The book has its own golden house, and the book has its own beauty like jade

Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng (December 23, 968 - March 23, 1022), the third person in the Song Dynasty Emperor, the third son of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, his mother was Empress Li of Yuande. His first name was Zhao Dechang, later changed to Zhao Yuanxiu and Zhao Yuankan. He was granted the title of King of Han, King of Xiang and King of Shou, and he once served as the prefect of Kaifeng.

In the first year of Zhidao (995), he was established as prince and changed his name to Heng. [1] In the third year of Zhidao (997), Zhao Heng ascended the throne. When Zhao Heng came to the throne, he appointed Li Hang and others as prime ministers and were diligent in political affairs. In the first year of Jingde (1004), the Liao Dynasty invaded. Prime Minister Kou Zhun persuaded Zhao Heng to fight against all odds. The two sides fought at Chanyuan, 300 miles away from the capital Tokyo. The situation was favorable to the Northern Song Dynasty, but Zhao Heng was afraid of the invasion. In response to the Liao's momentum, and considering that the two sides had been fighting for a long time with each other winning or losing, regardless of Kou Zhun's objections, they agreed to form an alliance and reconcile in Chanyuan by giving the Liao a certain amount of gold and silver every year as "year-old coins", which was known as the "Chanyuan Alliance" in history. After that, the Northern Song Dynasty entered a period of economic prosperity, known as the "Xianping Rule" in history.

In the later period of Zhao Heng's reign, he appointed Wang Qinruo and Ding Wei as prime ministers. The two often confused the government and the public with the theory of "Fu Rui" in the heavenly book. Zhao Heng also indulged in the matter of enshrining Zen, building palaces and temples extensively, wasting people and money, causing social harm. The deepening of conflicts made the problem of "internal and external troubles" in the Northern Song Dynasty increasingly serious.

In the first year of Qianxing (1022), Zhao Heng died at the age of fifty-five and reigned for twenty-five years. His posthumous title is Emperor Wenming Zhangsheng Yuanxiao, and his temple name is Zhenzong. Buried in Yongding Mausoleum. Later, the posthumous titles were accumulated to the title of Fu Ji Gu Sheng Gong, Deming Ming, Wu Ding, Zhang Sheng, Yuan Xiao, Emperor.

Zhao Heng is good at literature and calligraphy. The famous proverb "The book has its own golden house, and the book has its own beauty like jade" comes from him. Its purpose is to encourage scholars to study for imperial examinations and participate in political affairs, so that the Song Dynasty can recruit wise men to govern the world.

Character Evaluation

General Comment

During the 25 years of Zhao Heng’s reign, he had good governance. The rule of the Northern Song Dynasty became increasingly solid, the national management became increasingly perfect, and the social economy prospered. The Northern Song Dynasty was relatively strong, and it was known as the "Xian Dynasty" in history. "Pingzhizhi".

However, unlike the battle-hardened Taizu and Taizong, Zhao Heng, who had lived in a deep palace since childhood, had a weak character and lacked the determination and courage to pioneer and innovate. In his opinion, Adhering to the Huang-Lao thought advocated by Taizong in his later years and continuing to maintain the established situation was the best choice. After the Song and Liao Dynasties signed the Chanyuan Alliance, Zhenzong did nothing politically. Instead, he devoted himself to enshrining sacrifices, whitewashing peace, and building palaces. It can be seen that the "internal and external troubles" of the Song Dynasty became increasingly serious due to the waste of people and money.

Evaluation of the past dynasties

Fu Bi: ①The emperor must evaluate his talents before envoys. To make it impossible to avoid, Zhenzong used Guo Zhi and Chen Ruozhuo to guard the vassal counties, each relinquished his duties, one was responsible for sending, and the other was responsible for surrender. If you allow a few words to be deceived, it will affect one's honor and disgrace, but it will affect the interests and safety of the world. Isn't it careless? The king said: The Song Dynasty prospered, and after the five seasons, the world was freed from the suffering of war and revolution, and in the era of Zhenzong, peace reigned. , It's like this. Since Xianping, the emperor has been wise and the ministers have been good. The family has enough food and no punishment. Offering sacrifices to Fensui and paying homage to Boshe are all unparalleled examples. The rituals and music are clear and the songs are full of praise. They worship the people and report their merits to the gods. It will last for a thousand years. Alas, the virtuous people who guarded the success made the rule prosperous, and Zhou became prosperous. , Han Wenjing can compare with virtue.

Tuotuo: The master of Zhenzong Yingwu. When he first took up his position, Li Hang, the prime minister, was concerned about his cleverness and would do more, and reported disasters to stop his extravagance. There is something to be seen. When the alliance was established in Chanzhou, the auspicious and auspicious events were carried out, and the heavenly books were sent down repeatedly to welcome the emperor. It is strange that the king and ministers of the country were so sick that they cried out.

