It's all empty

Pinyin: k not ng kōng kōng rú y

Explanation: Empty: Sincere and open-minded. The original description is sincere and open-minded. Nothing is described now.

Source: The Analects of Confucius Zi Han: "A certain man asked me, and it was empty. I knocked at both ends and I was exhausted. "

For example, when many eyes looked for Zhong Wang's seat, they found that the little man's seat was empty. Yang Mo's Song of Youth, Part II, Chapter 38

Pinyin code: kkry

Synonym: Know nothing, have nothing.

Antonym: everything.

Two-part allegorical saying: The bowl fell down; Appetizing pie

Lantern riddle: virtual light

Usage: as predicate and attribute; Don't describe anything

English: empty

Story: During the Spring and Autumn Period, some people worshipped Confucius and praised him for his profound knowledge. Confucius denied that he was very knowledgeable. He said that he went to the countryside to watch farmers do farm work easily. The farmer asked him what "emptiness" meant, but he didn't know it until he studied it repeatedly, and then tried to tell him the exact meaning.

"Er" means which idioms come from behind.

inherit

Pinyin: jiē zhǒ ngé r.

Explanation: it means that people's front feet follow their back feet one after another. Describe a lot of new people, an endless stream.

Source: "Warring States Policy Qi Ce III": "When I came, I heard about it. Thousands of miles away, I am a scholar. I stand shoulder to shoulder. I am immortal and a saint. If I follow, I will not be a scholar if I meet seven scholars today! "

For example: Taiwan Province Province, Qingdao and Weihai. Zhang on the new party.

Synonym: coming from afar, one after another.

Grammar: as predicate and attribute; Used in written language

What do the idioms "3" and "awesome afterlife" mean?

The afterlife is awesome [hòu shēng kèwè]

Basic explanation and detailed explanation

The afterlife: young people, the younger generation; Fear: awe. Young people are awesome. Describe that young people can surpass their predecessors.

commendatory sense

tidy

"The Analects of Confucius Zi Han": "The afterlife is terrible; I don't know if the new person is now. "

What does "boss" Miao Honggen mean? Is there this idiom? If so, what does it mean?

The special title of that special era classified by "family background"

The status of poor peasants is relatively high, and the so-called "roots are healthy and seedlings are red" and "the poorer they are, the more revolutionary they are". There are also relatives or relatives related to revolutionary work.

The children of the rich are squeezed out everywhere.

There is an idiom "Wu" that I don't know what it means.

Don't know someone's intentions

Pinyin büZhu uǒyún

Synonym: the antonym of irrelevant, incoherent and evasive words: concise, easy to understand and concise.

Usage: verb-object type; As predicate, attribute and complement; It's derogatory, indicating that you don't know what to say.

Commentary: Cloud: Say. I don't know what to say. The text is confusing or empty, which is confusing.

Source: Three Kingdoms Zhi Shu Zhuge Liang's "Former Teacher's Watch": "I cried on my face and didn't know what to say."

Example: The logic of this article is so poor that people can't understand it.

After the words: ducks listen to thunder.

Riddle: Where does your family live?

Idiom story: In 225 AD, Zhuge Liang led an army to conquer Meng Huo in the south. He captured Meng Huo seven times and released him seven times. Meng Huo finally surrendered to Shu Han. After pacifying the south, he was relieved, and Zhuge Liang decided to attack Wei. Before he left, he wrote a "campaign" to Liu Chan, put forward the historical lesson that cronyism led to the collapse of the upper ruling group in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and advised Liu Chan that "a good minister is far from a villain"; Reward and punishment are strict, and you are open-minded. Finally, Zhuge Liang wrote: "Now, stay away from it, you will cry. You don't know what to say. " Express his sincere and excited mood.

After all the arrangements were made, Zhuge Liang led a mighty army to the front line in Hanzhong. Liu Dan, the late ruler, led the officials to send them ten miles outside Chengdu.

What does the idiom "Lu" mean?

