1. A Brief Comment on the Development of Electronic Commerce in China
China's computer application has a history of more than 40 years, while e-commerce is only 10 years. 1September 20th, 987, China's first e-mail crossed the Great Wall and opened to the world, which opened the curtain for China to use the Internet.
The development process of e-commerce in China can be divided into three stages:
1.1990-1993, start the e-commerce application stage of EDI.
In 1990s, China began to apply EDI in e-commerce. Since 1990, the State Planning Commission and the Science and Technology Commission have included EDI in the national key scientific and technological projects during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, such as the EDI system of the national foreign trade license of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, the EDI system of shipping/air transportation managed by China Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation, the EDI system of Sinochem Finance, Petroleum and Rubber Trade of China Chemical Import and Export Corporation, and the application of EDI in export trade of Shandong Embroidery Company. 1991September, the State Council electronic information system popularization and application office initiated the establishment of "Promoting China EDI" together with the State Planning Commission, Science and Technology Commission, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Domestic Trade, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Electronics, State Bureau of Technical Supervision, Commodity Inspection Bureau, State Administration of Foreign Exchange, General Administration of Customs, Bank of China, People's Bank of China, People's Insurance Company of China, Tax Bureau and CCPIT. In the same year, "China EDIFACT Committee" was established in June 5438+10, and participated in the Asian EDIFACT Council. At present, there are 18 members of state departments and 10 members of local committees. EDI is used in domestic and foreign trade, transportation, banking and other departments.
2. 1993- 1997 The "Three Gold Projects" organized by the government laid the foundation for the development of e-commerce.
1993 set up a national joint conference on economic informatization and its office chaired by the State Council's Premier Fu, and successively organized and implemented the "Three Gold Projects" such as Golden Pass, Gold Card and Golden Tax, and made great progress. 1994 In May, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Electronics Industry and the Global Information Infrastructure Committee (GIIC) jointly held the "Beijing International Forum on Electronic Commerce", with 700 participants from the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Australia, Egypt and Canada. 1994 10 "Asia-Pacific e-commerce seminar held in Beijing" made the concept of e-commerce spread in China. From 65438 to 0995, the Internet in China began to be commercialized. Internet. Company (ISP,. Com) began to rise.
1996 1 national leading group, the State Council was established, headed by the vice premier and attended by more than 20 ministries and commissions, to lead and organize China's informatization construction in a unified way. 1996, the whole bridge network and internet were officially opened.
During the period of 1997, the Information Office organized relevant departments to draft and compile the informatization plan of China, and held a national informatization work conference in Shenzhen in April of 1997. The leading groups and offices of informatization have been set up in various provinces and cities, and the provinces have begun to formulate their own informatization construction plans, including e-commerce. From 65438 to 0997, advertisers began to use online advertising. Since April 1997, China Commodity Order System (CGOS) has been in operation.
3. 1998 began to enter the development stage of internet e-commerce.
In March, 1998, the first online transaction in China was successful. 1In July, 1998, China Commodity Exchange Market was formally established, which was called "the never-ending Canton Fair". China commodity spot trading market is the first spot electronic trading market in China, and the electronic transaction volume in the spot electronic market reached 200 billion RMB in 1999. China Bank cooperated with Telecom Data Information Bureau to launch the pilot project of China Bank's e-commerce in Hunan, and launched the first SET of domestic e-commerce system based on SET. 1998 10 The State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Information Industry jointly announced the launch of the "Golden Trade Project", which is a large-scale pilot project to promote network applications and develop e-commerce in the field of economic and trade circulation. From 65438 to 0998, the capital, Shanghai and other cities started e-commerce projects, launched e-malls, e-malls, launched online shopping and online transactions, established financial and non-financial demonstration centers, and related standards and regulations, which laid the foundation for the future development of e-commerce. At present, e-commerce in China is still in its infancy or primary stage. The medical e-commerce network was put into operation in 1998, and the medical and health industry 1000 enterprises and institutions were networked, which can provide thousands of Chinese and western medical information. The national inventory commodity adjustment network, national construction online and real estate online promotion have all been officially opened.
1999 March 8848 and other B2C websites were officially opened, and online shopping entered the practical application stage.
