In March and April of 1922, under the leadership of the Beijing party organization of the Communist Party of China, a secular movement against imperialism was launched. Participated by Fan Hongjie, Li Dazhao, Gao Junyu and other communists, together with people from all walks of life such as Cai Yuanpei, Liu Fu, Tao Meng and others, they initiated and organized the "Grand Alliance of Non-religious Movements". In their "Initiation Speech", they listed various crimes committed by imperialism by using religion to invade our country, and pointed out: "In order to respect science, eliminate superstition, improve self-confidence, maintain national integrity, oppose imperialist aggression, and strive for self-reliance and self-government, we Decided to launch a non-religious movement. "The Message" requires "anyone who supports this movement please sign and publicize it widely." As a result, more than 200 people participated in the signature initiative, most of which were faculty, staff and students from universities, colleges and secondary schools, as well as a few businessmen and workers.
On May 10, 1922, with the active preparations of Fan Hongjie, Deng Zhongxia and others, and after careful organization and arrangements, the founding meeting of the "Grand Alliance of Non-Religious Movements" was held in the Third Hospital of Peking University. More than five hundred people attended the meeting. Fan Hongjie served as chairman of the conference. At the meeting, he, Li Dazhao, Deng Zhongxia, Huang Rikui and others were elected as officers of the Grand Alliance. After the establishment of the Grand Alliance, branches were established in Shanghai, Hankou, Tianjin, Changsha, Chengdu and other places. Soon the book "On Non-Religion" was published.
The "Grand Alliance of Non-Religious Movements" is a united front organization under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. It has played a positive role in leading the people of Beijing in their anti-imperialist and patriotic struggle. By carrying out various activities, they prompted the thinking of some young people to begin to change, thereby uniting the majority of young people, weakening the power of the church, and forcing some church schools to change the situation of forcing students to worship and prohibiting students from carrying out patriotic movements.
The first Zhili-Fengtian War broke out in 1922. The result of the war was that the Fengjun army retreated to the northeast and the Zhili warlord Wu Peifu won. In order to deceive the people, Wu Peifu proposed "restoring the legal system." Many progressive people in Beijing also believe that people's rights should be expanded. In order to implement the spirit of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China and establish a united front with the Kuomintang and other social organizations, the Beijing party organization decided that Fan Hongjie, Miao Boying, Cai Hesen and others would be responsible for organizing the "Civil Rights Movement Alliance" as a mass group in order to broadly unite and Educate the broad masses of people to fight against imperialism and warlords.
On August 20, 1922, the preparatory meeting of the Civil Rights Movement Alliance was held at Peking University. More than 100 people attended the meeting. Gao Junyu was the interim chairman, and eight people including Fan Hongjie and Miao Boying were selected as preparators, responsible for drafting the charter and preparing for the founding meeting and other matters. After the meeting, Fan Hongjie and other relevant personnel worked intensively day and night. They published the "Notice of the Civil Rights Movement Alliance" in newspapers, contacted the masses everywhere, and received support from some well-known figures in society. On the afternoon of the 24th, the alliance’s founding meeting was held in the auditorium of the Third Hospital of Peking University. More than 400 people attended the conference. The meeting adopted a declaration and brochures, and decided to publish the "Civil Rights Weekly". Fan Hongjie serves as director of the alliance's publicity unit.
In order to carry out a broad civil rights movement and combat reactionary forces’ restrictions on people’s freedoms, the Civil Rights Movement Alliance also launched a campaign to abolish the Public Security Police Law and launched a struggle to expel Peng (Peng Yunyi, the then Director of Education). In its struggle to support and support the Beijing-Hankow Railway strike on February 7, the alliance held an emergency meeting, decided to send a call to the whole country, organized a support meeting for the railway workers' strike, and sent representatives to express condolences to the workers. After the March 18th massacre, the Civil Rights Movement was forced to cease its activities. Fan Hongjie showed his extraordinary organizational talents in the process of participating in and leading this mass group.
