1. Roll call

After the meeting begins, the chairman's assistant (sometimes called meeting secretary) will first call the roll. Generally, in English order of the first letter of the country's full name, the assistant to the president or the secretary-general will point to the name of the country. The representative of the country will raise the country card to indicate attendance and answer "come", and then the assistant to the president or the secretary-general will respond by saying "Representatives of such-and-such country are present."

After all the points have been clicked, the assistant to the chairman or the secretary-general announces the number of countries that should be present, the number of countries that are actually present, the number of absentees, two-thirds majority, half (simple majority), and percentage for this meeting. Twenty people. The meeting can only proceed normally if two-thirds of the member states are present.

2. Determine the topic

After the roll call session ends, the chairman will ask if there are any questions or motions. Representatives need to move to discuss topic A or B first to start the process of determining the topic. link. If there are more than one topic at this meeting (usually two), the representatives will determine the topic to be discussed first through debate and voting.

In the topic determination stage, the chairman will randomly select an equal number of representatives from the countries that agree to discuss topic A first and those that agree to discuss topic B first, and establish a temporary list of speakers, one positive and one negative. Cross speaking. Explain the reasons and motivations for choosing to discuss the topic first. The speaking time is 90 seconds. After every six representatives have finished speaking, the chairman will ask if there is any representative in the audience who wants to make a motion to end the debate. If the motion is not passed or there is no motion, the speaker list will continue. If the motion is passed, a vote will be held. The debate at this stage will not end until a motion to end the debate is passed, and then a vote to determine the issue will be held. The voting principle is a simple majority, that is, 50% + 1.

3. Generate a list of speakers

After the topic is determined, the formal debate begins. The chairman will ask the representatives who need to speak to raise their country placards and randomly call out the names of the countries. The order in which the representatives speak is the order in which the chairman calls their names. When the representatives hear that their country is called, they put down their country placards. Each representative has an initial speaking time of 120 seconds, which can be changed by motion. Delegates can see the list of speakers on a large screen.

If you need additional speaking opportunities (the name of the country is not on the speakers list or has already finished speaking), you can send a note of intention to the rostrum to add the country it represents to the speakers list, and the chairman will add the name of the country. At the end of the speakers list. If a representative is already on the speakers' list and has not yet spoken, he cannot be given an additional opportunity to speak before he speaks. Once all countries on the speaker list have spoken and no representative has made additional remarks, the meeting will directly enter the voting stage.

After the speaker list is determined, representatives will come forward to speak one by one in the order of the list. Each representative will have a speaking time of 2 minutes (depending on the situation). The Chairman will remind delegates of the time at appropriate times. Countries with dual representatives (one or two representatives per country) can only have one representative take the stage to speak. If the speaking time is less than 2 minutes (the prescribed time) and the remaining time exceeds 10 seconds, the time can be transferred to other countries. If the remaining time is within 10 seconds, there is no need to give up.

There are several situations of transfer: first, transfer to the chairman, which is equivalent to giving up time; second, transfer to other representatives, and the country cannot transfer twice; third, transfer to the question, The country that wants to ask a question raises a placard, and the chairman of the conference decides the country to ask the question (the question time is not included in the speaking time of the representative); the fourth is to give up the comment, and the chairman of the conference decides the country to speak.

Note that secondary transfer is not allowed, that is, the representative of the country that accepts the transfer cannot transfer his remaining time to other countries again.

4. Put forward motions and questions

While the conference is in progress, when a representative of a country has finished speaking in the formal debate, the chairman will ask "Are there any motions or questions?" If you want to have questions or Representatives who wish to speak can raise their country card.

Issues do not require voting and mainly include three types of issues.

The first is procedural issues. When the proceedings of the conference are inconsistent with the established rules, representatives can raise procedural issues and question the chairman. This question can be raised at any time in the General Assembly (the delegate who is speaking can be interrupted) and has priority.

The second is advisory questions. When representatives are unclear about the procedures and rules of the conference, they can ask this question and the chairman will explain it.

The third is the issue of personal privileges. When representatives have reasonable personal needs, such as the conference room is too cold, the projection is difficult to see clearly, etc., they can raise issues of personal privileges.