1999, generalized e-commerce such as government online, enterprise online, e-government (government online project), online tax payment, online education (online university of Hunan University and Zhejiang University), and remote diagnosis (big hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai) was launched, and it has been piloted into the actual trial stage. 4. In 2000, e-commerce in China entered the stage of pragmatic development.
E-commerce is gradually taking traditional industry B2B as the main body. E-commerce service provider (dotcom) is shifting from illusory and venture capital market to the change of real market demand, and integrating with traditional enterprises. At the same time, some more successful and profitable e-commerce applications have begun to appear. Due to the external environment such as infrastructure and the further improvement of e-commerce application mode, the demand for e-commerce in the real market is becoming more and more mature, and the trend of "localization" of e-commerce software and solutions is accelerating. E-commerce software and solutions developed by domestic enterprises or aimed at domestic applications gradually occupy a dominant position in the market. E-commerce in China started in an all-round way and achieved initial results. The advantages of e-commerce based on network will be further developed.
2. The development status of e-commerce in China
2. 1 In recent years, the number of computers, Internet users and websites in China has increased rapidly.
The number of computer Internet users, websites and domain names in China has increased rapidly. According to the statistics of relevant departments:
2000 200 1 2002.6 2002。 12
The number of computers installed is 22 million, 28 million, 35 million and 39 million respectively.
The number of networked computers is 8.92 million12.54 million161320.83 million.
Internet users are 22.5 million 33.7 million 45.8 million 5965438+ 10,000.
The number of domain names is 2200012700012600017. 90000
The number of websites is 265,000,277,000,293,000 37. 1 ten thousand
The rapid development of Internet in China has promoted the networking of e-commerce and computer applications.
2.2 E-government project started in an all-round way and achieved initial results.
In 2002, e-government entered the stage of full implementation, and the national government procurement investment was 35 billion yuan (25 billion yuan for hardware, 4.5 billion yuan for software and 5.5 billion yuan for information services), up 25% year-on-year. In July, 2002, the State Information Office issued the Guiding Opinions on the Construction of E-government in China, including three major measures: 1) establishing two unified e-government network platforms, an internal network office and an external network office. 2) Promote the construction of 12 gold-lettered signboard project (golden tax, golden customs, golden finance, golden audit, etc.). 3) Accelerate the construction of important strategic databases (population and agricultural information databases, etc.). ). All levels of government in China are implementing it. The number of gov.com domain names applied by governments at all levels is 200 1 1 46 15. In 2002, there were more than 7796 65438+2. In some provinces, township governments have all gone online, and government information has been published on government websites at all levels, opening up channels for communication and service with the public. Many local governments have established information dissemination and inquiry systems for the masses, and set up "mayor's mailbox" and "government mailbox" to facilitate the public to participate in and discuss state affairs. Beijing Capital Public Information Platform has established 142 government websites, carried out more than 80 online office projects, and provided 565 forms for downloading office announcements. Shanghai has established 143 government website to realize cross-departmental online parallel approval. It used to take more than 30 days to run 18 department, but now it only takes 5 days to run 1 department. Guangzhou has established 76 government websites and 93 application systems, such as the online examination and approval of 43 departments in the "Parallel Examination and Approval System for Enterprise Registration and Annual Inspection". Qingdao e-government project was rated as one of the national e-government demonstration projects by the General Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Science and Technology, which set a number of records for the construction of government websites with the most advanced technical performance, the richest information resources and the largest number of visits. It also took the lead in e-government strategy, technical research and e-government planning and construction, and established an e-port system in customs and other departments. There are more than 4,000 computer wide area networks in the national tax system, and the national tax computer network has been basically completed. More than 20 million taxpayers in China are managed by computers, and 75% of the country's taxes are collected by computers. The anti-counterfeiting tax control system has been implemented nationwide, and tax authorities have launched online tax declaration in some areas. Some provinces and cities such as Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and Guangdong have realized online tax collection, and some provinces and cities have implemented online government bidding procurement, such as Shenzhen 600 million. The full implementation of e-government has effectively promoted the development of e-commerce.
