Problem description:

What religion is the Orthodox Church and what is the difference from Christianity?

Analysis:

The Orthodox Church is one of the three major Christian sects alongside Catholicism and Protestantism, also known as the Orthodox Church. It is also called the Greek Orthodox Church because it developed from the popular church in the Greek-speaking areas in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. 1453 After the demise of the Byzantine Empire, Russia and some other Slavic countries successively broke away from the direct jurisdiction of ecumenical patriarch in Constantinople, established their own churches, and gradually formed the Russian Orthodox Church in Slavic. At present, the Greek Orthodox Church mainly refers to the Orthodox Church which uses Byzantine etiquette.

After the Nicaean Conference in 325, the contradiction between the eastern and western churches became increasingly acute. After Constantine I moved to Constantinople in 330, the two factions fought fiercely over who was the leader of the church. At 1054, it finally led to the great split between the eastern and western churches. Since the 9th century, the Eastern Church has gradually developed to Bulgaria, Kiev, Russia and other countries. 1054 years later, the Byzantine Empire declined gradually. 1096, Pope UrbanⅡ organized the Crusade. 1204, the fourth Crusade captured Constantinople, and the Orthodox ecumenical patriarch area was forced to move to Nicea. /kloc-In the 1930s of 0/5, the Ottoman Turkish Empire attacked Byzantium, and Constantinople turned to the West for help. Pope Eugene IV took the opportunity to hold a public meeting in Florence on 1438, aiming at making the Eastern Church yield and demanding the integration of eastern and western sects, thus establishing the status of the pope's head. Due to the concession of the Orthodox Church, the meeting in July of the following year signed a resolution on the unification of the eastern and western churches, confirming that the Pope is the "living representative of Christ" and has full powers, which is called the unification of Florence in history. However, due to the opposition of the Eastern Church, the unity failed. 1453, the Byzantine Empire was conquered by the Ottoman Turkish Empire, and Sudan adopted a tolerant policy towards the Orthodox Church for political reasons. The state religion of the Ottoman Turkish Empire was * * *, so the patriarch of Constantinople was actually in a conquered position. /kloc-After the 6th century, the Orthodox Church in some countries and regions successively established autonomous churches, and the actual authority of the patriarch in Constantinople has lost. Autonomous church refers to a church that enjoys full independence in laws and regulations and administration and can choose its own archbishop and bishop; Sometimes it also refers to individual areas that are not under the jurisdiction of bishops. 1589, the Russian Orthodox Church gained its own status and established the patriarchal clan system. In the future, churches that use Russian Orthodox etiquette are usually called Russian Orthodox Church.

In terms of doctrine, there are some differences between Orthodox Church and Catholicism. First, the Orthodox Church abides by the creed of the first seven public meetings and does not recognize the subsequent public meetings held by Catholicism. On the issue of "harmony clause", the Orthodox Church inherited the views of the Orthodox Church and was considered to have tampered with the nicene creed. Secondly, the Orthodox Church pays attention to the incarnation of Taoism, and believes that the salvation of human beings lies in the mysterious combination with the incarnation of Christ, which turns mortals into immortal life belonging to God. Orthodox theology rarely involves the corruption of human nature, so it does not emphasize the theory of atonement. Regarding the theory of grace and original sin, the Orthodox view is different from Augustine's fatalism. The Orthodox Church believes that everyone has committed a crime in Adam's sin, and salvation depends on both himself and God. First of all, God can only help them by choosing the good ones. Good deeds are only conditions and do not have the effect of saving. Only by the grace of God can we be reborn and saved. The redemption function of Christ's blood in the sacrament is for all people, and anyone who is willing to accept faith and baptism can be saved; Anyone who is willing to worship God can be rewarded. Third, the Orthodox Church pays special attention to the worship of the Virgin Mary. After the trinity theory was established, the worship of the Virgin Mary reflected that believers needed a reliable concept of "mediator", and the Virgin Mary became the most ideal object.

In terms of church organization, the Orthodox Church denies the Catholic view that only the apostolic diocese, even the diocese established by the apostles, has the right to become the patriarchate, and thinks that the establishment of the patriarchate should be based on the actual situation, such as the economic and political importance of the country or city. Bishops (archdioceses) have jurisdiction over bishops in several capitals. The head of the parish is a bishop, and his candidate must be a senior monk or a priest who promises to imitate the life of a monk after being ordained. Priests can get married, but they cannot be elected bishops. The ranks below the bishop are: friar high priest, friar high priest, friar auxiliary sacrifice, and then auxiliary sacrifice. The narrator is godless.

Orthodox Christians are mainly distributed in Southeast Europe, the Balkans, Asia Minor, the United States and other regions, with a small amount in China. 1984, there were about 8,000 Orthodox Christians in China, mainly in the northeast. The main autonomous churches of the Orthodox Church include Patriarch Constantinople, Patriarch Jerusalem, Russian Orthodox Church, Georgian Orthodox Church, Cypriot Orthodox Church, Serbian Orthodox Church, Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Romanian Orthodox Church, Polish Orthodox Church, Greek Orthodox Church, American Orthodox Church, Japanese Orthodox Church and Finnish Orthodox Church. There are many websites about Orthodox Church on the Internet, such as:

American Orthodox Home Page: ocf/OrthodoxPage