In Ming History, Zhu Di, the Yongle Emperor, the founder of Ming Dynasty, was appraised in this way ~ ~ He could not be called a good man, but he was a great and outstanding emperor.
Throughout the ages, people who have achieved great things must be able to stand loneliness, praise and slander. He's just very extreme in every way.
Looking forward to the bloody and brutal war along the way, let's review the counter-attack strategy from the fourth prince ~ Yan Wang in Hongwu period, who experienced the four-year battle of Jing Nan in Jianwen period to Yongle Emperor, the last Ming emperor.
In the 2th year of Yuan Zhizheng (AD 136), the year number of the Da Song regime used by Zhu Yuanzhang was six years of dragon and phoenix. In Jiqing (now Nanjing), the capital of the south of the Yangtze River where Zhu Yuanzhang established political power, on April 17th, his fourth prince was born and named Di.
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu Yuanzhang still faced many difficulties: Zhang Shicheng in the east and Chen Youliang in the west, all of whom were ambitious and eyeing.
all Zhu Yuanzhang's thoughts are on how to defeat his opponent and win the world ...... and he really doesn't have more time and energy to care for his fourth child.
Therefore, Zhu Di's childhood was spent in the war, and the war was raging, and his farewell to life and death was also his most experienced "preschool education".
following his father's crusade to the east and the west made the boy feel loyalty and betrayal, truth and lies, desires and taboos, and fleeting interests and morality from an early age.
In a hierarchical feudal society, a person's rich and poor background will directly affect his life.
a son born to a wife is called a son, but not a son born to a wife is an illegitimate son.
Especially for the princes of the imperial family, the difference in birthright between the first son and the illegitimate son is very great.
according to the patriarchal clan system, when the emperor dies, the throne will be inherited by the eldest son, who is basically not an illegitimate child. Even if he has three heads and six arms, it will not help if he has great skills.
Zhu Yuanzhang has many wives and children, and Zhu Di is only the fourth of his 26 sons, and Zhu Di's biological mother is not his father's original Ma Huanghou.
But because Zhu Di's biological mother died young, the advantage of being raised by Ma Huanghou made him insist that Ma Huanghou was his biological mother.
Because he knows that his father's favorite woman is this foster mother, relying on this big tree will definitely ensure his own safety to the greatest extent.
after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, the education of the princes was immediately put on the agenda in order to make the Daming Mountain last forever. At this stage, all adult princes received a more systematic and strict education.
When studying in the palace, Zhu Di once heard his father say to his teacher:
"If I have a piece of high-purity gold, I must find the best smelter to forge it;
If I had a good jade, I would definitely find the best carver to carve it.
Now all my sons have excellent qualifications. If I can't find the best teachers for them, wouldn't I love them as much as gold and jewels! "
Zhu Di is well aware of his father's devotion to his brothers, including himself. Therefore, even if he gets up early every day and studies very hard, he never complains.
under the example of his father and the inculcation of famous teachers, Zhu Di understood that cherishing the people's resources and caring for the people are the foundation of governing the country, and remembered that it was hard-won for his father.
Because Zhu Yuanzhang won the world at once, the princes began to listen to their fathers' stories about martial arts from a very young age, and began to practice martial arts on the martial arts field as they grew older.
since childhood, Zhu Di has been famous for his bravery among kings, especially for riding and shooting, and he is very chivalrous.
Living in a military camp since childhood, he has witnessed all the scenes of soldiers in the autumn on the battlefield, so it has become his lifelong pursuit to be a brave hero like his father.
even Zhu Yuanzhang himself admits that the fourth son is a dead ringer for himself among the twenty-six sons.
whether this is also an invisible providence.
Zhu Yuanzhang started out in Fengyang, and that place always has a special feeling for him, which makes him worried and unable to give up.
As a result of the knot, the princes can see the hardships of life. Fengyang is the place for the grassroots exercise of the people's sufferings.
The brothers led by Crown Prince Zhu Biao set out for Fengyang to pay homage to their ancestors and founding heroes and appreciate the hard-won achievements of Zhu's country.
Although Zhu Di is well aware of his father's proud achievements, this trip to Fengyang still makes him feel particularly excited.
It seems that once again, he will follow his father, accompany the veterans and heroes, and go to the battlefield where fireworks fly, feeling their lofty aspirations and heroic spirit.
Zhu Di understands that his father's trip to Fengyang this time is not only to observe the sufferings of the people, but also to exercise their independent ability and hard-working spirit, and to accumulate experience for them to take charge of the country soon.
Therefore, during the three to four years before the vassal, Zhu Di didn't get carried away and run amok all day because he was about to become the Lord of the vassal state, like other princes.
He just does his own job, and he's very modest. He's proud of his career, and he doesn't dare to slack off.
One day, Zhu Di led a group of people to the countryside to do business, and he came across an old farmer selling his own fruit by the roadside.
The heat was unbearable, and a soldier asked Zhu Di, "Can you grab some food?" "
Zhu Di replied," If you want to eat, take money to buy it. These farmers work hard every day. As a person with a salary, why bother to rob others of the fruits of their labor? "
After the vassal state, he managed his vassal state in an orderly way, which not only enriched his own strength, but also won the approval of his father.
With all his heart and attention, Zhu Di handed in a satisfactory answer to his father with his own actions.
Facts have proved that Zhu Di really deserves to be valued.
At that time, most of the other brothers who were enfeoffed to the fiefdom were addicted to power and undermined the statutes. Only "the prince of Yan is in the country, keeping the people quiet and undisturbed, winning the hearts of the military and the people, and the salty people are said to have the degree of monarch."