2.3 China's e-commerce environment continued to improve.
China e-commerce development environment (operating environment such as network infrastructure, legal environment, market environment, online payment, information security, certification center construction, etc. ) has been gradually improved, and the national policies and regulations on e-commerce will be promulgated soon, laying the foundation for the development of e-commerce. With the increase of network bandwidth, the total international export bandwidth reached 8880M in 2002, an increase of 23% over 200 1. 5%; The total interconnection bandwidth between 9 Internet units and China National Internet Exchange Center (NAP) reached 265,438+0,465,438+02m, and the broadband access increased greatly, reaching 465,438+07,000 users, including 654,380+08,700 ADSL users and 654,380+07,000 LAN users. Substantial progress has been made in the construction of a modern payment system nationwide. On June 8, 2002, the real-time payment system for large sum of money was successfully put into operation in Beijing and Wuhan. By the end of February 2003, it had been popularized in Shanghai, Tianjin, Jinan, Shenyang, Chengdu, Xi, Shenzhen, Haikou and other major cities with developed economies 1 1, and initially formed a national inter-bank and inter-regional bank card. Some progress has been made in logistics distribution. China Post, which has the largest delivery network in China, has joined the field of e-commerce, and some professional distribution enterprises specializing in e-commerce projects have also appeared.
Our government attaches great importance to the security issues in the application and development of e-commerce. Certification centers for telecommunications, customs, China People's Bank and other industries have been established one after another, as well as certification centers in Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities. The development of core technologies related to security standards, electronic signatures and encryption systems has also received attention and increased investment. In 2002, the laws and regulations related to e-commerce became more and more mature. In 2002, the drafting of the regulations on electronic signature points was completed, and more laws are in the pipeline.
2.4 The rapid development of e-commerce in the industry
In 2002, the operating environment of foreign trade e-commerce was greatly improved, and the national online application and certification system for import and export licenses was fully put into operation, and enterprises could apply for import and export licenses online; The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation has established online websites such as Canton Fair, China Commodity Exchange Market, China Technology Export Fair and China Investment Promotion Association, including China Commodity Exchange Market (China market.com.cn), and nearly 30,000 kinds of commodities from more than 8,000 enterprises are displayed in this virtual market all year round. An online negotiation platform was launched this year. Through the websites of www.cantonfair.org, www.cecf.com and www.ccme.org.cn, we provide exhibitors with e-commerce services such as information release, trade matching, online negotiation and transaction assistance. According to statistics, as of April 27, the total number of visits to the Canton Fair website reached 50.9 million, a year-on-year increase of 50.95%. Among them, the cumulative number of overseas visitors was 25.89 million. The intended turnover of the three platforms of the Canton Fair website is 2. 2180,000 USD, and the confirmed transaction volume is 47,847,700 USD. According to statistics, among all kinds of products, the best online trading effect is mechanical and electrical products, accounting for 73.4% of the total trading volume, followed by grain and oil products and Minmetals chemical products. In 2002, Yiwu Small Commodities Online International Expo was founded, which promoted the export of small commodities. The national online examination and approval management system for processing trade has been popularized throughout the country. There are 300 examination and approval authorities in China, and more than 20,000 enterprises have realized online declaration, examination and approval, real-time monitoring and management of processing trade. The business outlets of commercial banks in China have become electronic. By June 2002, the financial industry had issued 469 million bank cards of various types, up 22% year-on-year. From June 5438+ 10 to June 5438+ 10 in 2002, a total of 2 1 10,000 cards were issued, including more than 60 million cards with UnionPay logo. All kinds of bank cards in more than 300 cities above the prefecture level have basically realized cross-regional networking, 98 cities out of 100 have partially or completely realized cross-bank use of local bank cards, and all commercial banks in 40 cities have branches. By the end of September 2002, the cumulative transaction volume of bank cards was 10.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 43% over the 5,438+0.5 trillion yuan at the end of 2006. China Financial Certification Center (CFCA), a financial system jointly built by the People's Bank of China and domestic 12 commercial banks, has been put into operation. China Merchants Bank, Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank and Agricultural Bank have all started online business. China Industrial and Commercial Bank opened 3 12 online banks, with a transaction volume of 600 billion yuan in 2006 and 5438+0, which exceeded 5 trillion yuan in 2002. In 2002, new services were added, such as agent remittance, reservation service, online charging, fund and national debt service, and personal online business added services such as payment, electronic card, foreign exchange trading and fund trading. At present, 2,623 securities business departments and 239 trust and investment companies of10/securities company have basically established electronic business processing systems, and computer and network communication technologies have become the support of various securities businesses. Computer and network communication technology have become the key means to support the operation of various securities businesses. Securities companies in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Beijing and other places set up websites online to provide stock market information and conduct online securities trading (online stock trading). In 2002, securities transactions through the Internet amounted to 523 billion yuan, an increase of 8% over 200 1. 99%。 In 2002, most insurance companies opened websites, and some of them have developed into e-commerce, such as e-picc of China People's Insurance Company and pa 18 of Ping An Insurance. Customers can handle auto insurance, home property insurance and freight insurance online, and enjoy real-time services such as policy verification, premium trial calculation, consultation, complaint reporting, risk assessment and policy amendment. In 2002, they sold insurance policies online. All industries have established industry websites to publish product information, conduct online negotiations, sign contracts and conduct online distribution.