Motions require voting. Except for questions, all actions of representatives must be submitted to the general assembly. General motions require a simple majority (50% + 1) to pass, and motions to end debate require more than two-thirds. Number passed. All motions are not subject to abstention at the time of bidding. The content of the motion includes:

First, the motion is to change the speaking time. Representatives can make a motion to extend or shorten the speaking time according to the situation on the spot.

The second is a motion to temporarily interrupt the formal debate and conduct an informal debate. Representatives can make such a motion when they believe it is necessary to conduct a special discussion on a certain issue at the meeting or conduct private multi-faceted consultations. Informal debates are divided into: moderated core consultations and unmoderated core consultations (also known as free consultations)

The third is to make a motion to end the debate. When representatives believe that the draft resolution has been fully discussed, they can make a motion to end the debate. The draft resolution is put to a roll call vote. The motion requires a two-thirds vote to pass. Delegates need to be careful when making this motion.

5. Note of Intent

A note for representatives to communicate their intentions with other representatives and the chairman. It should be prepared by the organizing committee or brought by you. There is no fixed format, but you must clearly write "from a certain country" and "to a certain country/chairman". You can consult and lobby with other representatives at any time, and you can also ask the chairman to speak, consult the agenda, or put forward your own ideas. In short, letters of intent are very important at the conference, and many issues are resolved privately through letters of intent.

At the same time, if you can be creative with your intention note, such as painting the national flag, country name, greetings, etc., it will leave a good impression on other representatives in advance. ?

After each representative has finished speaking in the formal debate, the chairman will face the audience and ask if there are any motions or questions. If you think there is a topic that delegates care about most and would like to discuss the most, you can initiate an informal debate on that topic. ?

6. Informal debate.

Representatives can propose motions for consultations, including two types:

First, presided over core consultations. The so-called presided over core consultations, as the name implies, means that the chairman presides over a certain issue at the conference. Conduct consultations on fixed topics. Delegates must state the following points when proposing such a motion: who proposes it, what the topic is, the total length of time, and how long each representative will speak. At that time, the chairman will randomly call out representatives who raised placards to speak within a fixed time. After one person has finished speaking, he will call on the next one. The remaining time cannot be transferred. Each representative must speak on the identified topics and may also comment on the speeches of previous representatives.

The moderated core consultation is highly flexible. Representatives can raise it at any time whenever they think it is necessary to discuss a specific issue, so most issues are resolved in this link. The main body that presides over each core consultation basically forms the general framework of the draft resolution, and the content of the working document is basically a summary of the content of several important core consultations that have presided over. Therefore, each conference should be interspersed with multiple moderated core consultations.

Delegates should pay attention to actively using the support of the letter of intent before proposing moderated core consultations each time to increase the passing rate of moderated core consultations.

The second is free consultation: representatives of the applicant country propose a total time, and representatives can conduct free consultations without fixed topics.

Delegates must state the following points when proposing such a motion: who proposed it and the total duration. The conference will be temporarily suspended at that time, and representatives can leave their seats to freely discuss, lobby, and write documents with each other in the venue. Delegates can apply when they feel that the meeting process is slow or do not understand a certain party's position, or they think it is necessary to discuss some detailed issues, such as the conciseness and specific content of the draft resolution, and they want to communicate with more representatives in a centralized manner. Free consultation is very important when the meeting is deadlocked and later in the meeting. Delegates must make full use of this period to actively participate in discussions and listen to the positions of all parties. Of course, if time is tight, some content can also be carried out through letters of intent or private consultations without taking up the conference time.

After each representative has finished speaking in the formal debate, the chairman will face the audience and ask if there are any motions or questions. If you think there is a topic that delegates care about most and would like to discuss the most, you can initiate an informal debate on that topic.

7. Most steps in a Model United Nations meeting require voting by all representatives, including voting on procedures and voting on meeting documents.

For voting on procedures, all representatives are required to vote and no abstentions are allowed.

If a representative is absent at this time, it will not affect the voting as long as the number of representatives present is not less than two-thirds. Under normal circumstances, it is recommended not to be absent midway to avoid unnecessary trouble.