Zhu Di has his own unique views on how much his father valued himself.
As the son of Zhu Yuanzhang, he knows that his father's esteem is like a double-edged sword:
If he is too weak, he will certainly not get the favor of his resolute father;
but if you are too tough, your father's nature will inevitably lead to his suspicion.
Therefore, Zhu Di, who is shouldering the heavy responsibility of "guarding the frontier and supporting the royal family", came to Beiping, a major town in the north.
Here, he shows his outstanding military talents, but at the same time, he keeps a clear distinction between his internal affairs and his external affairs according to his father's will.
everything is cautious and step by step.
In the second year of Zhu Di's arrival in the fief, Yuan Jiang Naier didn't spend his time looting in the northwest. Under Zhu Yuanzhang's decision, Zhu Di went to the northwest to quell the chaos with the 1,-strong army of famous soldiers such as Xu Da and Tang He.
This campaign won a beautiful victory. Although Zhu Di didn't make great achievements, his study with the army also made Zhu Di have a deeper understanding of military logistics and deployment.
on Zhu Yuanzhang's sixty-eighth birthday, the kings racked their brains for the birthday present, which was nothing more than the treasures in the world.
However, Zhu Di presented several golden harvests (i.e. those whose scions were unusually full).
This ceremony not only shows that Zhu Di attaches importance to farming in the country, but also caters to Zhu Yuanzhang's dislike of luxury and his proposition of valuing agriculture and caring for the people.
As Zhu Di expected, "Taizu was overjoyed and gave it to him in a poem."
In the 24th year of Yuan Zhizheng (1 years of Song Longfeng ~1364), Zhu Biao, the eldest son of Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Li, was the heir to the throne.
When Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor in the first year of Hongwu (AD 1368), Zhu Biao naturally became the Crown Prince.
Zhu Yuanzhang regarded the establishment of the Prince as the foundation of the country and the world.
the crown prince's book treasure clearly indicates that "the state builds a reserve, courtesy follows the long-term office, and the foundation of the world lies in it!" The prince's duty is to "care for the army and supervise the country", and "the six divisions are good for the people, so it is appropriate to be benevolent and trustworthy, to be convinced of his heart, and to use it forever in the country."
in April of the 25th year of Hongwu (AD 1392), the crown prince died of illness and the position of the Crown Prince became vacant.
The ministers suggested that starting from the patriarchal clan system, Zhu Yunwen, the son of Prince Yiwen (Zhu Biao), should be the heir to the throne. "The emperor Sun Shishi is rich in spring and autumn, and he is in the position of saving the pole, and the four seas are concerned, so the emperor has no worries."
Zhu Yuanzhang adopted this suggestion, and in September of the same year, he made Zhu Yunwen the great grandson of the emperor. Zhu Yunwen was only ten years old at this time.
Zhu Yuanzhang insisted on the system of direct succession in order to consolidate the political power.
In the succession to the throne, the eldest brother, Zhu Biao, is a prince, and the emperors and brothers still have disputes. As the great grandson of the emperor, the young nephew is not regarded by the uncles, so it is difficult to respect children as the future Chu Jun.
At this time, Zhu Yunwen obviously felt the contempt and threat from the kings.
Zhu Yuanzhang once knew how to regard kings as the dry city, and said to Zhu Yunwen, "I will surrender the king to the king, so that the frontier dust will not be young and you will be safe."
Yun Lian said, "If the enemy is not peaceful, who will defend him?" Zhu Yuanzhang was speechless and asked, "What do you think?"
Yun Lian said, "We should cherish it with virtue, and control it with courtesy. If we can't, we will cut its land, and if we can't, we will abolish it, and even dispatch troops will cut it." Zhu Yuanzhang said: "There is nothing easy about a career."
In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (AD 1398), Zhu Yunwen, the grandson of Emperor Taizu, became emperor, that is, the second emperor of Ming Dynasty-Emperor Jianwen.
At this time, Emperor Jianwen relied on: Qi Tai, Huang Zicheng and Fang Xiaoru.
They assisted Zhu Yunwen and gained a better understanding of Ming politics.
Jianwen, the monarch and the minister pursued a set of policies that were completely different from Hongwu.
Their idea of changing the ancestral law and implementing the New Deal is extremely clear.
1. During the Hongwu period, Zhu Yuanzhang practiced the cruel and severe law; The policy of lenient punishment after Jianwen succeeded to the throne;
2. the change of land tax ~ that is, the so-called equality between the rich and the poor;
3. The attack on Emperor Jianwen is nothing more than changing the ancestral law and the official system.
Emperor Jianwen ignored the prohibition of ancestral teachings, and took Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng as the prime ministers, which was naturally regarded as a gross violation.
The New Deal of Jianwen was a denial of Hongwu politics to a certain extent, and it was bound to offend vested interest groups in Hongwu period.
firstly, the princes and the vassal-cutting policy of Emperor Jianwen greatly damaged their rights and interests;
second, there are many military commanders. Because the improvement of the status of civil servants will inevitably inhibit their rights and interests.
On June 17th, the first year of Yongle (AD 142), Zhu Di ascended the throne in Nanjing, and began to rule the world with iron and blood.
Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, is associated with Zheng He's voyages to the West, Nuer Gan Du Si, Yongle Dadian, the five expeditions to the North, the 8, troops going to Annan, the Grand Canal, and the large-scale relocation of the capital to Beijing ...
I hope that from Zhu Di's growth track, we can learn what we need.
* * with you.