China Textile Network has launched an online trading tool-BTOB real-time online communication system, which is more reliable, simpler and more real-time than email communication, allowing buyers and sellers to communicate in time and China textile enterprises to talk about "buying and selling" online in real time.
Real estate trading system online trading, since the summer of 2002, customers can conduct real estate transactions through the EES real estate information online trading system installed on the server of China Telecom's main computer room. This system is a large-scale e-commerce system specially developed for real estate enterprises for online real estate information transaction and management. The system adopts the latest B/S system and Win2000 as the development platform, with friendly operation interface and perfect website background management. Building products and building materials products are suitable for online sales. At present, China Building Materials Commodity Network, China Decoration Materials Network, China Cement Network, Luban Network, Wangyi Hardware Network and other building materials websites have formed a wide variety and wide coverage pattern. A crisscross network model. Tourism has also started e-commerce. National travel agencies and youth travel agencies have launched online travel services, booking tourist attractions, hotels and restaurants online, and making travel plans. There are nearly 300 national travel websites, and the online travel market is developing rapidly.
The special tours launched by China Travel Network, Huaxia Travel Network, Kang Hui Professional Travel Website, Ctrip Travel Network and Tourism Information Network are generally popular.
According to the sampling survey of China Article Coding Center, in 2002, 62.7% of retail enterprises in China built local area networks, and 38.8% of retail enterprises published commodity information online. 17.9% of retail enterprises provide online shopping; Only 3% of retail enterprises have implemented Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI). Agricultural websites in China have developed rapidly. Not only the agricultural information network has been widely established in various provinces and cities, but also some large-scale online markets such as China billion agricultural products network, Fuzhou Yafeng and Nanjing Baiyun Pavilion have appeared. The diversification of online business has changed the situation of focusing on food and fertilizer last year. Accessories, poultry, pesticides, native products, flowers, gardens, aquatic products, tea, fresh fruits, etc. It's all online. At present, there are nine categories in Jiangsu, and 30 agricultural products markets have been networked. Pei county took the lead in realizing the networking of 28 townships in the county. 2.3 billion kilograms of agricultural products such as vegetables and grains are sold online. Global Rural Commercial Network, Zhongqing Rural Network, and China Rural Spark Data Broadcasting Network allow farmers to bring televisions into cyberspace. Become a digital information network for 900 million farmers. The agricultural monitoring and early warning system has begun to provide monthly monitoring reports of wheat, corn, soybean, cotton and sugar, and several varieties of data platforms can be established by the end of the year. Rural supply and demand information service system, rural supply and demand information national simulcast system (one-stop service for rural supply and demand), registered members 18000 people in the past year, and published 6000 messages every month, with details 130000. China Agricultural Information Network (www.agri.gor.cn) has become the most comprehensive and authoritative agricultural information network in China, with monthly hits of100000. The information of supply and demand of agricultural products prices is also sent to users all over the country through the pager of China Unicom. In 2002, the website information management was improved, a three-tier content management system was established, and the construction of county and township information service stations was promoted. By the end of the year, it is estimated that 60% of county-level and 20% of township rural economic information service stations will be completed.
