He has been to England. I have been there, too. He has been to England. I have been there, too.
I went swimming yesterday afternoon. So is my sister.
I went swimming yesterday afternoon. My sister also went.
First, sentence patterns guided by formal subjects.
Sentence pattern 1.
It happened that the+clause happened. = sb。 Happened to do something. = sb。 Do sth. By chance. For example:
It happened that he was out when I got there. He happened to be out when I got there. He happened to be out when I got there.
Sentence pattern 2.
It seems that sb.do/be has done/haddone/haddone = sb. It seems that it has done/been done/been done/been done/done/done/done (and verbs such as apparent can be used like this), such as:
It seems that he has been to Beijing before. It seems that he has been to Beijing before. It seems that he has been to Beijing before.
Sentence pattern 3.
Yes/used to be++the emphasized part+that (who)+the rest. For example:
I didn't go to bed until he came back. I didn't go to bed until he came back. We must pay attention to the shift of the predicate verb negation in the stressed sentence pattern. He didn't come to school today because he was ill. He didn't come to school today only because he was ill. (only because, not for, as or since)
Yes, I am a student. I am indeed a student. Am cannot be replaced by are. )
Sentence pattern 4.
It is time. Subject+what should be done/what has been done+others. The predicate verb in this sentence is subjunctive mood. ) such as:
We should go home. We should go home.
Sentence pattern 5.
Yes /wassaid (it is reported that …)+that+ clause. For example:
It is said that he has read this novel. It is said that he has read this novel. It is said that he has read this novel.
Sentence pattern 6.
Impossible/necessary/strange … that clause. The predicate in the clause is should+do/should have do, and its form is subjunctive mood. ) such as:
It is strange that he failed in the exam. It is strange that he failed in the exam.
Sentence pattern 7.
It's a pity/pity … that clause. (Note that the form of the predicate verb in the clause is should do or should have done, but should can be omitted. ) such as:
He didn't come back until the film was over. It's a pity that he missed the film. He didn't come back until the film was over. It's a pity that he didn't see the film.
Sentence pattern 8.
Someone suggested/ordered/ordered/… that+clause. The predicate verb of the clause is should do, but should can be omitted. ) such as:
It is suggested that the meeting should be postponed. It was suggested that the meeting be postponed.
Sentence pattern 9.
The place is/was++noun +where+ clause. Note that this sentence is not an emphasis on sentence patterns, but an attributive clause guided by where. ) such as:
This is the house where I was born. Please compare, I was born in this house. )
Sentence pattern 10.
The time is /was+ noun +when+ clause. Note that this sentence pattern is not an emphasis sentence pattern, but an attributive clause guided by when. ) such as:
When he came back from America, it was 1999. He came back from America on 1999.
Sentence pattern 1 1
It is well known that the++clause. For example:
As we all know, she is a learned woman. As we all know, she is a knowledgeable woman.
Sentence pattern 12.
It was done by+for a while+since+subject++. Please compare:
This is+a while+since+theme+done. For example:
It has been five years since he left here. It has been five years since he left here.
It has been five years since he left here. (same as above)
Pay attention to the translation of the following sentence patterns: He has lived here for five years. It has been five years since he moved here.
Sentence pattern 13.
It+ predicate+a period of time+before+subject+predicate. ) such as:
That was before the people's uprising in that country. It was not long before the people of that country rebelled.
It will be three hours before he comes back. It will be three hours before he comes back.
Sentence pattern 14.
It is+adjective (possible, impossible, necessary, etc. )++for+ sb。 + to do。 For example:
It is impossible for me to finish the work before tomorrow. It is impossible for me to finish the work before tomorrow.
Sentence pattern 15.
It is+adjective+of +sb. +to do。 = subject +be+ adjective +to do. (Common adjectives are: kindness, stupidity; Stupid, kind, wise, etc. ) such as:
It is very kind of you to help me. It is very kind of you to help me. It is very kind of you to help me.
Second, the attributive clause:
Sentence pattern 16.
Non-restrictive attributive clauses guided by as. For example:
As we know, he is a very good student. As we all know, he is a very good student. As we all know, he is a very good student. (The former is an attributive clause and the latter is a subject clause. )
Sentence pattern 17.
An unrestricted attributive clause, guided by which. For example:
He is a professor, which I have always hoped to be. He is a professor, which is the career I have been looking forward to. (because the antecedent professor is a noun indicating occupation, the leading word is which, not who.
Sentence pattern 18.