The procedure for voting on a motion is as follows. When the next representative proposes a motion, the chairman can ask if he or she agrees. At this time, the representative who agrees with the motion can raise a placard, and the chairman randomly Point out someone for a signal. If there are no representatives raising placards at this time, the motion will be deemed not to have been passed. After that, the chairman can ask the floor if there are any similar motions and vote on them together to save time. Voting takes place in the order in which motions are submitted.

8. Representatives will submit meeting documents in sequence according to the progress of the debate: working documents, draft resolutions, and amendments. Among them, draft resolutions and non-friendly amendments require very heavy votes.

When representatives believe that the draft resolution and amendments are mature for discussion, they can move to end the debate and proceed to a vote. This motion requires two-thirds of the votes cast to pass. After concluding the debate, the committee entered the voting stage on the meeting documents and conducted a "roll call": the Secretary-General called the names one by one in English alphabetical order of the countries, and the countries called responded "for", "against" or "abstained". Voting will be conducted in the order in which draft resolutions are submitted. Each draft resolution must be voted on before its non-friendly amendments are voted on. Both amendments and draft resolutions require two-thirds of the votes to be passed. Once one draft resolution is passed, the remaining draft resolutions will not be voted on. The draft resolution passed will be announced as the outcome of the conference (called a resolution). Once the draft is passed and a resolution is generated, the discussion on this topic ends and the discussion on the next topic begins.

Extended information:

The main contents of the rules of procedure

In international meetings, being good at using the rules of procedure can help you achieve twice the result with half the effort. All representatives participating in United Nations meetings will spare no effort to safeguard the interests of their country, group or organization, but they must act within the rules of procedure and cannot go their own way or do whatever they want.

The rules of procedure of various international organizations and conferences will be different, but they will all include some core contents. These contents include:

1. Organization of meetings

For example, how many meetings are held each year, the time, place and length of the meeting, and whether and under what circumstances special meetings can be held.

2. Agenda of the meeting

Who is responsible for drafting the agenda of the meeting? How long before the meeting starts should it be submitted to all member states. Who has the items that the agenda should include? The right to request modifications, additions to the agenda, agenda items discussed on the agenda of each sub-committee, etc.

3. Representatives and Credentials

Stipulates how many representatives, deputy representatives, consultants a country can send, requirements for credentials, etc.

4. Election of presidium members

Stipulates the composition, authority, term of office, and election of presidium members of the conference. The bureau generally consists of a chairman of the conference, several vice-chairmen, and a rapporteur. In addition, each subcommittee has a rapporteur who is responsible for summarizing the discussions of each subcommittee and reporting to the plenary session. The candidate can be appointed individually or concurrently by a vice chairman.

5. Subsidiary bodies of the meeting

Stipulates the subcommittees and subordinate bodies that can be established by the body during the meeting and when it is not in session.

6. About the Secretariat

Stipulates the composition, responsibilities, authority of the Secretary-General, and requirements for Secretariat staff.

7. Formal Language and Working Language

Stipulate the official language and working language used for meetings, including the interpretation and translation services provided. Official languages ??refer to the languages ??that representatives have the right to use at meetings. The official languages ??of the United Nations are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. English and French are the working languages.

All documents for the meeting must be translated into official languages. All draft resolutions must also be translated into all official languages ??and circulated to participating members within a certain time, otherwise they will not be put to a vote.

A representative of a country can speak at the meeting in any official language. Simultaneous interpretation must translate it into all other official languages. If a representative of a country wants to speak in a language other than an official language, he or she must It is your own responsibility to translate it into one of the official languages. At United Nations meetings, there have been cases where representatives from countries such as Germany and Japan spoke in their mother tongue, and their country provided translators to translate their native language into one of the official languages ??of the United Nations.

The minutes of the meeting are only provided in the working language. If requested by representatives, all or part of the minutes must also be translated into the official language. Meetings sometimes use only the working language during consultations.

8. Open and secret meetings

Stipulate when and under what circumstances public meetings or secret meetings can be held.

9. About meeting minutes

Stipulate who should record the meeting, the legal status, storage and use of the records, etc.

10. Amendment to the Rules of Procedure

Stipulates under what circumstances and through what procedures the Rules of Procedure can be amended, or the application of the Rules of Procedure can be temporarily suspended.

Reference: Model United Nations-Baidu Encyclopedia