The online agricultural products supermarket opened, and employees of Beijing Wanfuxi Food Company located in Daxing County, Beijing prepared agricultural products for customers who ordered online in its distribution center. Since May, 2002, the company has used the Internet to sell agricultural and sideline products. Citizens only need to log on to Www.hhl.com.cn website to see the introduction of agricultural and sideline products such as vegetables, melons, fruits and meat in Daxing. After the residents of the community who set up distribution points ordered through the Internet, the company cleaned, processed and distributed them according to the customer's requirements, and the citizens could buy fresh and cheap high-quality agricultural and sideline products without leaving the community. At present, 60,000 Beijing citizens have become members of the company. Since 1997, farmers in Nantong have sold more than 200 varieties of agricultural products online, achieving sales of nearly 1 100 million yuan. Through information bridging, farmers have embarked on the fast lane of getting rich.
2.5. E-commerce in various provinces and cities has made great progress.
Great progress has been made in e-commerce in Beijing, Shanghai, Hunan, Xuzhou and Hainan.
Significant progress has been made in the Beijing Capital e-commerce project. As the main infrastructure of e-commerce in the capital, Capital Electronic Mall has begun to play a role in developing national and global e-commerce for domestic and foreign enterprises and merchants, with millions of visitors every month and millions of online transactions every month. In 2002, Beijing e-commerce gradually established and formed an e-commerce system with the characteristics of the capital, the function of the e-commerce service platform-Capital E-Mall was further improved, and the four-level community e-commerce service information network system was fully opened. From June 5438+0 to September 2002, the e-commerce transactions from B to B and from B to C were 360 1 100 million yuan and 383 million yuan respectively, increasing by 12 1.87% and164.10 respectively over the same period of last year. Xidan Shopping Mall invested 9 million yuan to set up an e-commerce company (igo5.com) at the end of 20001. By June 2002, igo5.com's monthly sales had exceeded 4 million yuan. In September, 2002, Shi Huakai made a single transnational online purchase of over RMB10,000,000, setting a new record for online open pure e-commerce procurement in Asia. This transaction opened four bidding markets and auctioned four different special plastics. The total turnover exceeded10000000, saving the buyer more than RMB10000000, and the saving ratio reached 65,438+00.72%. So far, Swarovski has successfully held more than a dozen online bidding and ordering meetings for China's export commodities, including the largest office stationery chain in the United States and the largest German retailer. Netease 200 1 Early this year, Yi Bei cooperated in online auction. On July 5, 2002, the contract expired and the auction cooperation between the two parties officially expired. On July 9, 2002, Netease Auction appeared on the homepage and launched its own auction service. On March 6th, 2002, American Yi Bei Company invested 30 million dollars in Yi Bei. Yi Bei cooperated with Yi Bei Company to acquire 33% equity of Yi Bei, making Yi Bei the largest online auction website of C to C in China. In 2002, the sales of mobile phones on the Internet in China increased by nearly 150%. At present, there are 264 mobile phone models of various brands at home and abroad, all of which can be sold through the Internet. The online sales price of the same mobile phone is 1% to 2% lower than that of traditional stores, and the online sales of mobile phone accessories can be 40% to 50% cheaper than that of traditional stores. The community e-commerce project in Beijing has achieved remarkable results in the past year: relying on the public information platform of the capital, 18 districts and counties and 149 streets are connected to realize interconnection, 169 community service centers have established 169 websites, forming a number of community service information networks covering the whole city and installing/kloc-0. 1200 communities have installed management software, developed community e-commerce support platforms, and 2,400 communities have achieved network access, using 96 156 hotlines and information kiosks. Shanghai social security card project has achieved results in recent years, with 8 million cards issued and 6 million people used for medical insurance settlement.
Over the past year, Jinan e-commerce and modern logistics application demonstration project, led by Sanlian Group, has established e-commerce alliances with 22 home appliance manufacturers and more than 20 manufacturers, transformed 34 chain stores, and implemented the tight dealer management system in 24, and 10 implemented the core dealer management system (that is, unified management by ERP). The distribution efficiency between headquarters and chain stores has been greatly improved, and the order processing time has been shortened from 1.5 days to 5 minutes, realizing the comprehensive integration of business flow, information flow and logistics and resource sharing. Hainan has carried out pilot projects of tourism e-commerce and online marketing of agricultural products, Chongqing has carried out online agriculture, commercial supermarkets and online light industry markets, and Xuzhou Huaihai Food Mall and Tianjin have carried out pilot projects, which have accumulated useful experience. China Telecom's Hunan E-commerce Center has established a portal website 179, which provides online security services such as secure transaction, secure payment, securities, banking, shopping, CA demonstration, etc.
