How does the United States carry out patriotic education?
According to the survey of Apostolide Research Center, among 18 developed countries in Europe and America, Americans have the strongest sense of national identity and pride, and are most willing to fight for their country. This result is closely related to the perfect system, effect-oriented, subtle and pervasive patriotic education in the United States. Investigating some successful practices of American patriotism education will help us to further innovate patriotism education in the new period. History education-let the past enlighten the future. The United States is a country with a short history, which was founded more than 200 years ago. However, in this short period of more than 200 years, it has made remarkable economic leap and scientific and technological achievements, which is the capital that Americans are proud of. Therefore, Americans cherish their own history and use it to cultivate deep feelings for their country. In the United States, primary schools, middle schools and universities have to study history. History education has taught Americans the idea that I am an American and I am proud! Facts have proved that Americans generally have a sense of superiority and pride. The United States also attaches great importance to the role of various museums in patriotism education. Museums of all sizes are all over America. There are state, state-owned and private donations. Many museums display the tools of pioneers in those days, showing the arduous course of starting a business. The United States also provides many historical sites where major historical events have taken place for tourists to visit; Many famous people's former residences, such as the manor in Washington and Jefferson's residence, have been turned into museums for people to visit, so as to convey American cultural traditions and carry out patriotic education. Civic education-strengthening responsibility with rights and cultivating good citizens is an important content of patriotism education in American schools. According to the Curriculum Standards of American Citizenship and Politics, the objectives of this course are: "to cultivate qualified citizens who agree with the basic values and principles of American constitutional democracy and make them participate in political life wisely and responsibly"; "Citizens' effective and responsible participation must have a series of knowledge, intellectual skills and participation skills. At the same time, the development of some personal personality traits can also ensure effective and responsible participation. These personality traits will enhance personal participation in politics and contribute to the healthy operation of the political system and the development of society. "In order to achieve the above objectives, the Curriculum Standards for Citizenship and Politics further stipulates:" Formal educational institutions offering courses on citizenship and politics should provide students with basic knowledge of civic life, politics and political system; It should also help students understand the political system of their own country and other countries, and the relationship between American political activities, political power and world affairs. "Through civic education, impart civic knowledge, cultivate civic skills and form civic awareness. Ritual education-changing people's hearts with rituals Americans are good at using various rituals to carry out patriotic education and cultivate patriotic feelings. In primary and secondary schools in the United States, national flags, national anthems and presidential portraits can be seen everywhere. Almost every class hangs the American flag and the portrait of the president of the United States. Loving the national flag is an important part of students' patriotism education. Primary and secondary schools in the United States have an oath ceremony every day. The content of the oath is either universal or the oath of their own state. These vows represent the political ideals and pursuits of the United States or other places. For example, Nevada's oath is "All for the country". The oath that applies to primary and secondary schools all over the country is even more ingenious in conception: I swear allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the United States that she represents-a country that is inseparable from the world. Everyone enjoys freedom and justice here! I am determined to study hard, learn to care, know how to share, cherish time and live every day well. The United States is a country with many festivals, and it is the consistent practice of the United States to use various festivals to carry out patriotic education. The most important patriotic festivals in the United States are: Independence Day, Memorial Day, Veterans Day, Flag Day and so on. In national celebrations, everyone recites the oath of "I love this country and defend this country"; On National Flag Day, everyone must recite the oath of loyalty to the national flag: "I swear allegiance to the national flag of the United States of America and the country it represents. "That is to say, in the United States, the annual patriotic festival celebration is not just a carnival, but a good opportunity to stimulate patriotic enthusiasm. It is particularly worth mentioning that every presidential inauguration ceremony is an important opportunity to carry out patriotic education. Although the inaugural speeches of successive American presidents are different in social background, economic situation, foreign relations and ruling policies, every speech has epigrams that inspire Americans' patriotic enthusiasm. President Roosevelt said in his inaugural address, "The only thing we are afraid of is fear. "This inspiring quatrain gave Americans great courage; President Kennedy's famous saying "Ask not what your country has done for you, ask what you have done for your country" once ignited the patriotic enthusiasm of a generation of Americans. President Carter pointed out in his inaugural speech: "We must have confidence in our country and each other again. I believe that the United States can make greater progress and we can be stronger than in the past. In his speech, President Reagan called for rebuilding "a great and confident America". Worrying about education-awakening dreams with crisis Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the ruling elite in the United States has been treading on thin ice, and ordinary people have been living in fear. President Washington has been in power for eight years, laying the foundation for a young country to grow into a world-class power, but in his farewell speech, he still earnestly reminded his successors and nationals that the United States is full of difficulties and is careful everywhere. More than 200 years later, when President Obama delivered a speech to veterans, he did not count the "brilliant victories" of the United States since World War II, but faced countless dangers and tests. American politicians have infinitely magnified all the potential threats in the world, even the threat of the smallest forces, so its global intervention is so impressive. The crisis consciousness of American politicians makes Americans form a set of effective plans to challenge the outside world. Before every major action in the United States, American sociologists almost go all out to find any clues about the crisis. It is this sense of crisis that pervades almost every corner of American society. On the one hand, Americans have never fallen into narcissistic satisfaction. On the other hand, Americans are more patriotic and ready to meet challenges from all sides. Life education-let patriotism permeate around us. Patriotism education in the United States, like political education, has been socialized. Therefore, the measures and practices of patriotism education can be said to be pervasive and penetrate into every corner of society. Take the American flag as an example. Every holiday, celebration or assembly, every household and everywhere, including cars, should hang the national flag. Many cars have American flags hanging from the rear of their cars, and beside them are iconic slogans such as "Support our army" and "God bless America". Sweaters and sports hats sold in major shopping malls all over the country are printed or woven with the word "USA" and painted with the pattern of the American flag. On the stamps, there are also signs of the American flag and the American pattern. The American flag is also printed on the packaging of many products, including snacks such as pistachios and almonds. Even in children's video games, there are similar software such as the combination of stars and stripes. Cultural edification-subliming patriotic feelings in cultural consumption The United States is not only an economic power, but also a cultural power. Giving full play to the role of culture in patriotic education is a great advantage of American patriotic education. Hollywood movies in the United States have great influence, and their various types of movies fascinate many audiences all over the world. American movies seem to be far from politics. In fact, many blockbusters are promoting the American spirit to the world. According to the Economic Observer, combing the history of Oscar for more than 70 years is undoubtedly combing the "American spiritual history". Nearly Famous, erin brockovich, Drug Network, Before Night Falls, Best Performance, Gladiator, Hi-Fi, Elegy of Dreams, Genius Boy, Honesty and Priceless were rated by the American Film Association, and were once regarded by the media as the top ten films to promote the American spirit. The successful practice of American patriotism education tells us that the materials of patriotism education are very extensive. From history to reality, from material civilization to spiritual civilization, from natural scenery to product resources, all fields of social life contain extremely rich treasures of patriotism education. China has a fine tradition of patriotism education and rich resources of patriotism education. We should learn from all kinds of people, further strengthen and improve the methods of patriotism education, let patriotism permeate all aspects of society and make patriotism a part of every citizen's life.