behavior was slightly revealed. Hui Su, the king of Chengyang, was jealous of Dao Yuan. Because of his ridicule to the imperial court, Bao worried about Dao Yuan and sent him to surround Dao Yuan in Yinpan Yiting. /p>

The pavilion is on a hill, and there is a well under the hill. Since it is surrounded, there is no water for more than ten feet.

The thief climbed over the wall and entered with him. Both his younger brother Dao (Que) were killed.

Dao Yuanmu scolded the thieves and died. Baoyu sent his father and son to be buried in the east of Chang'an City.

The incident was peaceful. Also, he presented it to the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, the governor of Jizhou, and the male of Anding County. Daoyuan was fond of learning and read many rare books. He wrote and annotated forty volumes of "Shui Jing" and thirteen chapters of "Benzhi".

"Qipin" and other articles are all published in the world. However, the brothers could not get along well and had many jealousies. At that time, Bo's translation said that the Yangtze River continued to flow eastward and passed through Wu Gorge.

Wu Gorge was Du Yu. The king sent people to dig holes to connect the river. Guo Zhongchan said: "According to "Hanshu Geography", Wushan is in the southwest of Wushan County, but now Wushan is in the east of Wushan County. This is probably the county. Maybe it’s because the location is not fixed! "The Yangtze River passes through Wu Gorge and flows eastward, passing by Xinbengtan.

This mountain collapsed once in the twelfth year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty, and again in the second year of Taiyuan of the Jin Dynasty. The collapsed At that time, the water flowed back for more than a hundred miles, setting off waves dozens of feet high.

Nowadays, some of the stones on the beach are round like baskets, some are square like baskets, and there are many like this. , all rolled down from the collapsed cliff, making the rushing river even more turbulent, so it is called the New Collapse Beach. Compared with other mountains, the remaining parts of the collapsed cliff are quite towering.

More than ten miles down the road from Xinbentan 2. The classical Chinese translation of Dumu’s Pillar

Zhuzhu·(Ming Dynasty) Dumu Zhuzhu[1]·(Ming Dynasty) Dumu. The mainstay is located fifty miles east of Shaanzhou, in the middle of the Yellow River.

It is named because it resembles a pillar. "Yu Gong" says that it leads to the east of the river to the mainstay.

In the fifth month of Guiyou, when I was traveling to Shaanxi, I met Qian Xian and Duan Jun Wenji talked about it while drinking [3], and I eagerly wanted to travel with him, so that things would not work. In October, I returned to Shaanxi, and Duan Jun had already traveled before me, so I went back to Shaanxi.

On Yimao, Yan Junru, the governor of the state, ordered students Xiong Fu and Zhang Chongmian to follow him. They left the state for twenty miles for lunch, and then walked along the river for another twenty miles, and arrived at Sanmen for ten miles. Jijin. There are three gates [4], the middle one is called the Divine Gate, the south gate is called the Ghost Gate, and the north gate is the Human Gate.

The first one is a huge stone, which is as flat as a stone. It reminds me of the flood of the river in the past. The chisel is three. The water moves through it, and the sound is as loud as thunder.

The ghost gate is particularly dangerous. Once the boat enters, it is rarely called ghost. The three gates are about the same. Twenty feet.

Fifty steps to the northeast is the mainstay, which is about three feet high and several feet high.

According to legend, there was an inscription by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, but it does not exist today. Cai's "Shu Zhuan" regards Sanmen as the mainstay [5], and "Zhou Zhi" also states that the mainstay is Sanmen Mountain: neither of them has ever visited the place in person, so this is the fallacy.

According to the "Book of Sui", seven years after the great cause was recorded, the mainstay mountain collapsed and blocked the river, flowing back for dozens of miles. The mainstay is now standing in the middle of the river, with no earthworks on it, and the river is only as wide as three gates. How could it collapse and cause the river to flow backwards for dozens of miles? There are mountains on both sides of the Gaiji River. It was thought that they might collapse at that time, so people thought of them as their mainstays, and Shi Shi wrote about it [6].

Mencius said: "It is better to have no faith in the Book than to have no Book at all." That's right! Notes: [1] Pillar: a bottom pillar, located in the north of Shaanxian County, Henan Province, and the southeast of Pinglu County, Shanxi Province.

Standing in the middle of the Yellow River, its shape is like a pillar, which is the so-called "mainstay". [2] "Yu Gong": An article in "Shang Shu", which contains the record of "guiding the river... eastward to the bottom pillar".

[3] Qian Xian: the nickname for the censor Qian Yushi in the Ming Dynasty. [4] Sanmen: That is, Sanmen Gorge, east of Shaanxi County and west of Mainstay.

There are two stone islands in the river, which divide the river into three gorges, forming the Three Gorges of Human Gate, Shenmen and Ghost Gate. Among them, the human gate is wider and can pass through the boat; the ghost gate is the narrowest, and the water flow is very fast, so boats dare not enter without permission.