2.6 China B2B and B2C market development status According to CCID research and analysis data, in February 2002, there were 3,804 e-commerce websites in China, an increase of 12% and 438+0 compared with 339 1 in 2006. In 2006, there were 1 533 websites that could operate effectively. There are 2277 consumer e-commerce websites, including 285 comprehensive websites, 737 professional websites 1992, which can operate effectively; B2B websites 1527, including comprehensive websites 189 and professional websites 1338, of which 796 can operate effectively; The scale of e-commerce market, the transaction volume of e-commerce in 2002 was 65.438+80.9 million yuan, an increase of 66.6% compared with 2006.5438+65.4+08 million yuan. 2%; The B2C transaction volume of 200 1 is 13. 65.438+0.5 billion yuan, 2.5 billion yuan in 2002, with an annual growth rate of 90%; The B2B transaction volume of 200 1 year was107.5 billion yuan, and in 2002 it was178.4 billion yuan, with an annual growth rate of 65. 9%。
2.7? The industrial and transportation enterprises in China have made remarkable progress in e-commerce.
In 2002, the pilot demonstration project of manufacturing informatization application was launched in an all-round way, and the pilot demonstration project of manufacturing informatization was carried out in 27 provinces and cities, 46 key cities and nearly 2000 enterprises across the country.
In August of 20001year, CCID conducted a survey on more than 600 enterprises in 13 industries in1year, and found that 22.3% enterprises participated in e-commerce, 9.3% enterprises conducted supply chain management, and 15.6% enterprises conducted distribution channel management. According to a survey by the State Economic and Trade Commission, 66.67% of six aviation enterprises have implemented e-commerce, 57. 14% of seven petrochemical enterprises and 46.67% of five foreign trade enterprises, and other industries such as electronics, railways, medicine, machinery, automobiles, chemicals, textiles and metallurgy have also implemented e-commerce. E-commerce in industries such as light industry, electric power, tobacco and transportation is underdeveloped, accounting for less than 20%, especially in coal, construction and non-ferrous metals industries, which are all below 10%. In 2002, about 26. 1% enterprises in China participated in e-commerce. Large enterprises take the most active part in e-commerce, accounting for 32. 1%, while small and medium-sized enterprises account for 27.8% and 2 1.4% respectively.
From the perspective of different enterprises, the proportion of wholly foreign-owned enterprises participating in e-commerce is the highest, reaching 4 1.3%, followed by Sino-foreign joint ventures, with a proportion of 33.5%. The proportion of state-owned and private/private enterprises is relatively low, both less than 25%, but compared with 200 1, they are all improved to varying degrees. Some large and medium-sized enterprise groups, such as Baosteel, China Petrochemical, Lenovo, Founder, Haier, etc., have carried out online marketing and online procurement on the basis of ERP management within enterprises, and have built or are building supply chain management and customer relationship management.
The transaction of China Oil and Gas Co., Ltd. (China Petroleum) on B2B website has been included in the master production plan. By June 5438+February, 2002, the transaction volume had exceeded193 million yuan, including electronic procurement106 million yuan and electronic sales of 8.7 billion yuan. Before 2002 10 month, the online transaction volume of China petroleum was1500 million yuan, including 9.2 billion yuan for electronic procurement and 5.8 billion yuan for electronic sales. The average purchase cost is saved by 5%. In the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project", the online purchase of more than 600 million yuan was completed in just seven hours, saving 65.438+0.2 billion yuan. Petrochina can save 200 million yuan every year in the electronic procurement of special oil pipes.