Attributive clauses guided by where and when (including restrictive or non-restrictive. ) such as:
This is the house where I used to come. Please compare: this is the house where I used to come.
This is the day when I joined the party. Please compare: this is the day when I joined the party.
Note: For the difference between that and which, please see the difference between the relative pronouns that and which. )
Third, adverbial clauses
Sentence pattern 19.
No matter what/which/who/where/when/who+clause+main sentence. (Note that tenses in clauses usually use the simple present tense. ) such as:
Whatever you do, you must do it well. Please compare: whatever you do, you must do it well.
Wherever you go, please let me know. Where are you going? Please tell me where you are going.
Note: These two sentence patterns are different in form, but they have exactly the same meaning. )
(Note: I will tell whoever wants to see it. Who in the sentence cannot be replaced by who. Because it is both the object of the verb tell and the subject of the following clause. )
Four. adverbial clause of condition
Sentence pattern 20.
When/ as long as/as long as /Once+ clause+main sentence. Clauses can also be placed after the main clause. ) such as:
As long as you give me the money, I will let you go. As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.
Once you have to learn English, you should learn it well. Once you start learning English, you should learn it well.
Sentence pattern 2 1.
Subject+condition is+clause. For example:
If you give me some money, I will go with you. If you give me some money, I will go with you.
Sentence pattern 22.
Subject+unless+clause. (Note: Unless it is a negative word, the predicate verb of the guided clause is an affirmative sentence rather than a negative sentence. ) such as:
Unless it rains, I will go there tomorrow.
Sentence pattern 23.
Imperative sentence,+and/or then+main sentence. Note: imperative sentences can also use a noun phrase. ) such as:
Use your head and you will find a good idea. Think about it, and you will come up with a good idea.
Say one more word and I'll hit you. You say one more word, and I'll hit you.
Sentence pattern 24.
If+necessary/impossible/important, etc. +main clause. (note: it is omitted between if and adjective. ) such as:
I'll do it if necessary. I will do it.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) adverbial clause of reason
Sentence pattern 25.
Subject +in case+ clause. (In case it means avoiding) For example:
I'll take a raincoat in case it rains. I'll take my raincoat in case it rains.
Sentence pattern 26.
Subject+because/because/having/+fact+clause. For example:
He didn't come to school because he was ill. He didn't come to school because he was ill.
Sixth, adverbial clauses of time
Sentence pattern 27.
When/While/As+ clause,+main clause. For example:
When I was in the country, I often carried water for you. When I was in the countryside, I often fetched water for you.
Sentence pattern 28.
The main clause++comes after/before the+clause. For example:
They divorced less than four months after they got married.
We finished our work and went home. We finished our work and went home.
Sentence pattern 29.
Subject+positive predicate +until+ clause. Please compare: subject+negative predicate +until+ clause. For example:
I worked until he came back. I worked until he came back.
I didn't start working until he came back.
Sentence pattern 30.
Once/immediately/directly/immediately/now/instantly/one minute+clause+main sentence. For example:
My father went out as soon as I got home. My father went out as soon as I got home.
Sentence pattern 3 1.
No sooner had I finished something than the subject did it. Please compare: subject +had+no soner+done… than+subject +did. For example:
I called you as soon as I arrived in Beijing. I called you as soon as I arrived in Beijing. Please compare: I'll call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
Sentence pattern 32.
Almost/rarely/rarely+done ... when/before+subject+done. Please compare: subject +have+ almost/rarely/rarely +Done…When/Before+ subject +do.
She went out just after supper. She went out as soon as she finished supper. please
She had already had dinner when she went out.
Sentence pattern 33.
From time+clause+main sentence. ) such as:
By the time you came back, I had finished reading the book. By the time you came back, I had finished writing this book.
By the time you come back, I will have finished reading this book. By the time you come back, I will have finished writing this book.
Sentence pattern 34.
Every time+clause, main sentence. At this time, it is equivalent to never or a clause that is introduced whenever. Clauses can also be placed after the main clause. ) such as:
Every time he comes to Harbin, he always drops in to see me. Whenever he comes to Harbin, he always drops in to see me.
Vii. locative adverbial clauses
Sentence pattern 35.
Where+ clause,+main clause. For example:
Agriculture is different or impossible where there is no rain. Where there is no rain, it is difficult or impossible to grow crops.
Sentence pattern 36, Anywhere/where+ clause,+main clause. For example:
Wherever I go, so does my wife. Where I go, my wife goes. Please compare:
I will go to the place you suggested. I will go wherever you suggest me to go.
Eight, the adverbial clause of purpose
Sentence pattern 37.