Zhu Yuanzhang. : Zhenzong was also called Xianjun. Li Hang, his first prime minister, heard about disasters every day, but he was still wary. Later, he made alliance with Lang, and the ministers first opened the heavenly book to flatter his heart. The ministers tried to cater to him and tried to please him. Those who said auspicious words came one after another on the way, and more than 30,000 copies of Zhicao were offered.

Cai Dongfan: Chanyuan Xiuhe was originally the original intention of Zhenzong. Watching him stay on the road, seeing the enemy is frightening, it is like being in the mouth of a tiger. , Li Li is in danger.

Lai Kou is ready to cross the river with all his strength, and the enemy's spirit will be reduced. Turning the fighting into jade and silk, we were able to revive the army and return to the capital. This was not the result of the Kou Gong. How could he have reached this point? Wang Qinruo used his lonely words to spread his slander, and the rotting wood and insects were still caused by Zhenzong's timidity. When the Book of Heaven descended, the whole country went crazy and deceived others and deceived the heavens. It was not worth a laugh.

Personal works

Poetry

Yuelu Academy

Zhao Heng is good at literature and is also a poet. His more famous poems include " "Encouraging Learning", "Poems to Encourage Learning", "Gongniao Xue", "Qijue", "Giving Ding Wei", "Giving Wang Qinruo to Exclude the Crown Prince Taibao and Punish Hangzhou Ten Rhymes" and the lyrics "Xijiang Moon" and so on. His poems are recorded in "The Complete Poems of the Song Dynasty".

Zhao Heng is also famous for his proverb: "The book has its own house of gold, the book has its own beauty like jade, the book has its own thousand chestnut trees, and the book has its own chariots and horses." (from "Li Xue Pian") ) author.

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4. "Poems of the Northern Expedition and Return to Luan"

5. "Giving Chen Yaosou the Return of His Sickness"

6. "Giving Taoist Zheng Yin Return to the Mountain"

7. "Giving Ding Wei"

8. "Giving Yang Yi the Secret Prison"

9. "Guanlong Song"

10. "Visiting Pei Gong Pavilion"

Calligraphy

Zhao Heng's calligraphy

Zhao Heng's regular script is fresh, elegant and natural. The brushstrokes are straight, the stipples are thick, and the paintings are vigorous yet delicate. The writing is strong and not wild, it is very bookish, it has both form and meaning, it is Confucian and elegant, and it is completely free from vulgarity.

His regular script is compact in structure, dignified and cautious, and has a graceful royal atmosphere. The plaque of "Yuelu Academy" is said to have been written by him.

Anecdotes and Allusions

With Liu E

Empress Liu of Zhang Xianmingsu

Liu E was born in Kaibao, Chengdu, Sichuan In the second year of his reign (969), he was born into poverty. His father died when he was young. He wandered around with his grandmother's relatives. When he was a teenager, he married Gong Mei, a silversmith. In order to make money from business, the silversmith took Liu E to Kaifeng, the capital at that time. Gong Mei's business was not going well and she was desperate, so she wanted to sell Liu E.

After Zhang Min (Zhang Qi), an aide of Zhao Heng (who was still King Xiang at the time), met Liu E, he thought she was smart and beautiful. Remembering that Zhao Heng had mentioned that he wanted to take a Sichuan woman as his concubine, he made arrangements. The two met. Zhao Heng was very satisfied after seeing Liu E and bought her. Liu E was very popular with Zhao Heng, and the two were inseparable. Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi was furious when he found out about this and ordered Zhao Heng to expel Liu E from Prince Xiang's Mansion. It was hard to disobey his father's orders, but Zhao Heng really couldn't bear to leave Liu E, so he secretly fostered Liu E in Zhang Min's house. Zhang Min arranged for his family to take good care of Liu E. In order to avoid suspicion, he slept in Prince Xiang's Mansion every day to avoid unnecessary suspicion or even death.

After Zhao Heng ascended the throne, he did not forget Liu E and took her to the palace. He still loved her. Liu E's status in the palace continued to rise, and in the fifth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1012), she was promoted to Defei. At that time, Queen Guo had passed away. In the harem, Liu E had the highest status, only one step away from the throne of the queen.

Liu E is not only gentle and beautiful, but also alert by nature, well versed in books and history, and also knowledgeable about national affairs. Zhao Heng reviewed the documents, and Liu E often accompanied him. Whenever there is a problem, Liu E can always provide appropriate suggestions, winning Zhao Heng's trust. After Queen Guo passed away, Zhao Heng intended to make Liu E his queen, but he also knew that Liu E's background was the biggest obstacle.

Zhao Heng could not make up his mind, so he consulted Zhao Anren, the political advisor. Because of Liu E's humble background, Zhao Anren opposed making her his queen. Zhao Heng was very unhappy after hearing this. The next day, he discussed it with Wang Qinruo and told him Zhao Anren's opinion. Wang Qinruo said to Zhao Heng: "Your Majesty, why don't you ask Zhao Anren who he thinks should be made the queen." Another day, Zhao Heng asked Zhao Anren who should be made the queen. Zhao Anren suggested: "The concubine Shen is the concubine of the former prime minister Shen Yilun." People can be queens.