Guidance on writing couplets (lecture 4, phrase structure and sentence components) Saturday, February 2, 2008 at 22:27 lecture 4, phrase structure and sentence components

Structure of words and phrases

When writing couplets, we must understand and master the structure of words and phrases in order to achieve consistent sentence patterns and corresponding structures. To make the antithesis neat, it is necessary to use words and phrases correctly to make the same structure oppose each other. The words mentioned here are grammatical words, not words of literary poetry. )

According to modern Chinese grammar, there are connections and differences between words. Characters are the characters and symbols of a recording language. Words are the smallest and freely used language units. Chinese characters are meaningful one word at a time, and most of them can be used independently. Often, a word is a word. Words used to be called words, and the so-called "content words and function words" are actually "content words and function words" in modern Chinese.

Types of words have different names according to different standards:

1. Monosyllabic words, disyllabic words and polysyllabic words are divided according to the number of syllables. Monosyllabic words are words composed of one syllable, which are written in a Chinese character, such as "Tian", "Yi", "Zou" and "Hong". Disyllabic words are words composed of two syllables, which are written in two Chinese characters: Guo, Duality, Yong and We. Disyllabic words are words composed of three or more syllables and written in three or more Chinese characters, such as "broadcast", "tall building" and "English-Chinese dictionary". In ancient Chinese, monosyllabic words were commonly used, while in modern Chinese, monosyllabic words were expanded into disyllabic words, such as "beauty → beauty", "person → person" and "teacher → teacher". Ancient Chinese (classical Chinese) is often used in couplets, and there are many monosyllabic words, so special attention should be paid to mastering monosyllabic words.

2. Simple words and compound words are divided according to the meaning components of words. Simple words contain only one meaningful component (morpheme), such as "person", "sea" and "big". Compound words contain two or more meaningful components, such as "people", "greatness" and "popularization". All monosyllabic words are simple words. Simple words are not necessarily monosyllabic words. For example, "loquat" is a disyllabic word, but it is a simple word, because the combination of the two words is a meaningful component. The transliteration of loanwords, such as "sofa", "France" and "Franklin", is disyllabic or polysyllabic, but each word only means one sound, not meaning, so it is still a simple word.

A phrase is a linguistic unit composed of two or more words. It is bigger than words and smaller than sentences. In couplet writing, phrases composed of two monosyllabic words and compound words composed of two morphemes are often used, so we should pay attention to mastering their construction methods.

The common structural patterns of compound words and phrases are joint, partial formal, subject-predicate type, verb-object type, verb-complement type and object-object type.

(1) combined type

Also known as juxtaposition, it is composed of synonyms or antonyms.

① Synonymous union

Nouns+nouns such as: people's land portal, courage, boldness, Claudia's leaf, Yanshan Mountain.

Verb+verb, such as: singing, writing, making, learning, staying in the landing attack.

Adjectives+adjectives such as: rich, poor, rich, kind, beautiful, warm and profound.

② Antisense combination

Nouns+nouns, such as: heaven, earth, fire, water, spring and autumn, day and night, merits and demerits, ups and downs.

Verb+verb: ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs, success or failure, sadness, joy, praise and criticism, ups and downs.

Adjective+adjective, such as: high and low, small and deep, difficult to rise and fall, good and bad.

(2) Partial form

The previous morpheme or word modifies the next morpheme or word. The former is partial justice and the latter is justice; The former is like branches and leaves, while the latter is like roots.

Adjectives or nouns, verbs, quantifiers, pronouns+nouns, such as: Dajiang Qingjiang Sanjiang carefully frustrated double-hearted small garden home pastoral this garden door cold door Buddhism Pengmen China powerful country future Pengcheng return.

Adjective or adverb, verb+verb, such as: go, go, gallop, forge ahead, make new progress, imagine, guess and think. Don't beat up, don't soar, don't soar, don't take off, don't lament, don't roar, don't argue.

(3) Subject-predicate type

The former morpheme or word is like the subject, and the latter morpheme or word is like the predicate; The former is the object of the statement, and the latter is the part of the statement.

Nouns+verbs such as: Sha Fei water, flowers bloom and leaves fall, cicadas bark and dogs bark, tigers roar and dragons are happy to have guests.

(2) Nouns+adjectives such as: impatience, timidity, youth, deep affection, long-term, beautiful, strong and official.

Some formal compounds or phrases, once reversed, become subject-predicate compounds or phrases. Such as: big trees → big trees and strong winds → strong winds and hardships → good-hearted corrupt officials → corrupt officials and powerful countries → powerful countries.