The vigorous February 7th strike was bloody suppressed by warlords such as Wu Peifu and Xiao Yaonan. In order to publicize the public and deal with the aftermath, Fan Hongjie, Bao Huiseng, Liu Zitong and others organized people in Beijing to petition the Senate and the House of Representatives, and contacted members Hu Egong, Peng Wuxian, Fan Shuheng (Fan Hongjie's cousin), Bai Yuyu, Wu Kun and others impeached Wu Peifu, Xiao Yaonan and others, and proposed a labor bill to fight for workers' freedom of assembly, association and strike.
In the autumn of the same year, Fan Hongjie complied with the resolution of the Communist Party of China, joined the Kuomintang in his own name, and served in the Kuomintang Beijing Special City Party Headquarters to publicize and implement the party's united front policy.
In March 1924, the Beijing District Committee of the Communist Party of China was reorganized, and Fan Hongjie was elected as an executive member and elected as the chairman of the Beijing District Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China. Soon, Fan Hongjie was sent to work in Shanghai. In the autumn of the same year, Fan Hongjie returned to Beijing from Shanghai and served as director of the Organization Department of the Beijing Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China. According to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Northern District Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China was established at the end of the year. He was elected as a member of the district committee and later served as the Minister of the Organization Department.
The following year, the Communist Party of China established its first party school in Beijing, with two to three hundred students. Luo Yinong presided over the work of the party school. Fan Hongjie, Chen Qionian, Zhao Shiyan, Liu Bozhuang and others served as party school teachers and trained a group of leading leaders for the party and the revolutionary cause.
Fan Hongjie wrote a large number of articles under the pen names of Mingting, Yanting, Datong, etc. in the "Political Life", the official publication of the Northern District Committee of the Communist Party of China. His articles are vivid and easy to understand. The main contents are, first, a call to oppose imperialism and feudalism. He profoundly clarified the relationship between imperialism and colonies, pointing out that "imperialism can never be maintained without colonies." He listed the crimes committed by imperialists in invading China and called on the people to take the road of revolution. When people across the country were supporting the May 30 anti-imperialist patriotic movement that broke out in Shanghai, he wrote the article "Rise up and overthrow the evil Japanese imperialism" to vigorously promote the anti-imperialist struggle spirit of the Beijing people. The second is to elaborate on the program, principles and policies of the Communist Party of China from different angles. In order to cooperate with the "National Assembly Movement" led by the party, he effectively refuted and criticized the reactionary views of the Kuomintang right wing in his articles. The third is to enthusiastically introduce the successful experience of the October Revolution. Thanks to the efforts of Fan Hongjie, Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan and others, "Political Life" played a huge role in guiding the flourishing northern people's revolutionary struggle.
Fan Hongjie united with Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan, Chen Qionian and others to lead the revolutionary struggle in the vast northern region stretching from the three eastern provinces in the east, to northern Shaanxi in the west, to Shandong and Henan in the south, and to Inner Mongolia in the north. Fan Hongjie was a student of Li Dazhao. With Li Dazhao's help, he became a staunch communist. From the establishment of the Marx Theory Research Society until his heroic sacrifice in 1927, they were not only teachers and students, but also revolutionary comrades and close comrades-in-arms. He is the main leader who has followed and assisted Li Dazhao in the north for a long time. Fan Hongjie has a high degree of organizational principles and obeys organizational arrangements. Within the party, he has engaged in many aspects of work such as finance, publicity, and organization. After long-term training and testing, he proved to be Li Dazhao's outstanding student and right-hand man.
On May 30, 1925, imperialism carried out a bloody massacre in Shanghai, known in history as the "May 30th Massacre." When the news reached Beijing, Li Dazhao, Chen Qionian, Fan Hongjie, Zhao Shiyan and other district party committee members immediately mobilized party organizations at all levels to quickly organize people from all walks of life in Beijing under the unified goal of opposing imperialism. Students organized the "Shanghai case revenge meeting" and the workers organized the "workers revenge meeting". Under the leadership of the district party committee, three consecutive demonstrations of unprecedented scale were held on June 3, 10 and 25. Sweeping away the dull air of ancient Beijing under counterrevolutionary rule, the anti-imperialist wave swept every corner of Beijing.