"Zhao Heng explained Zhao Anren's opinion to Wang Qinruo the next day. Wang Qinruo said: "Your Majesty doesn't say it, but I know he will say this. Zhao Anren used to be Shen Yilun's disciple! "Zhao Heng felt that Zhao Anren was showing favoritism, so he dismissed him and decided to make Liu E his queen. But Liu E was very cautious in dealing with people. When Zhao Heng decided to make her his queen, Prime Minister Wang Dan suddenly asked for sick leave, and Liu E was worried Wang Dan objected and persuaded Zhao Heng to postpone the matter. Later, Wang Dan agreed to appoint Liu E as queen, and the matter was finally decided in the fifth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1012). On December 24, 2011, Liu E was appointed queen. Liu's wife became the queen, not just because of her beauty. At this time, Liu E was already in her 40s and had already passed her prime, which attracted Zhao. The most outstanding thing is her wisdom and ability. Liu E is smart and capable, and she can help Zhao Heng in government affairs. At that time, Liu E naturally helped her husband handle the daily government affairs of the court and adjudicate on military and state affairs. In addition, after Liu E's ex-husband Gong Mei gave up his wife to Zhao Heng, he also stayed with Zhao Heng to serve him after he came to the throne. , Gong Mei changed her surname to Liu, and she and Liu E became brother and sister. Due to Liu E's relationship, Liu Mei rose quickly, gradually took control of the military power in the capital, and became one of Liu E's most effective assistants. In the late period of Zhao Heng's reign, Liu E became more and more powerful. He became the de facto ruler, and his every move had a decisive impact on the political situation at that time, especially the struggle between the Kou and Ding factions.

Although Liu E was affected by it. Zhenzong favored her, but she did not give birth to a son or a half. By chance, Zhao Heng fell in love with Li Shi (Concubine Li Chen), a maid in Liu E's palace. Li Shi was favored by Zhao Heng in the third year of Dazhong Xiangfu. (1010) gave birth to a son (Zhao Yiyi, later Song Renzong). At that time, Liu E had not been named queen. Liu E, who was nearly forty years old, may have realized that she would not have any more children, so she accepted it. Liu E's child was raised by her and another concubine, Yang (Queen Zhang Hui), and the palace officials were strictly prohibited from telling the child the truth. Zhao Heng doted on Liu E and tacitly allowed her to adopt Li's son. , it is of great significance for Liu E to be appointed as the queen, and for Zhao Heng to successfully take over the affairs of state after his death. The smart Liu E fully understands the importance of her son to her. Whether it is true or false, Liu E really acts as the queen. As a qualified mother, she carefully raised Zhao Yiyi, and the relationship between mother and son was very harmonious. The prince had been called Liu E's eldest empress and Yang's little empress since he was a child. He always believed that Liu E was his biological mother until Liu E's death. Only then did I know the truth.

By Tianminger

When Zhao Heng was young, he climbed to the Wansui Palace and sat on the throne of the emperor. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin was very surprised and touched his head and asked: " Is the emperor easy to do? Zhao Heng replied: "I just obey the destiny." "[38]

The civet cat exchanges for the prince

The civet cat exchanges for the prince

"The civet cat exchanges for the prince" describes the relationship between Song Zhenzong Zhao Hengshi, Liu Fei (Liu E) and The eunuch Guo Huai conspired to exchange skinned civet cats for the baby born to Concubine Li Chen. Concubine Li Chen was subsequently thrown into the cold palace. After Zhao Heng's death, Renzong Zhao Zhen ascended the throne, and Bao Zheng was ordered to go to Chenzhou to investigate and rescue his uncle Pang Yu. Fraud case. During the process, Bao Zheng accepted Concubine Li's injustice and vindicated her, and welcomed Concubine Li back to the court. This incident has become an enduring allusion.

Other versions record Liu Concubine's civet cat exchange. After the crown prince, Li was wronged and thrown into the cold palace and died. After Renzong came to the throne, Liu was named the Queen Mother Zhang Xian, who listened to the government behind the curtain and controlled the political economy. Liu was in power for more than ten years and had enough "power addiction" before she died peacefully.

However, according to the "History of the Song Dynasty": Renzong, a man of great merit and virtue in the body, law, and Taoism, a saint of divine literature, literature, and martial arts, and a filial piety emperor. , Dazhong Xiangfu was born on April 14 in the third year of Dazhong Xiangfu. Empress Zhang Xian had no children, so she took him as her own son and raised him. The empress dowager's relics were given to her close ministers, Ren Yin, who honored Concubine Chen as the empress dowager. Only then did the emperor know that she was born to concubine Chen.