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1 Various names in different forms
1. 1 last name and first name
1.2 courtesy name
1.3 Other names
2 Early life
3 Rise
4 southern expedition
5 Northern Expedition
6 legacy
7 Zhuge Liang's wife Huang Yueying.
8 See also
Various names in different forms
First and last name
Traditional Chinese characters: Zhuge Liang
Simplified Chinese characters: Zhuge Liang
Pinyin: zh ge Liang
Wade Giles: Liang Chuke
Polite name
Chinese characters: Kongming
Pinyin: kung Ming
Wade Giles: Kong Ming
Other names
Mr. Wolong Mr. Wolong
reclining/crouching dragon―talent in seclusion or obscurity
Qianlong Long Fu
Pinyin: wólong Xiān sheng or wó long wade-giles: wo-lung hsien-sheng.
Note that Wolong, climbing dragon or sleeping dragon are his Taoist names.
Early life
Zhuge Liang was born in Yang Du County of Langya County, which is now Yishui County of Shandong Province. He was the second of three brothers and became an orphan very early. His mother died when he was nine, and his father died when he was twelve. His uncle raised him and his brothers and sisters. /kloc-Cao Cao invaded Shandong in 0/95, and his family was forced to flee south, and his uncle died of illness soon.
Although his two sisters have married into important families with many local relationships, he and his brother Zhu Gejin (who later worked for the State of Wu) lived in Longzhong County (in today's Hubei Province) for ten years and lived a simple peasant life-farming during the day and studying at night. He made friends with a group of intellectuals in this area. His reputation grew rapidly. He was called Wolong, and he was wise among his peers in many fields. At the same time, he married the daughter of another famous scholar, Huang. It is said that his wife's name is Huang Yueying. The Huang family is also connected with several other families with a long history in this area.
cut a brilliant figure
Liu Bei, a warlord, hid in the neighboring Xiangyang under the protection of his distant relative and Jingzhou secretariat Liu Biao. Legend has it that Zhuge Liang joined Liu Bei in 2007 after Liu personally visited him three times. In reality, one of Zhuge Liang's works accounted for three visits. Zhuge Liang quickly put forward his famous Longzhong plan in front of Liu. He went to Wu personally and formed an alliance with his ruler Sun Quan. His brother Zhu Gejin holds a senior position in Sun's government.
In Battle of Red Cliffs in 208, the allied forces of Liu Bei and Sun Quan defeated Cao Cao, which enabled Liu Bei to establish his own territory. Legend has it that Zhuge Liang blew a southeast wind on Cao Cao's boat, repelling Huang Gai's attack, but in fact it was Zhuge Liang's opponent, Zhou Yu, a general of the State of Wu, who planned the gale. In folklore, the wind is attributed to either Zhuge Liang's magic or his ability to predict the weather.
In 2 19 AD, Guan Yu attacked Lv Meng and retaliated against Wu, and his alliance with Sun Quan broke down. Guan Yu was defeated and beheaded. Liu Bei was angry at the execution of his old friend. He ignored all the arguments of his kind subjects and turned to Wu, leading a huge army to seek revenge. He was defeated by Lu Xun in the subsequent battle of Yiling, and after hastily and humiliating retreating to his own border, he died in a lonely fortress in "Baidicheng" (literary meaning: "Baidicheng"). After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang became prime minister under Liu Shan, Liu Bei's son, and rebuilt the alliance with Sun Quan.
The South
Zhuge Liang believes that to March north, he must first completely unify Shu. If he fought against the north under the leadership of the Naaman, then the Naaman would move on, and maybe even push into the area around the capital. Therefore, Zhuge Liang did not launch the northern war, but led the army to pacify the south first.
Ma Su (Ma Liang's younger brother) suggested that Zhuge Liang should not kill all the rebels, but let them join his own team. Zhuge Liang accepted this suggestion. Zhuge Liang defeated Meng Huo, the rebel leader, seven times, but released him every time to realize his real surrender.
In this battle, he became ill because of the poisonous swamp in this area (according to the novel). Fortunately, he recovered, but perhaps the influence of this disease continued to torment him in the later northern exploration.
Finally, Meng Huo agreed to really join Zhuge Liang, so Zhuge Liang appointed Meng Huo as the governor of the area, so that he could manage the area as he had done, satisfy the people, and keep the southern border of Sichuan safe for the future northern expedition. Zhuge Liang obtained resources from the south, and since then, Zhuge Liang has moved north.
Northern expedition
Main article: northern exploration
During Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, he advised Jiang Wei, the general of Wei State, to go to Shu. Jiang will become one of the outstanding generals in Shu and inherit Zhuge Liang's fighting strategy. After Zhuge Liang's death in 234, Jiang Wei continued to uphold Zhuge Liang's ideals and fight for Shu.
In Zhuge Liang's later years, he made five expeditions to Wei, but all failed, mostly because the court conspired to return him to the capital, rather than failing on the battlefield. His only permanent gain was the addition of Wudu and Yin Ping counties, and sometimes he relocated the citizens of Wei to Shu.
On the fifth expedition, he died of overwork and illness in the barracks of the Zhang Wu Plain Campaign. Zhuge Liang passed the Second Part of the Art of War to Jiang Wei before he died.
heritage
His name is synonymous with wisdom in Chinese. He is considered to be the inventor of mines and a mysterious automatic transport device (originally used for grain transportation), described as "wood and flowing horses" and sometimes considered as trolleys. He invented the repeating crossbow and named it after him, called Zhuge crossbow. An early hot air balloon used for military signals was also named after him, called "Kong Dengming".
Now you can find some books that are said to be written by Zhuge Liang. For example, Thirty-six Strategies of Zhuge Liang and The Art of War by Sun Tzu are two of them. It is said that his mastery of the tactics of infantry and various teams based on the Taoist Book of Changes is unparalleled.
He is also the subject of many China literary works. Du Fu, one of the most prolific poets in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem in memory of Zhuge Liang:
Shuchengxiang temple
Where can I find the temple of the Prime Minister?
Deep in the pine forest next to the Silk City,
Green grass covered the steps in spring,
Birds are chirping merrily among the leaves.
The Triple Call of State Affairs
He served two generations sincerely,
Die before you complete your life's achievements,
Since then, there have always been heroes crying on their wool.
Bai Chongxi, a military leader in the Republic of China and a warlord in Guangxi, won the reputation of "Little Zhuge" because of his tactical decision in the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Zhuge Liang's wife Huang Yueying.
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According to some China folklore, Zhuge's wife, Huang Yueying, is ugly, while Zhuge is considered handsome. It is said that Huang has black skin, red hair and blue eyes-these characteristics are completely impossible for China people.
According to the same legend, Zhuge married her because she was smart and intelligent. Even when Zhuge became the prime minister of Han Shu, he seemed to have no other wives and concubines, even though the powerful people at that time were generally polygamous. Zhu and his wife gave birth to a son, Zhu Zhan (Zhuge Zhan), who served until he died in the battle to defend the country.