Lipper
Beautiful people who see the bright clouds, think of their clothes and see flowers come to see them.
If Yushan didn't see her, it would be Yaochi meeting under the moon.
A red dew is fragrant, and the rain is heartbroken.
Excuse me, who looks like Han Palace? The poor swallow relies on new cosmetics.
Famous flowers fall in love and laugh like kings.
Explain that the spring breeze is infinitely hateful, and the agarwood pavilion leans against the railing in the north.
Crossing the Qing Palace [1]
Du Mu
Chang 'an looked back and embroidered.
There are thousands of doors open on the top of the mountain.
As soon as I ride the world of mortals and laugh,
No one knows it's litchi.
Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow
The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been in office for many years, searching and never finding it.
Until a child of the Yang family grew up in the inner room, almost before she grew up, and no one knew her.
However, due to the gift of heaven and no concealment, it was finally elected royal one day.
If she just turned her head and smiled, there were a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of six palaces disappeared without a trace.
It was early spring. They let her bathe in a pure pool to warm and smooth her creamy skin.
Because she was tired, a maid lifted her up, when the emperor noticed her for the first time and chose her as his bride.
On the night of spring, the warm hibiscus curtains covered her fluttering hair, petals on her cheeks and golden ripples on her head.
But the night in spring is short and the sun rises too fast. Since then, the emperor has given up his early hearing.
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2. Besides Song of Eternal Sorrow, Bai Juyi's poem Song of Eternal Sorrow, which evaluates Yang Guifei's death, is a well-known masterpiece in Bai Juyi's works. Written in the first year of Yuanhe (806), the poet served as county magistrate in yi county (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi).
He visited Xianyou Temple with his friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu, and wrote this poem because of the story of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. In this narrative poem, the author narrates the love tragedy of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Anshi Rebellion with refined language, beautiful images, narration and lyricism: their love was destroyed by their own rebellion, and they were endlessly eating the bitter fruit of this spirit.
Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei are both historical figures. Poets do not stick to history, but rely on a little shadow of history. According to the legend of the people at that time, the singing of the neighborhood has degenerated into a tortuous and touching story, which is described and sung in a reciprocating and touching art form. Because the stories and characters in the poem are artistic, and they are the complex and true reappearance of people in reality, they can ripple in the hearts of readers in past dynasties.
The song of everlasting regret is the song of everlasting regret, which is the theme of the poem, the focus of the story and a touching seed buried in the poem. As for what you hate, why do you hate it for a long time? The poet does not tell and express directly, but shows it to readers layer by layer through his poetic stories, so that people can guess, remember and feel for themselves.
The first sentence at the beginning of the poem: "The emperor of China longed for the beauty that might shake an empire" seems very common, as if the story should be written from here without the author's attention. In fact, these seven words are extremely rich, which is the whole program, which not only reveals the tragic factors of the story, but also evokes and directs the whole poem. Then, in extremely frugal language, the poet described how Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty emphasized color and sought color before the Anshi Rebellion, and finally got Yang Guifei, who said, "As long as she turns her head and smiles, there will be a hundred spells, and the makeup of the sixth palace will go up in smoke."
It describes the beauty and charm of Yang Guifei. After entering the palace, he was favored by color. She not only "inherited her kindness", but also "listed all her sisters and brothers in the soil". Repeatedly rendering how Tang Xuanzong indulged in debauchery, how to have fun, and how to indulge in singing, dancing and drinking in the palace all day.
All this led to the Anshi Rebellion: "Until the drums of war exploded from Yuyang, shaking the earth and breaking the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes". This part describes the internal cause of "long hatred", which is the basis of the tragic story.
Through the realistic description of this court life, the poet ironically introduced the hero and heroine of the story: an emperor who valued the country and despised the people, and a charming and pampered concubine. This also vividly implies that the misunderstanding of Tang Xuanzong is the root of this tragedy.