(4) Verb-object type

Also known as advantages. There is a dominant and dominated relationship between the front and back morphemes or words. The former refers to action or behavior, and the latter refers to the object dominated by action or behavior; The former is like a verb predicate, and the latter is like an object.

Formal verbs+nouns or pronouns, such as: weightlifting and skating, rest assured, signature, confidant, lover, hate governing the country, study, make up lessons, bloom in the New Year, and prevent sand.

Some subject-predicate compounds or phrases, once reversed, become verb-object compounds or phrases, such as: flowers bloom → flowers bloom in Sha Fei → guests fly to sand → guests rule the country → rule the country → turn it upside down.

(5) Types of dynamic complements

Also called complementarity. Before and after morphemes or words, there are complements and complements, explanations and explanations, and the latter are often complementary to the former. In the whole sense, the former is dominant; The former is like a verb predicate, and the latter is like a complement.

Form verbs+adjectives or verbs and adverbs, such as: explain, correct, improve, improve, catch a flat tire ahead of time, drive away, eat and wear warm clothes, and climb in the distance is beautiful.

Some verb-complement words or phrases can be * * * "de" to indicate possibility; * * * "No" means impossible. Such as "full", "seeing far", "not lifting high" and "not seeing clearly".

(6) Binbin type

A preposition leads the object it carries to the subject, with the preposition in front and the object behind. Preposition forms can be as short as two words and as long as several words.

Form a preposition+noun or pronoun, such as: here, with the power of the monarch, from the south to the sea.

△ △ △ △ △

Put friends and relatives in the mountains and rivers for the people and the motherland (△ as a preposition)

△ △ △ △

Above, "type" refers to "structure", joint type refers to joint structure, partial form refers to partial structure, and so on.

Word and phrase structure comparison table

structure type

Explanatory words

The combined structure countries have good sediments, the sun, the moon, the east and the west.

The structure is biased, and everyone has a beautiful white sand and bright moon in the East China Sea.

Theme-Predicting Architects' Flowers, Moon and Tsunami in Greater Sha Fei

Animal Structure Patriotic Flying Sand Selling Flowers Watching the Moon Watching the Sea

The verb-complement structure loves to fly deeply, and you can see it clearly when it is sold out.

The interface structure is a national desert, with flowers before the moon and the sea under the moon.

Two sentence elements

Sentence is the unit of language use. A sentence can express a complete meaning. In reading aloud and reading aloud, sentences have a certain intonation, and there is a big pause between sentences.

Duality must be phrase to phrase and sentence to sentence. In order to do this job well, besides understanding and mastering the structure of words and phrases, we need to know more about sentences.

The main components of a sentence are subject and predicate. A sentence can have four secondary components: attribute, adverbial, object and complement.

1. Subject and predicate

The subject is the declarative object of the predicate, indicating who or what the predicate says. Predicate states the subject, indicating "how" or "what". The subject usually comes first and the predicate usually comes last. Nouns and pronouns are often used as subjects. Verbs (including "yes" and "you") and adjectives are often used as predicates. Here is an example of Spring Festival couplets, with nouns as the subject:

Magnificent mountains and rivers;

△△

Years are eventful.

△△

The following is an example of Spring Festival couplets, with adjectives as predicates:

Enriching the country and strengthening the people;

△△

The people are happy and healthy.

△△

2. Objectives

The object is a joint component of the verb, which is usually followed by the verb, and can also be used in front of the verb with the help of prepositions such as "Ba" and "Dui" to indicate the object, achievement, tool, place or existing thing of the behavior, and is generally filled with nouns and pronouns. For example, Pan inscribed the Great Hall of the People with nouns as objects:

A pillar supports East Asia;

△△

The stars arch the Polaris.

△△

3.attributive

Attribute is a component that modifies or restricts nouns. A word that is modified or restricted is the head word. Attributive indicates the attribute, shape, quantity, person, place, time and scope of the head word. Attributive is filled with adjectives, quantifiers, nouns and pronouns before the head word. For example, Zhang Guangjian's topic is the couplets of Kongtong Mountain in Gansu Province, and the quantifier is used as an attribute: (the black triangle indicates the prefix)

Overlooking the river, the hundred-foot tower is full of water;

△△▲▲△△▲

Surrounded by city walls, thousands of fireworks surround the mountains.