Main clause++for that/so that+clause. For example:
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. I got up early so that I could catch the early bus.
Sentence pattern 38.
Main sentence ++for +sb. +to do。 (Note that the infinitive compound structure of verbs is used here as an adverbial of purpose. ) such as:
He came here to let me solve this problem. He came here and asked me to help him solve this problem.
Nine, the adverbial clause of result
Sentence pattern 39.
Main clause +so that+ clause. For example:
It was very cold, so the river froze. The weather was so bad that the river froze.
Sentence pattern 40.
So+ adjective/adverb+specific verb (auxiliary verb or copula verb)+subject +…+that+ clause.
This book is so interesting that I want to read it again. This book is so interesting that I want to read it again.
Sentence pattern 4 1.
Subject+predicate+such+noun+that+clause. For example:
He made such rapid progress that all the teachers were practicing him. He made rapid progress and the teacher praised him.
Sentence pattern 42.
This is the+subject +that+ clause. ) such as:
The explosion was so powerful that all the windows were broken. The explosive force was so great that all the windows were shattered.
Sentence pattern 43.
Main sentence++only+do sth. (only and infinitive together as adverbial of result) For example:
I woke up very late, only to find that my wife had gone to work. I woke up late and found that my wife had gone to work.
X. comparative adverbial clauses
Sentence pattern 44.
Adjective+comparative ... (main sentence) Adjective comparative ... For example:
The sooner you do it, the better. The sooner the better.
Sentence pattern 45.
Subject+predicate +as+ adjective original level +as+ comparison object. For example:
He is as busy as a bee. He is very busy.
Sentence pattern 46.
Subject+predicate++adjective comparative ++of/between …
He is the taller of the two.
Sentence pattern 47.
Subject+predicate+plural +as+ adjective original level +as+ comparison object. For example:
This room is three times as big as that one. This room is three times as big as that one. This room is twice as big as that one. )
Sentence pattern 48.
Subject+predicate+percentage/multiple+adjective comparative++ratio++comparative object. For example:
This city is twice as big as ours. This city is twice as big as ours.
The output of early rice in that commune is 200% higher than that of 200 1. The output of early rice in that commune is twice that of 200 1.
Sentence pattern 49.
Subject+predicate+size/length/width/height of the object to be compared+. For example:
Our building is twice as tall as yours. Our building is twice as tall as yours.
XI。 Other sentence patterns
Sentence pattern 50.
Wh-+ clause does not matter. For example:
It doesn't matter to me what you do tomorrow. What you do tomorrow has nothing to do with me.
It doesn't matter whether you come or not.
Sentence pattern 5 1.
Adjective/adverb/noun (countable singular) +as/through+ subject+predicate,+subject. For example:
Young as he is, he knows a lot. Young as he is, he knows a lot.
Hard as he works, I'm sure he won't pass the exam. Although he studies hard, he is sure to fail in this exam.
Child as he is, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Sentence pattern 52.
We/should/had+subject+predicate+subject. take for example
I would have gone there yesterday. If I were you, I would have gone there yesterday.
Sentence pattern 53
Only+ adverbial+specific verb+subject+predicate …
Only in this way can I do the work well. Only in that way can I do the work well.
Only because he was ill did he not come to school. He didn't come to school only because he was ill.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Sentence pattern 54
Not only+concrete verb+subject+predicate … but also+subject+predicate … such as:
Not only does he learn English well, but he also speaks French well. Not only does he learn English well, but he also speaks French fluently.
Sentence pattern 55
Where … or …, inside … is not …, there … or … such as:
It doesn't matter whether he will come. It doesn't matter whether he comes or not.
Sentence pattern 56
Subject+question +while+ clause. Please compare: subject+specific negation++question +that ++ clause. For example:
I have no doubt that he will come this afternoon. I'm sure he will come this afternoon.
2. How/How+Nouns/Pronouns/Do sth/Adverbs/Adverbial Clauses
"... what should I do? ..... do what? "(used to ask for advice, information, suggestions, etc. from the other party. )
How about going to France this summer? How about going to France for a holiday in summer?
How about going for a walk in the Woods? How about going for a walk in the Woods?
3 ... Do as sb. Do ... "Do as someone does"
You should do as the teacher tells you. You should do as your teacher says.
Do as Romans do in Rome. Do as Romans do in Rome.
4. No+noun/pronoun +Do/Does ... "None of them ..."
For example, none of the telephones works.
All the phones are out of order.
None of them is interested in physics. None of them is interested in physics.
