Digital signature, which uses the private key of digital certificate to encrypt the abstract of data to ensure the integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation of data.

Digital verification code is a technology to prevent violent cracking.

Message authentication refers to authentication by encrypting messages or information related to messages, so as to prevent the transmitted and stored messages from being intentionally or unintentionally tampered with.

Digital signature is an underlying technology, and message authentication can achieve the purpose of message authentication by using digest technology, digital signature technology and time stamp.

However, at present, most message authentication does not use digital signature technology.