The Sanmenxia Reservoir has been built here. [5] Cai's "Shu Zhuan": refers to Cai Shen's "Collected Biography of Shangshu" of Song Dynasty.

"Shang Shu. Yu Gong":: The bottom pillar analyzes the city, as for the king's house. Cai Chen noted: "The bottom pillar stone flows in the middle of the river, and its shape is like a pillar. It is the Sanmen Mountain in Shaanxian County, Shaanzhou today." "

[6] Shishi: refers to the author of "Book of Sui". Du Mu (1459-1525), a writer of the Ming Dynasty.

The courtesy name is Xuanjing, a native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. In the 10th year of Hongzhi In the second year of his career, he became a Jinshi, appointed as the head of the Ministry of Works, and became a doctor in the Ministry of Rites.

He is the author of "Records of the Western Envoy", "Jin Xie Lin Lang", "Nan Hao Poems" and "Nan Hao". "Poetry" and other books. Bu Mu's "Zhu" is not so much a travel note as an essay on the investigation of Zhu.

The whole text has only three paragraphs, and the first paragraph is written by himself. It talks about the main pillars, the desire to visit the main pillars and the determination to visit the main pillars. The second paragraph describes the process of visiting the main pillars: starting from Shaanzhou, walking along the river to Sanmen, looking at the three gates and the main pillars. The third paragraph is about visiting the main pillars. Examining and refuting the fallacies about the pillars in the historical books and biographies. This is indeed a good travelogue.

However, if we read the original text carefully and chew it carefully, we will find that Du Mu was right about the pillars. This is the core and essence of this short article, and it is also the "mainstay" of this article. Maybe it's because the title is not "Travel to the Mainland" or "Travel Notes of the Mainland". In ancient times, tourists often visited the great rivers and mountains of the motherland not just for sightseeing, but also for inspection, collecting customs, etc.

This short article clearly reflects this point. In terms of the entire content and layout, "The Pillar" is also unique.

The opening two sentences are extremely concise. It clearly explains that the mainstay is located "in the Yellow River", fifty miles away from Shaanzhou. The name "mainstay" comes from its "shaped like a pillar". Here, the three words "shaped like a pillar" explain the origin of the name of the mainstay. , but more importantly, it paved the way for the subsequent two natural paragraphs to examine the mainstay.

The layout of the article is wonderful here. For example, in the second natural paragraph, the part is very useful. The "Three Gates" are written in heavy ink, including their geographical location, name and origin, the conditions of water movement among them, etc.

This seems to be contrary to the main title, but it is not the case. , one is to explain that the location of the mainstay is "50 steps northeast" of the third gate, and the second is to contrast it with the mainstay to form a sharp contrast, indicating that the third gate is not the mainstay, and the mainstay is not the third gate.

In the first natural paragraph, it has been pointed out that the mainstay is "shaped like a pillar", but what about the three gates? "It was originally a huge stone, but it was as flat as a stone". Although Yu "cut it into three", it was "as flat as a stone". "Ti" will not change, right? Obviously, "flat as a stone" does not mean "shaped like a pillar".

And what about the mainstay of Sanmen's "Fifty Steps to the Northeast"? "It's about three feet high, and it's several feet long", obviously "shaped like a pillar". This shows the author's good intentions in writing.

For another example, in the third natural paragraph, Du Mu still clings to the "shaped pillar" feature of the mainstay to argue and refute the fallacies of the book and the biography. The authors of "Shu Zhuan" and "Zhou Zhi" made the three gates the mainstay because they had never visited the place in person.

Obviously, if you visit the place in person and you can tell which one is "flat as a stone" and which one is "shaped like a pillar" at a glance, there will be no fallacy. For the same reason, there would be no ridiculous record in the "Book of Sui" about a pillar collapsing and "blocking the river".

The third aspect of the article "The Pillar" is valuable because Bumu inspected the three gates and the pillars by visiting them, which not only enriched the story about the pillars in "Yu Gong" records, and corrected the fallacies in "Shu Zhuan" and "Zhou Zhi", especially the fallacies in "Sui Shu". What's more, it explains the relationship between learning book knowledge and learning in practice in a well-founded and insightful way, confirming Mencius' famous saying: "It is better to have no faith in the Book than to have no Book at all."

Here, Bu Mu emphasized that it is not just books but facts. You must read the book, but you must read it critically.

Books are the accumulation of valuable experience of our predecessors and one of the ways for generations of human beings to acquire knowledge. However, you can’t just study and chew books. You should ask more questions as you read.

At the same time, we must pay attention to practice, test book knowledge in practice, and enrich and develop book knowledge. This is the correct way to read.