Below, the poet specifically described the scene that the emperor's military forces fled to the southwest after the Anshi Rebellion, especially the destruction of the love between Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in this turmoil. "People in the army stop, and no one will move until under their hooves, and they may trample on those moths.
The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird. The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, the land of blood and tears wrote their scene "Where are you going, Maweipo".
The "Sixth Army refused to send" and demanded the execution of Yang Guifei, which was an anger against Tang Xuanzong's infatuation with women and brought disaster to the country and people. The death of Yang Guifei is a key plot in the whole story. After that, their love turned into a tragedy. Then, from "hiding in the yellow dust blown by a cold wind" to "there is no beloved spirit to visit his dream", the poet seized the "hate" in the spiritual world of the characters, described the loneliness and sadness of Yang Guifei in Shu after her death, and also recalled the past on the way.
The lingering lovesickness is heartbreaking. It is precisely because the poet exaggerates the feelings of the characters to such an extent that the arrival of Taoist priests and the appearance of fairyland behind them give people a sense of reality and will not think that they are purely castles in the air.
From "There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong who was a guest in the sky" to the end of the poem, Taoist writers helped Xuanzong find Yang Guifei. The poet used a romantic technique. Suddenly he went to heaven and then to the ground. "Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but he didn't find the person he was looking for in either place."
Later, Yang Guifei was found on the ethereal fairy mountain at sea, and was allowed to reappear in the fairyland with the image of "tears falling down her sad white face, like spring rain on a pear flower", warmly welcoming the envoys of the Korean family, expressing their feelings, sending a symbolic message, reaffirming the previous vows, taking care of Tang Xuanzong's thoughts about her, and further deepening and rendering the theme of "long hatred". At the end of the poem, use "the earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever;" One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever "to end the pen, point out the theme, respond to the beginning, realize" silence ",and give readers room for association and aftertaste.
The Song of Eternal Sorrow first gives us the enjoyment of artistic beauty, a moving story in the poem and a delicate and unique artistic conception. The center of the whole article is "Song of Eternal Sorrow", but the poet tries his best to write and render it with "thick ink and heavy color" as the starting point.
"Work at sunrise and rest at sunset", "Don't go early", "Stay up late", "I can't get enough of it" and so on. , appear extremely happy, like a comedy. However, that kind of extreme joy is only in contrast to the endless hatred behind it. The dissoluteness of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty led to a political tragedy, which in turn led to a love tragedy between him and Yang Guifei.
The maker of the tragedy finally becomes the hero of the tragedy, which is a particularly tortuous part of the story and the reason why the hero and heroine in the poem have to "hate" for a long time. Many people used to say that Song of Eternal Sorrow has a moral, and this poem is the moral.
So, how does the poet express "long hatred"? After the death of Yang Guifei in Majipo, the poet described it very delicately, showing the inner contradictions and painful feelings of Tang Xuanzong who could not bear to give up love and wanted to save it. Because of this "blood and tears" death, there will be endless hatred.
Later, the poet used a lot of pen and ink to repeatedly render Tang Xuanzong's yearning for Yang Guifei from all aspects, but the story of the poem did not stay at an emotional point, but with the gradual progress of the inner world of the characters, he perceived the constant changes of their scenery, pushed forward the time and story, and used the thoughts and feelings of the characters to develop and promote the development of the plot. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty went to Shu and felt very sad. Still on the road, revisiting the old place has evoked sad memories; After returning to the palace, I experienced physical injury during the day and insomnia at night.
I think about it day and night, so I hope to be in my dream.
3. Appreciation of Yang Guifei's Poems and Songs "Through the Qing Palace in China" Appreciation of Chang 'an back embroidery pile, the top of the mountain opened a thousand times.
As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south. Note: Huaqing Palace: Located on Lishan Mountain in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, it is a playground for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei.
Looking back: looking back. Embroidered pile: Describe the sudden and wonderful scenery of Mount Li.
Front door: the palace door of Huaqing Palace. Second place: 11.
Riding a horse: a person and a horse. Red dust: refers to the dust flying when riding a horse at a gallop.