△△▲▲△△▲

4. Adverbial

Adverbials are elements that modify verbs or adjectives. The modified verb or adjective is the head word. Adverbials are composed of adjectives, adverbs, quantifiers (momentum), nouns indicating place or time, and object-object structures, usually before the head word. Such as Taiwan Province Tan Jian Ancient Temple Alliance, adjectives as adverbials:

Rebuild historic sites and turn them into tourist destinations;

△▲

The name of the temple is long and fragrant.

△▲

Step 5 supplement

Complement is a supplementary component of a verb or adjective. The verb or adjective to be added is the head word. Complement indicates the result, quantity or degree of behavior. Complement consists of verbs, adjectives, adverbs and quantifiers (momentum), which are used after verbs or adjectives; Sometimes "virtue" is used to express (such as "beauty"). Such as Shaanxi Yaowangshan Yaowangmiao couplets, adjectives as complements:

Medical hidden mountain Lin Yuan;

▲ △

Benevolence means that it is popular at present.

▲ △

Phrases have a great effect. Subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial and complement can all be filled with related phrases.

Three sentence types

1. declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences

The types of sentences are classified according to content, meaning and mood. A statement is called a declarative sentence, and the sentence ends with a period. The question is called a question, and there is a question mark at the end of the sentence; Asking the listener to do or not to do something is called imperative sentence, with a period or exclamation point at the end of the sentence; What expresses strong feelings is called an exclamation sentence, and an exclamation point is used at the end of the sentence.

2. Complete sentences and incomplete sentences

According to sentence components, there are complete sentences and incomplete sentences.

A complete sentence is also called a two-part sentence, with complete subject and predicate and complete meaning. Such as three Gu Tanglian in Longzhong:

Two tables and three notes;

A pair of feet is forever.

└—┬—┘ └—┬—┘

Subject part predicate part

Incomplete sentences, also known as partial sentences, can be divided into three types:

(1) The unowned sentence has only a predicate part and no subject part; You can't say the subject, or you don't have to say the subject. Generally caused by verb-object phrases. Some imperative sentences are sentences without subjects. Such as * Youth Self-encouragement Federation:

() * * Be with people with courage;

() Reading without words.

└—┬—┘ └——┬——┘

Subject part predicate part

(2) Elliptic sentences In a certain language environment (dialogue, context), some elements in a sentence can be omitted. The two subjects "I" and "we" are often omitted in couplets, and sometimes couplets are linked with the whole province. For example, Peng Yulin wrote couplets on the Yellow Crane Tower, and the two provinces "I":

I came thousands of miles to see plum blossoms on the river until the red sheep was robbed;

Who left forever? () Listening to the Jade Emperor in the building, he called back the Yellow Crane to fly high.

(3) A single sentence consists of a single word or noun phrase. There are many omitted components, which are difficult to determine, and the meaning is more implicit. For example, after the September 18th Incident, a short couplet appeared in Shenyang:

Death;

Healthy. (backward)

The meaning is extremely rich: under the occupation of the Japanese invaders, where will you go, life is worse than death; I would rather die standing than live backwards; die rather than submit ...

Another example is Dong Peng's Xie Jue Zai Lian:

Long March veteran;

Poets who suffered from the Cultural Revolution.

Xie Juezai, who participated in the Long March, served as the representative of the Eighth Route Army in Lanzhou during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, and later served as Dean of the Supreme People's Court. He had no choice but to be a "sick poet" for the lawless Cultural Revolution.

3. Simple sentences and complex sentences

According to the number of sentences, there are simple sentences and complex sentences.

Simple sentences are also called simple sentences. It usually consists of a subject-predicate phrase, and it can also consist of a word or other phrases. Simple sentences can be complete sentences or incomplete sentences. A single sentence is not necessarily short, but it can be composed of major components and minor components, so the text is longer.