5.Not+All+ plural nouns/uncountable nouns+are/is … "not all …"; "Not all ..."
For example, not all car parts are made in factories.
Not all car parts are made in this factory.
Not all students can pass the exam. Not all students can pass the exam.
Not all factors here produce shirts. Not all factories here produce shirts.
6. Subject+verb+and/same ............................................................................................................................................................
The English teacher is as old as my father.
The English teacher is as old as my father.
My friend looks the same as before. My friend seems to have not changed much.
7. Yes /was+ adjective+infinitive "Doing something is ..."
It's great to travel in that big forest.
Traveling in that big forest is really beautiful.
Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you.
8. Theme+What will be done ...+When ... "... what will be done ..."
I was about to go swimming this afternoon. Fortunately, our guide saw me and should be by my side. ...
I was about to go swimming in the water this afternoon. Fortunately, our guide saw me and shouted at me. ...
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
9. What (a/an)+ noun+subject+predicate! How+ adjective/adverb+subject+predicate!
"How can ...; ..... It's really ... "For example:
What a terrible sight! What a sad sight!
What dangerous fish they are! These fish are really fierce!
What fine weather! What a nice day! What fine weather!
How stupid these questions are! Those questions are stupid!
10. Isn't it …/Don't you …? Negative sentences are used to express surprise or blame for something.
Is it uncomfortable to sit in a Chinese chair?
Is it uncomfortable to sit in this Chinese chair?
Can't you see I'm one of you? Can't you see that I'm one of your kind?
1 1. Only/except ... "Nothing, but ..."
There is nothing but sand under the soil. The soil is full of sand.
For miles, I could see nothing but fire and smoke.
For miles, we can only see fire and smoke.
12. It takes some time to do something.
How long did it take someone to do something?
For example:
It took 100 workers a month to complete the bridge.
It took 100 workers a month to build the bridge.
It will take me an hour to do my homework.
It will take me an hour to finish my homework.
13.a is ... times+ adjective comparative/adverb comparative+than b "A is a multiple of ... greater than b (big, small, high, low)"
For example, the population of San Francisco and its surrounding areas is now ten times that of 1906.
At present, the population in the urban and suburban areas of San Francisco is more than 10 times 1906 times.
The speed of an airplane is many times faster than that of a train.
Planes fly several times faster than trains.
14.a is ... times As+ adjective/adverb+as b "A is ... times b"
They produced ten times as much food this year as they did five years ago.
Their grain output this year is 10 times that of five years ago.
15. Subject+not+thinking/believing/expecting/imagining/assuming+object clause.
When a verb, such as "think ... won't ...", is used to introduce a negative concept, it usually becomes negative.
Instead of turning the predicate verb in the following object clause into a negative sentence. Grammatically, this is called negative transfer.
I don't think I will see Mary this morning.
I don't think I can see Mary this morning.
I don't think she will marry her daughter to you.
I don't think she will marry her daughter to you.
16，subject+prefere+a to b“…prefere a to b”； "... prefer a to b"
Enjoy doing sth. Enjoy doing sth.
Subject+prefers to do sth. I prefer doing something to doing something.
Subject+I prefer to do something 1 rather than doing something 2 … I prefer to do something 1 rather than doing something 2.
Subject+prefer someone to do something ... like someone to do something.
I prefer walking along country roads to staying at home watching TV all the time.
I prefer walking on country roads to staying at home and watching TV all the time.
She prefers chemistry to mathematics. He prefers chemistry to mathematics.
17. Would you please do ...? "Would you please do something?" (politely express the request)
Would you please read the letter in public? Will you read this letter in public?
Would you please pass me the photo? Would you please pass me those photos?
18. Subject+predicate+adjective comparative/adverb comparative +and+ adjective comparative/adverb comparative
"... more and more ..." (This double comparative structure means continuous change)
For example, when spring comes, the days are getting longer and longer.
Spring has come and the days are getting longer and longer.
Kites fly higher and higher. Kites fly higher and higher.
19. Why don't you do ... "Why don't you ...? "
Why not ... "Why not ...? "
You'd better do ... "You'd better ..."
These three sentence patterns are used to give advice or suggestions to friends.
For example:
Why don't you use your knife? Why not use your knife?
Why not wear a flower? Why not wear a flower?
You'd better spend the night here. You'd better spend the night here.
20. Subject +find+it/it's+ adjective+infinitive (phrase) "... find that doing something is ..."
He found it important to study the situation in Russia.
He found it important to study the situation in Russia.
I find it interesting to wear such a hat.