Concubine: Yang Guifei. Appreciation: Du Mu, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, was contemporary with Li Shangyin and also known as "Little Du Li".
Du Mu is good at creating epic poems. Guo Hua Qing Palace is one of his representative works.
There are three works of the same name in Guo Huaqing Palace, and this is the first one. This poem chooses to send litchi to the imperial concubine Feitian, vividly revealing that the rulers, in order to satisfy their appetite, did not hesitate to incite the masses, wasting people and money, and effectively castigated the arrogance and extravagance of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei.
The first two sentences of the poem pave the way for the background, and the last two sentences introduce the theme of the description and prompt the theme of the poem. The juxtaposition of the two concrete images of "galloping the world of mortals" and "princess laughing" makes people think and leaves suspense.
Although the word "unknown" is three words, it is intriguing and intriguing. It is said that Yang Yuhuan, the imperial concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, likes litchi very much. Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty specially asked people to repair the litchi production area in Tongchuan South from Chang 'an, and flew thousands of miles to transport fresh litchi to Yang Guifei with fast horses.
According to the "Biography of Yang Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty", "I rode it and took Wan Li Road. My taste has not changed and I have arrived in the capital." .
4. Overall evaluation of Yang Guifei: Yang Yuhuan was a court musician and dancer in the Tang Dynasty, who was good at singing and dancing, and was praised by later generations as one of the four beauties in ancient China.
Although her figure is plump, the history books also record that she is a master dancer, and she is also proficient in Hu Xuan's dance. Her figure is swaying and jumping like the wind, which is dazzling. After entering the palace, Yang Yuhuan followed the feudal imperial court system, but did not ask about state affairs or intervene in power struggles. With his charming, docile and extraordinary musical talent, he was favored by Xuanzong in all aspects. Although he angered Xuanzong because of jealousy and was sent out of the palace twice, it was still difficult for Xuanzong to give up in the end.
If Yang Yuhuan was born in other times, he may not be Yang Guifei. In the Tang Dynasty, people regarded fullness as beauty, but Yang Yuhuan "coagulated fat and colored", and even "fat" began to coagulate, emitting a "gorgeous" color like "rouge", which required certain skills.
There are five versions about its native place: Xiang Kun, Zhou Guo (now Lingbao, Henan), Yongle, Zhou Pu (now Yongji, Shanxi), Huayin, Hongnong (now Huayin, Shaanxi), Chengdu, Sichuan and Rongzhou, Guangxi (now Rongxian, Guangxi). She was born in an official family, and her father, Yang Xuanyan, was a manager in Zhou Shu.
First of all, she is Princess Li Mao, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. After being ordered to become a monk, he was canonized as a imperial concubine by his father, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. In the 15th year of Tianbao (756), An Lushan rebelled, went into exile in Shu and passed through Mawei Post Station, where he died on June 14th.
Du Fu has a poem "Mourning for the Head": "Where are those perfect eyes and that pearl-like tooth? A blood-stained soul has no home and nowhere to go. A clear wave flowed eastward, crossing the Diaolou Mountain Path, and there was no news.
People, bloody, all make a wish with tears in their eyes, and Jiang is the ultimate! Bai Juyi described her as "warm and smooth her creamy skin". "As long as she turns her head and smiles, there will be a hundred kinds of magic, and all the powder and pigments in the Sixth Palace will go up in smoke". Li Bai's "Qing Ping Diao" said that she "wants clothes, flowers and capacity, and the spring breeze blows the threshold to show wealth.
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5. What are the poems praising "Yang Guifei"? No one knows it's litchi.
-Du Muyun wants clothes, flowers and capacity, and the spring breeze blows the threshold to show Revlon. -There is a young woman in Yangjia, Bo Li, who was conceived in the inner room and no one knows her.
-Bai Juyi, on the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world. -Bai Juyi's red dew is fragrant, and the rain is heartbroken.