China Petrochemical Company petrochemical products sales e-commerce network has the following benefits: 1. The cost of sales has been reduced. From August 2000 to February 2002, the turnover of petrochemical products was 30.2 billion yuan, saving hundreds of millions of yuan in sales expenses; 2. Serve customers more effectively. Customers can find information about products and order processing online, which can better provide customers with timely technical support and services and improve customer satisfaction; 3. It has increased business opportunities, publicized enterprises and introduced product performance on the Internet, expanded sales turnover, and increased more than 65,438+000 customers since its opening. The purchase transaction of petrochemical materials procurement e-commerce system is 1. 970,000 transactions, with a turnover of 20.9 billion yuan, saving about 500 million yuan in procurement funds. Haier Group has achieved business process reengineering centered on order information flow, and conducted centralized online bidding, procurement, service and marketing through B2B e-commerce platform, which has improved product quality, reduced costs and reduced storage area and funds. By the end of 200 1,12,31,the online transaction amount reached 188 billion yuan, with a turnover of 6548. Orders are distributed in more than 90 cities across the country, including rural areas, and nearly 10,000 pieces of information such as suggestions, consultation, cooperation and services have been received online, among which many product design suggestions have been adopted. By analyzing and mining the order information and all kinds of information received, it will serve the sales and production decision, improve the competitiveness of enterprises and lay a solid foundation for Haier's internationalization. In 200 1 year, Haier achieved a global turnover of 60.2 billion yuan, established an e-procurement platform in mySAP.com, and placed 10% purchase orders online, realizing a three-level network centered on order information flow, a global supply chain resource network, a user resource network and a computer information network, which shortened the procurement cycle from the original average 10 day to three days, and warehousing. By July 2002, Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. had purchased more than 5 billion yuan through online bidding for bulk materials on Bsteel platform, and nearly 400 suppliers participated. At present, Baosteel Group sells tens of thousands of tons of steel and tens of billions of RMB online every year, including export. Lenovo Group standardized and optimized 77 business processes by implementing resource management plan (ERP), and strengthened the integration of subsystems such as finance, sales, manufacturing and procurement. At present, Lenovo Group has completed the informatization of supply chain and launched collaborative e-commerce. About 70% of large and medium-sized enterprises in China have gone online, established websites, owned websites and homepages, published product information online, conducted online negotiations, signed contracts and conducted online distribution.
Great progress has been made in the application of computers in railway, civil aviation and shipping departments. TMIS railway transportation management system has been basically completed, and the computer booking system of each railway bureau has been put into operation. Since 1996 was put into operation, more than 6,000 windows of 2 199 stations have realized computer ticketing, and the ticket centers of the Ministry of Railways and 24 regional ticket centers have been built. Realize the nationwide networked ticket sales in different places, and the ticket sales amount accounts for more than 90% of the total railway ticket sales in the country. The railway e-commerce system recently built includes government websites and e-commerce, the e-commerce pilot of railway materials corporation, namely China railway materials trading network and logistics network, online trade materials deployment, logistics distribution, warehouse management, goods tracking and container e-commerce pilot work. The civil aviation booking system provides flight seat control and sales services for 26 domestic airlines. Departure system, freight system, air traffic control system, aviation information system and civil aviation business data network have been further improved. At present, the civil aviation distribution system (GDS) has been completed, connecting with 386 foreign airlines and 2000 hotels, laying a foundation for the development of e-commerce. The information technology in highway, inland river and sea transportation system includes highway freight transaction information system, container transportation and sea transportation system.
2.8 The rapid development of distance education
About 65438+ ten thousand primary and secondary schools in China have popularized computer courses, and more than 65438+ ten thousand primary and secondary schools have built campus networks. Computer-aided teaching has been popularized in universities and middle schools, and many courseware has been developed, which has improved the teaching quality. In recent years, distance education has been carried out through the Internet, first in Tsinghua, Peking University and University of Posts and Telecommunications. At present, all key universities in China have carried out distance education, and the Ministry of Education has approved 67 universities to set up online universities. National Enrollment 20065438+0 September * * * 60. 80,000 people, including 460,000 from CCTV University; There are more than 200 regular online schools in middle schools nationwide, and more than 70,000 middle schools have registered more than 600,000 online school students. During the SARS period, Beijing Municipal Education Commission opened "Classroom Online" to let students study online at home. The national basic education resource network has also been opened. The wide application of modern network technology in teaching provides unprecedented development opportunities for the education system.
The 67 online universities approved by the Ministry of Education have achieved unprecedented development during this period. In an extraordinary period, ordinary students, school leavers and registered students of distance education experience distance education together. Colleges and universities in Beijing make full use of the existing distance education colleges so that students who leave school will not be "dismissed". Beijing has set a record of 80 thousand people attending classes at the same time. The online school affiliated to Peking University recently launched the "Study Plan during SARS", which can be used by all primary and secondary school students in Beijing.