It is a joy to have friends come from afar

Pronunciation yǒu péng zì yuǎn fāng lái, bù yì lè hū

Definition: Have friends come from afar Come, isn't it a very happy thing? Nowadays, this sentence is often used to welcome friends from afar.

From "The Analects of Confucius·Xue Er Pian": "Isn't it also true to learn and practice it from time to time? Isn't it a joy to have friends from afar? Isn't it a gentleman if a person doesn't know but is stunned?"

Learning without thinking is a waste, thinking without learning is peril.

Translation

If you study without thinking, you will be blinded by the appearance of knowledge; if you think without learning, you will get nothing because of doubts.

Notes

The quote comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng" - Confucius said: "Learning without thinking is a waste, thinking without learning is peril."

Wang means to deceive and deceive;

Danger means danger.

Zhu Ziyun: If you don’t seek all kinds of thoughts, you will be stuck and get nothing. If you don't get used to it, you will be in danger and uneasy.

Cheng Ziyun: If one of the five elements of erudition, interrogation, careful thinking, discernment, and sincere practice is eliminated, it is not learning.

Explanation

We can regard this sentence as the learning method advocated by Confucius. If you blindly read without thinking, you can only be led by the books, and you will be burdened by the books, and you will be confused by the appearance of the books and unable to understand them. The so-called trust in the book is worse than no book at all. But just immersing oneself in thinking without accumulating a certain amount of book knowledge, and then researching and scrutinizing the knowledge can only be a fantasy. The problem will still not be solved, which will create more doubts and become more dangerous. . Only by combining learning and thinking can we learn useful knowledge.

Confucius said: "I have not eaten all day and stayed up all night, thinking, which is useless. It is better to learn." And modern thinking, benevolence is in it.”

These all emphasize the importance of combining learning and thinking.

The Western philosopher Kant once said, "Perceptual ignorance is blind, and intellect without sensibility is empty." It can be said that it is astonishing to compare with Confucius's sentence "Learning without thinking is a waste, thinking without learning is peril" It can be seen that the fundamental principles of human beings' knowledge and acquisition of knowledge are always the same regardless of their differences in region and race.

sān rén xíng, bì yǒu wǒ shī

Idiom: When three people are together, there must be someone who can be my teacher.

Explanation: 1. There must be someone who can be my teacher. It means that I should learn from everyone who has merit.

⒉ When three people walk together, there must be a teacher worth learning from. I choose their strengths to learn from and correct their shortcomings based on my own situation. This expresses an extremely humble attitude towards learning. As long as someone has a skill or insight, you should learn from him and learn from other people's shortcomings and mistakes, and don't make them again.

Note: Three people walking together should not be understood as a group. Among three people walking together, it should be understood as among multiple people walking together. In ancient times, three and nine generally referred to multiple times, which were approximate numbers, not exact numbers.

Source: "The Analects of Confucius". ·Shuer": "When three people are walking together, there must be one who is my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones. ”

Grammar: complex sentence structure; clause construction; connotation of praise

Interpretation

When three people walk together, there must be a teacher. Then, there is no teacher anywhere in the world. ? A truly studious person is not limited to a specific teacher, and is not ashamed to ask questions anywhere.

On the other hand, "Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones." This is what is said in the chapter "Li Ren": "When you see the virtuous, think about them; when you see the virtuous, you should reflect on yourself." "The advantages of teachers are certainly worth learning, and the shortcomings of teachers can also be used as a reference for us. The key is not to blindly worship them.

Of course, that is what we say. In fact, teachers are somewhat ideal in our eyes Some of them are surrounded by a sacred halo, which makes it difficult for us to distinguish their advantages and disadvantages, so we have to look at the red to be red and the ink to be black.

< p>[Edit this paragraph] There are two interpretations of "Reviewing the past to learn the new": One is "Reviewing the past to learn the new": reviewing what you have heard and gaining new insights from it; the other is "Reviewing the past to learn the new." "To learn new things": On the one hand, we should review the classics and stories, and on the other hand, we should strive to acquire new knowledge.

Combining these two solutions may be more complete: read as many classics as possible within the scope of your ability. , repeatedly think about its meaning, and review the knowledge you have heard regularly, hoping to gain experience and understanding; and you must also try your best to absorb new knowledge; in this way, you can expand the field of human knowledge, and you can also use the wisdom of the sages to retreat. Giving meaning to the times. In this way, integrating the old and the past and connecting the past and the present can be called "reviewing the past and learning the new".

Some scholars think that the interpretation of "reviewing the past and learning the new" is not appropriate because it is interpreted literally. Merely absorbing ancient and modern knowledge without any understanding, just like a trader of knowledge, is not enough to be a teacher. So let’s take a look at the meaning of “teacher” in the Analects. The word “teacher” is found in Chapter 14. In addition to this chapter, there are three chapters that have similar meanings to today's teachers.

If you are not angry, you will not be enlightened. If you are not angry, you will not be angry. , If you don’t get angry and don’t get angry, if you take one corner and don’t turn it back with three corners, you will never recover.”

Zhu Xi, an acting scholar of the Song Dynasty, explained: “The angry person is the state of seeking enlightenment but not getting it; the angry person is the mouth. It is the appearance of wanting to speak but not being able to. To enlighten means to open up the meaning; to express is to express the words. "

This is an important saying by Confucius on heuristic teaching, which has a profound influence on later generations.

Angry: I want to find a solution but can’t. Qiu: I want to say something but I don’t know how. Three sentences of "Give a Corner": Give a corner as an example to tell the learner. If he cannot infer what the other three corners are like, there is no need to teach him any more. Because he doesn't think hard.

The famous saying "If you are not angry, you will not enlighten, and if you are not angry, you will not be angry" means: If a student does not think and understand, and wants to say but cannot say it, then we will not enlighten him; if he does not think hard, he will not enlighten him. And when you can’t figure it out. Don't inspire him.

------If the student has not thought about it and experienced it, and wants to say it but cannot say it, then we will not enlighten him; if he has not thought hard but cannot figure it out, we will not enlighten him. He is often used to illustrate the need for strict requirements on students, first allowing students to think actively, and then providing timely inspiration.

Angry: I want to find a solution but can’t. Qiu: I want to say something but I don’t know how.

"Anger" is the ambivalent psychological state when students are actively thinking about a certain problem and are eager to solve it but have not yet solved it. At this time, teachers should give timely guidance to students on how to think about problems to help students open up their minds. This is "enlightenment". "Chu" means that students have been thinking about a certain issue for a period of time, but have not yet matured their thinking. They are in another ambivalent psychological state where they want to say something but find it difficult to express it.

At this time, teachers should help students clarify their ideas, clarify the essential attributes of things, and then express them in more accurate language. This is "fa".

Heuristic education