-Li Bai's famous flower has an intelligence country, smiling at you. -Li Baijiang's head palace locks thousands of doors, and the willow is new. Who are you so green for? ? -Du Fu smiles like a flower, hesitating to take a photo.
-Li Bai, Yang Guiren roadside, the grave is three or four feet high. -Liu Yuxi heard about the emperor of the Han family and dreamed of her nine flowers and canopies.
-if Wang Bai Juyi can pour the country, jade can't let the horse? -Li Shangyin inclined balcony, mangrove flowers greet dawn.
-Zhang Hu Ma Wei built a city in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, thus winning a good reputation. I remember a bunch of flags floating from Zhang Zhizhen South Garden. Everything in the garden is colorful.
-Du Fu asked who is like the Han Palace, and the poor swallow leans on new makeup. -Li Bai.
6. Mr. Lu Xun commented on Yang Yuhuan's words: Yang Yuhuan was a court musician and dancer in the Tang Dynasty, who was good at singing and dancing and was praised by later generations as one of the four beauties in ancient China.
Although her figure is plump, the history books also record that she is a master dancer, and she is also proficient in Hu Xuan's dance. Her figure is swaying and jumping like the wind, which is dazzling. After entering the palace, Yang Yuhuan followed the feudal imperial court system, but did not ask about state affairs or intervene in power struggles. With his charming, docile and extraordinary musical talent, he was favored by Xuanzong in all aspects. Although he angered Xuanzong because of jealousy and was sent out of the palace twice, it was still difficult for Xuanzong to give up in the end. If Yang Yuhuan was born in other times, he may not be Yang Guifei. In the Tang Dynasty, people regarded fullness as beauty, but Yang Yuhuan "coagulated fat and colored", and even "fat" began to coagulate, emitting a "gorgeous" color like "rouge", which required certain skills.
There are five versions about its native place: Xiang Kun, Zhou Guo (now Lingbao, Henan), Yongle, Zhou Pu (now Yongji, Shanxi), Huayin, Hongnong (now Huayin, Shaanxi), Chengdu, Sichuan and Rongzhou, Guangxi (now Rongxian, Guangxi). She was born in an official family, and her father, Yang Xuanyan, was a manager in Zhou Shu.
First of all, she is Princess Li Mao, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. After being ordered to become a monk, he was canonized as a imperial concubine by his father, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. In the 15th year of Tianbao (756), An Lushan rebelled, went into exile in Shu and passed through Mawei Post Station, where he died on June 14th.
7. Regarding the comment that Tang Xuanzong had a good impression on Yang Guifei, it is said that Wang Liqing, the birthday girl, fell in love with Yang Guifei at first sight at the wedding with his mother and sister Princess Xianyi. At the request of Wu Huifei, Li Longji of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty awarded Yang Yuhuan the longevity princess in 65438+February of the same year. After Wu Huifei's death, there were other ladies in his court, and the beauty that was rare for 3,000 years could not enter the eyes of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. In the twenty-eighth year of Kaiyuan, she somehow took a fancy to her daughter-in-law and turned her into a female Taoist.
Personally, I think that Li Longji's surprise at first was just his love for a beautiful thing, or that he wanted to find someone to replace his former love princess, which had nothing to do with love. That's just the emperor's love and possessiveness of an object. But over time, it has almost become a habit, and it is difficult to separate, but it can be spared. After all, beauty can't reach the mountains and rivers, and it's hard for the emperor to give up his country for beauty.
In Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, Li Yang's poignant love is soul-stirring, but it is only literature after all. Who saw the Palace of Eternal Life on July 7th? The reality is always cruel, but people often believe that they once had a beautiful love, and people are always willing to carry forward that beauty.
In the late reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was really a fatuous man. He allowed Li to dominate the state affairs, deceiving his superiors and deceiving his subordinates, and coddled Yang Guifei, causing the Yang family to turn the land into an evil village. This is the fault of Tang Xuanzong, but it is not his fault.