A complex sentence is a big sentence composed of clauses with closely related meanings. Every clause in a complex sentence is called a clause. In couplets, for the convenience of narration, comma-separated phrases are generally called clauses, which are different from grammatical clauses. Clauses in complex sentences have joint relations and some relations. For example, angel lee's self-encouragement:

Suffering is a good policy, hard work, hard work, hard work, suffering will eventually become heaven;

Stealing leisure is not a good policy, gossiping, loitering and meddling, idle people are useless.

The upper and lower couplets each consist of five clauses to form a complex sentence. Three clauses in Chinese are combination, and the clauses of the last seven words are part (cause and effect); There is a positive correlation between the last four sentences and the first sentence (causal relationship, inverted sentence).

To distinguish simple sentences from complex sentences, we should focus on the composition and structure of sentences and supplement the omitted components (except simple sentences and sentences without subjects). Such as Tao Xingzhi's title:

Who is the master if the four bodies are not diligent and the grains are not divided?

Students are people who ask small doubts and listen to big things.

The subject of the upper and lower couplets is omitted, and the semi-couplet is a simple sentence.

Cai Yuanpei took Lu Xun's couplets:

The book is the most rigorous, it is not the history of China's novels;

The last words are too painful. Don't be an empty writer.

The upper and lower conjunctions have their own subjects and predicates, and the subject of the next sentence is ellipsis. Semi-couplet is a compound sentence.

Structural analysis of four idioms

Idioms are concise and expressive, and are often used in writing. Understanding the structure of idioms is helpful to the neatness of antithesis.

Most idioms are composed of four words. It can be a complete sentence with a complete subject and predicate, such as "A flash of light", "I have a plan", "Pride goes before a fall" and "I wish I could fly to shake the tree". It can be an incomplete sentence with the subject or predicate omitted, such as "daydreaming", "different", "plead for the people" and "joys and sorrows".

Idioms, the relationship between the first word and the last word can be different. The relationship between subject and predicate is like "crash and burn" and "talented people come forth in large numbers". The relationship between verbs and objects is like "taking pleasure in suffering" and "changing old ways". The relationship between deviation and justice is "urgency", "beautiful expression" and "leniency".

Idioms, the first two words and the last two words have the greatest correlation. In the idiom of joint relationship, the relationship between the first two words and the last two words is different.

1. connector+connector is as follows:

Prosperous, rich, magnificent, modest and prudent, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.

Gentleness, humility, frugality, enthusiasm, impassioned, phoenix, turtle, dragon, enchanting shadow, debauchery, wealth, romantic dew.

Failure, frankness, priorities, regardless of emotions.

2. Partial correction+partial correction, such as:

Half-hearted, three graves and five codes, five continents and four seas, do everything possible to make a difference.

Rare fire tree, honeysuckle, fire, knife mountain, moon, moon, wind, name, lock.

Words and swords, lips and guns, ice and snow, bullets and rain, beautiful scenery, mentor, childhood friends.

Bright eyes and white teeth, beautiful mountains and rivers, gentle wind and drizzle, Chixian Shenzhou, loyal and benevolent.

The rules and customs of hell to pay, a hard armed soldier, and the Rat City Fox were established.

(The above deviation is "attribute+head noun")

Three orders, five applications, seven patchwork and ever-changing experiments, neck and neck.

Careful analysis, long-term vision, broad thinking and careful calculation.

Sorrow before joy, innuendo, infighting, cynicism, perverse behavior.

Levy, blackmail, obey rumors, look around, sigh, sigh and sing.

(The above deviation is "adverbial+central verb")

3. Subject+subject, such as:

In Hu Xiao, Long Yin, Feng Mingluan dances fast, singing birds and flowers.

I was fascinated, I heard, I saw, I smiled, I succeeded, and I was looking forward to it.

As we all know, the wolf is in a hurry to swallow whales, and he is in a hurry.

Rebellion, abandonment and destruction.

(The above subject and predicate are "nouns+verbs")

The people live a rich life, the people are rich, the people are rich, the country is strong, the land is vast, and they are old and weak.

Day by day, the moon is full of flowers and the beads are relaxed and happy. Wang Run is pure, clean, honest and fragile.

Get twice the result with half the effort, get rid of study, dry mouth, no water and no brain, full of fat sheep greedy for wolves

Luxurious and dangerous.