Du Mu’s point of view is also applicable to today’s scholars. In addition, concise language is also an important feature of the article "The Pillar".

A sentence such as "It is named after its shape resembles a column" serves to guide the entire article. Only "According to legend, there was an inscription by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, but it does not exist today", which is enough to show the meticulousness of his investigation.

There is also "Yue Ran." 3. Who can help me translate the classical Chinese article "The Mainstay"?

"Yanzi Chunqiu · Neipian Remonstrance": "I try to follow Jun Ji. On the river, the turtle holds its left tail in its mouth and flows into the mainstay. "The mainstay is located in the rapids below the Sanmenxia Dam. The boatmen on the Yellow River also call it "Come to Me", about 30 kilometers away from the city. In winter, when the water is shallow, it is more than two feet above the water; in flood season, it is only A spire is exposed, and it looks as if it will be swallowed up by the flood. It is extremely dangerous. For thousands of years, no matter it is attacked by violent storms or washed by rough waves, it has always turned the tide and stood majestically in the Yellow River, like an angry lion, strong and strong. Fearlessness has been hailed as a symbol of the Chinese national spirit since ancient times. In 638 AD, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty Li Shimin came here and wrote the poem "Looking up at the main pillar, looking north at the Dragon Gate, the vast traces of Yu, the vast Changchun", and ordered his minister Wei Zheng. The famous calligrapher Liu Gongquan also wrote a long poem for it, including "A solitary peak floats on the water, and a pillar nails the center of the wave." Withstand the dangers of the three gates and have deep roots. The shape of the pillar is abrupt, and it floats and sinks with the waves."

The mainstay. It is said that the mainstay is a river-controlling stone pillar left by Dayu when he was controlling the floods. It is also said that it is the incarnation of an old boatman on the Yellow River. A long time ago , an old boatman led several cargo ships to sail downstream. When the ship reached the mouth of the Shenmen River, the weather suddenly changed, the wind continued, and the rain poured down. In an instant, the canyon was filled with white waves and mist, making it difficult to see the water flow and direction. The old boatman sailed through the Shenmen, and when he saw that the boat was about to be pushed to the rocks by the wind and waves, the old boatman shouted: "Stand the steering wheel, come to me." He jumped into the waves. The boatmen still couldn't figure it out. What happened? I heard someone in front shouting "Come to me, come to me." It turned out that it was the old boatman who was standing in the rapids to guide the boat. The boatmen came to the front and were about to pull him onto the boat when a wave pushed the boat. Downstream, out of danger. The boatmen tied the boat downstream and went back to find the old boatman. They saw that he had turned into a stone island, standing upright in the rapids, guiding the passing ships. Therefore, people took this island. Shidao--"The Mainstay" is also called "Come to Me".

4. "The Pillar" was translated by Du Mu, as long as it is translated

How could it happen that the river was blocked and the water flowed back for dozens of miles? Probably because there are mountains on both sides of the river, some people thought it might collapse, so everyone called it the mainstay. The mainstay is fifty miles east of Shaanzhou. Now it stands tall in the middle of the river, with no soil or trees on it, and The river is only as wide as three gates. Zhang Chongmian followed me there (the mainstay). The north gate is the human gate, and the south gate is called the ghost gate. The middle of the Yellow River is as level as a gouge. The river flooded in those years.

Because it resembles a pillar, it is named the pillar. "Yu Gong" records that he had lunch twenty miles outside the state, with a radius of about several feet.

It is said that there is an inscription by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

Cai's "Shu Zhuan" takes Sanmen as the mainstay, and "Zhou Zhi" also believes that the mainstay is Sanmen Mountain: referring to Shangshu). It is better to have no "Shu" and the sound is like thunder. The gate of ghosts is particularly dangerous. Only one can enter in a boat, and few escape, so it is called a ghost.

Fifty steps northeast of it is the mainstay. About three feet high.

They should have started out as a big rock, when a feast was given. In October, I returned to Shaanxi. Duan Wenji had already gone there once before me.

The three gates were very large, about twenty feet wide. They are no longer there and were cut into three pieces by Yu. The water was flowing through it, so I decided to go there, and historians recorded this as history.

Mencius said: "Believe in the Book" (note. In the year of Yi Mao, Yan Ruhuan, the governor of the state, asked Xiong Fu, a student of the state, to talk about the scenery of the mainstay.

I really wanted to see it, but I didn't go because of official business. In May of Guiyou, I passed through Shaanxi and met Duan Wenji. I could reach the main pillar by leading the river east, which is where the name is really appropriate. "

It makes sense. The main pillar landslide blocked the river, causing the river to flow back for dozens of miles. Main pillar: But the author did not go to investigate in person, so there was a misunderstanding.

"Sui Shu" records that in the seventh year of Daye, they walked along the river for another 20 miles and reached Sanmen Jijin. The middle one was called Shenmen.