8. Yang Guifei's information and comments are called the stories of He, Shi, Wang Zhaojun and Di Xin, and they are also called the four beauties in ancient China, among which Shi is the embodiment and synonym of beauty.
The four beauties enjoy the appearance of "closing the moon and being ashamed of flowers, sinking fish and being a wild goose". It is a historical allusion composed of wonderful stories that "the moon is closed and the flowers are ashamed, and the fish sink and the geese fall".
"Closed Moon" tells the story of Diusim and Yue Bai. Shame on Flowers is about Yang Guifei looking at flowers.
"Sinking Fish" tells the story of washing sand with stones. The Wild Goose tells the story of Zhao Jun leaving the fortress.
Yang Yuhuan (A.D. 7 19-756): A court musician and dancer in the Tang Dynasty, whose musical talent was rarely seen by queens in previous dynasties. His ancestral home is Yongle, Zhou Pu (now Yongji, Shaanxi).
In June of the seventh year of Kaiyuan 1 Born in Shu County (now Chengdu, Sichuan), he was born in a famous family. His great grandfather, Wang Yang, was a minister of the Sui Dynasty and was killed by Li Shimin in the early Tang Dynasty. His father Yang Xuanyan is a manager in Shu, and his uncle Yang Xuanxuan is from Henan. Yang Yuhuan spent his childhood in Sichuan. Yang Yuhuan's natural beauty and superior educational environment make her have a certain cultural accomplishment, graceful personality, proficient in temperament, good at singing and dancing, and good at playing the pipa.
In July of the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, Princess Xianyi, the daughter of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, held a wedding in Luoyang, and Yang Yuhuan was also invited to attend. Li Mao, Shouwang, the younger brother of Princess Xianyang, fell in love with Yang Yuhuan at first sight. At the request of Wu Huifei, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named her Shouwang.
After marriage, the two are extremely sweet. On the seventh day of December in the 25th year of Kaiyuan, Wu Huifei, the favorite of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, died of illness, and Xuanzong was unhappy.
Under the recommendation of Gao Lishi, a trusted eunuch, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty turned his attention to Yang Yuhuan, a daughter-in-law similar to Wu Huifei. In October of the 28th year of Kaiyuan, Yang Yuhuan, who had been married to Li Mao for five years, left Shouwangfu and went to Lishan. At this time, she was only 22 years old, and Xuanzong was 56 years old. Xuanzong shilled her to become a monk in recognition of her mother, Dou Taihou, and gave her the name of "too true".
In the fourth year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made Wei's daughter a princess, and then she became a imperial concubine. Since Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty abolished the king and queen, there has been no queen, so Yang Guifei is equivalent to the queen. Since entering the palace, Yang Yuhuan has followed the feudal imperial court system, never asked about state affairs, and never intervened in power struggles. With his charming, docile and extraordinary musical talent, he was loved by Xuanzong in all aspects. Although he angered Xuanzong because of jealousy, he was sent out of the palace twice. In addition, Yang Yuhuan had an affair with An Lushan in the palace, but Xuanzong finally found it hard to give her up.
It was not until the Anshi Rebellion that Emperor Xuanzong fled to the west with Yang Guifei. When Ma Jipo was remonstrated, Yang Guifei was forced to die at the age of 38. Xuanzong personally composed Qu Caiyu, and when he summoned Yang Guifei, he asked the musicians to play this new song, and gave Yang a gold hairpin, which he personally inserted in Yang's temple.
Xuanzong said to the people in the harem, "If you get Yang Guifei, you will get the treasure." (The Secret Records of Ancient and Modern Palace, Volume III) Copying the new song "Debaozi" shows my luck. At that time, there was no new queen in the palace, and everyone in the court called Yang "madam", which really took a back seat.
Zheng Chuhui told a story that after Yang Yuhuan was promoted to the imperial concubine, there was a white parrot in Lingnan tribute, which could imitate human language. Xuanzong and Yang Guifei liked it very much and called it "Snowflake Girl", while others in the palace called it "Snowflake Niang". Xuanzong ordered ci ministers to teach poetry. After several times, this white parrot could sing, which made people fondle it.