(The above subject and predicate are "nouns+adjectives")

4. Verb-object+verb-object

Quote classics, seek common ground while reserving differences, make great efforts to govern, cut through thorns, and Dai Yue treats each other with sincerity.

Call for rain, change the world, forget all about eating and sleeping, and help the poor.

Hold one's head high and throw bricks to attract jade for fame, be well informed, buy gifts and return pearls.

Sit and watch the sky, play with things, be frustrated, take bribes and bend the law, cheat and cheat, smoke comes and goes, and sand sinks.

Before and after are idioms of joint relations, many of which can be used upside down, such as:

Passionate → impassioned Qianshan → Qianshan Wanshui.

Hu Xiao, Long Yin → Hu Xiaolong spends a good full moon → the full moon spends a good flower.

Although there is a connection between before and after, if the two behaviors have a sequential relationship, they cannot be reversed, such as "seeing the needle" and "self-defeating".

"Qi" knows what it means when it sees the word, and which idiom has a very common idiom.

You can tell at a glance.

Where are you?

[Interpretation] You can see it at a glance.

[Language] Qing Lvyuan Li's "Qi Lu Deng": "I said another answer; There are sweet and vulgar words; Shallow in meaning; China and Tibet have long known. "

[Pronunciation] and; It can't be pronounced "IR".

[Shape discrimination] and; Can't write "uh".

You can see at a glance that the hole is like a fire, which is obvious.

[antonym] Vague, vague, hazy.

[Usage] Generally used as predicate and attribute.

Linkage type.

What does the idiom "ba" mean and how to explain it?

Never before, never after. The exaggerated description is unique. It also describes extraordinary achievements or grand occasions.

What is the meaning of the "nine" idiom describing lovers?

There are many idioms to describe lovers, such as:

1, customer-oriented.

Pinyin: Xiāng jāng rúbιn

Explanation: describe that husband and wife respect each other as if they were guests.

Source: "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong" thirty-three years: "The season makes the discipline, seeing the lack of discipline, and the wife has married it, respecting it and treating it like a guest."

For example, make sentences: husband ploughs first, wife ploughs last, share joys and sorrows, and respect each other like guests.

2. Care for each other

Pinyin: xiāng rú yǐ mò

Explanation: Yan: wet; Bubble: spit. When the spring is dry, the saliva of fish moistens each other. Metaphor is to help each other with meager strength in difficult situations.

Source: Master Zhuangzi: "When spring is dry, fish are on the ground. It is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes. "

For example, make a sentence: or bow down and ask the people to help each other.

Step 3 love each other

Pinyin: xi and xi

Explanation: Describe the close relationship and deep feelings.

Source: Wang Mingshi's Feng Ming Bai Ji Zhong Ling: "When I was young, I used to associate with Yan's family, talking and laughing, sleeping and sitting together, loving each other, that is, meeting each other and never leaving."

Example: I remember last night, talking and laughing, how interesting it was to fall in love, but this situation has changed tonight.

4. Husband and woman sing together.

Pinyin: f chàng füsuí

Explanation: follow: echo. Originally refers to the feudal society in which the wife must obey her husband, and later refers to the harmonious relationship between husband and wife.

Source: Guan Yinzi Shan Zhi: "The principle of the world, the husband is the master, and the woman follows it."

For example, the couple in Chunlang also prayed silently. Since then, harmony has prevailed.

What idioms need to be picked up? What does this idiom mean?

Just in case: basic explanation: it may appear when needed.

Pinyin pronunciation: bu

hope

zhī

slow

Specific examples of use: there should be enough reserves of grain to cope with ~.

Synonym group: needed from time to time

Antonym Group: Certain Rules

Usage: formal; Become an object; It means when it may be needed.

The origin of the idiom: Shi Hou Chi Bi Fu: "I have a man who fights for wine to be stored for my son."

Take what you need: Basic explanation: Choose what you need.

Pinyin pronunciation: gè

qǔ

short for Suzhou/short for Jiangsu Province/short of the Soviet Union/a surname

slow

Synonym group: each has its own position.

Usage: subject-predicate type; As predicate and object; Have positive significance.

The origin of the idiom: Ba Jin's In Nice: "Readers are not monolithic, they have their own opinions, and they are' to get what they want'."