Every time Xuanzong plays chess with Yang Guifei, if the situation is unfavorable to Xuanzong, the attendant eunuch is afraid that Xuanzong will lose, so he is called "Snowflake Niang". This parrot flies into the chessboard and Zhang Yi flaps his wings, "to confuse his rank or peck at the hands of the kings, so that he can't fight for the road." (Ming Taizu's Miscellaneous Notes) Later, this lovely "Snowflake Niang" was pecked to death by an eagle. Xuanzong and Yang Guifei were very sad and buried it in the imperial garden, which was called "parrot burial".
Yang Weizhen, a poet of the Yuan Dynasty, wrote in his Untitled Poem on Effective Affairs: "The golden chamber is near Qinghai Jun, and the mother puts a golden cage in her head." (Tie Ya Ji) is about the pet white parrot of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei.
Xuanzong cherished his pet white parrot so much, not to mention his feelings for Yang Guifei. Yang Guifei has three sisters, all of whom are very beautiful. They are also called into the palace, and they are named Mrs. Han, Mrs. Guo and Mrs. Qin, and they are given 100,000 pieces of silver every month.
Mrs. Guo ranked third, born beautiful and beautiful, not fake powder. Du Fu's "Mrs. Guo" said: "Mrs. Guo made a decisive decision and got on the horse in Kinmen.
But I don't like the color of powder. I sweep the moth eyebrow to the supreme. "("Du Fu's Poems "Volume II) is a portrayal of the facts.
Because of Yang Guifei's favor, her brothers gave it to senior officials, even her distant brother Yang Zhao, who was originally a street rogue. Xuanzong gambled with Yang's sisters because of his good strategy, which made Yang Zhao calculate the gambling account and give him a name, and served as a branch doctor for more than ten times to manipulate the state affairs. Xuanzong went to Huaqingchi, taking the Yang family of five as his entourage. Every family has a team, wearing the same color, and five families unite in a colorful way.
Jewelry falling along the way can be seen everywhere, shining, and its luxury is beyond measure. The Yang family married two princesses, two princesses, and Xuanzong personally wrote a temple monument for Yang.
On one occasion, Yang Guifei spoiled and offended Xuanzong, who sent her back to her family. But after the imperial concubine left the palace, Xuanzong could not eat or drink, so Gao Lishi had to recall it again.
In 750, the imperial concubine stole the purple jade emperor for twenty-five years, boasting and entertaining herself. After the incident, he was sent out of the palace again.
After the imperial concubine left the palace, she cut off a lock of hair and asked Zhang Taoguang to bring it to Xuanzong. Xuanzong was frightened, and Gao Lishi called her back. Zhang Hu's poem "Divide the Wang Xiaoguan" said: "Fortunately, it was not seen today, and it secretly blew the Wang Xiaoguan."
("Tan Tan Collection of Poems in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty", Volume 5) This is what I'm talking about. Yang Guifei knew that Xuanzong didn't have her, so she was restless and even more arrogant. The Yang family "went in and out of the forbidden door without asking, and the Beijing officials looked askance."
At that time, there was a saying that "having a daughter is not sad and sour, but having a man doesn't like it". (Biography of Yang Taizhen) Li Zhao said, "Yang Guifei was born in Shu and likes litchi.
People born in Shanghai, especially those who are better than Shu, so they gallop forward every year. "("A Supplement to the History of the Tang Dynasty ") Du Mu's poem" Crossing the Qing Palace in China "says: Chang 'an looks back at the pile of embroidered cities, and thousands of doors open at the top of the mountain.
Riding a princess and laughing in the world of mortals, no one knows that it is litchi (Volume 6 of Poems in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty), which is a celebration of Gong Li in Lingnan. Later generations of Lingnan litchi have a "princess smile", which is said to be named after it. In the middle of Tianbao, john young asked An Lushan to do border work and got Xuanzong.