After the May 30th Movement, the Fengcian warlords, adhering to the will of Japanese and British imperialism, oppressed the national revolutionary movement everywhere, massacred workers and peasants, closed popular groups, and deprived the people of their freedom. The Japanese and British imperialists also assisted the warlord Wu Peifu with large quantities of ordnance and attacked the National Revolutionary Army from the south. This unscrupulous act of aggression by imperialism has aroused great anger among the Chinese people. Amid the nationwide anti-Japanese, British, and anti-Zhang and Wu rages, Li Dazhao, Fan Hongjie, Chen Qiaonian, Zhao Shiyan and other leading members of the district committee led the people in the north to hold three consecutive large-scale "anti-Japanese and Zhang" national demonstrations in Tiananmen Square. The National Congress of "Anti-British and Conquer Wu" with more than 40,000 people was held, which effectively promoted the development of the mass movement in Beijing.
In 1926, Fan Hongjie, as a representative of the Beijing Special City Party Headquarters of the Kuomintang, participated in the Second National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang held in Guangzhou. At the meeting, he was elected as a member of the "Propaganda Report Review Committee". When discussing the terms of cooperation with the Kuomintang in the "Draft Resolution on the General Report of the Central Party Affairs", he and Mao Zedong and others always insisted on the independence of the Communist Party from the Kuomintang. independence and revolutionary nature, and opposed the destructive proposal to disclose the identity of the Communist Party organization and party members. During the discussion at the conference on the afternoon of January 18, he made an impassioned speech and clearly pointed out: "Comrades in the Communist Party bear the burden of two revolutions, and there are other secret organizations. Now we can only combine the revolutionary forces to implement the national Revolution, the Communist Party has the same purpose." "Just ask him whether he will implement the national revolution, and don't ask about anything else. Just ask whether he should cooperate under this policy, and there is no need to know the details of the Communist Party. "How many party members there are and how they operate actually puts Communist comrades in a dangerous position", upholding the principle of the independence of the Communist Party in the cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of China.
In early March, Japanese imperialist warships broke into Dagukou and bombarded the Dagukou fort. The National Army was forced to fire back, but the imperialists such as Britain, the United States, Japan, Germany, and France issued an ultimatum, requiring the Duan Qirui government to dismantle its defense facilities. The shameless acts of imperialism aroused great anger among the people across the country. On March 14, 1926, an anti-Japanese rally attended by 300,000 people was held in Beijing. On the 17th, representatives from various schools and groups in Beijing held an emergency meeting and decided to convene the National Assembly in front of Tiananmen Square on the 18th. After the meeting, they were divided into two groups and petitioned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Council respectively. Li Dazhao led Fan Hongjie and more than 100 people to the State Council to meet Duan Qirui and State Prime Minister Jia Deyao. The guards were not allowed to enter and stabbed many people with bayonets, arousing the anger of the masses. On the 18th, more than 100,000 people in Beijing gathered in Tiananmen Square. Under the command of Li Dazhao, Fan Hongjie and others, they denounced the crimes of the reactionaries and petitioned the authorities again. Duan Qirui's military police suddenly opened fire and massacred the unarmed people. For a moment, blood flowed everywhere, and it was too horrible to see. Fan Hongjie was seriously injured in this tragedy. Immediately, regardless of his pain, Fan Hongjie, Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan, and Liu Bozhuang held a joint meeting of party and youth league branch secretaries at Peking University overnight to convey the district party committee's decision, and separately mobilized the masses to hold a massive rally for the students and people who died in the petition struggle. memorial service and solemn funeral.
After the March 18th massacre, the political situation in the north further deteriorated. The reactionary Duan Qirui government issued arrest warrants for Li Dazhao, Fan Hongjie and others. At the end of March 1926, in order to preserve the effective force of the revolution, the party organization transformed the past open form of struggle into a secret underground form of struggle. For safety reasons, the offices of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were moved into the Soviet Embassy, ??and Fan Hongjie also moved in with him. At the end of April, Fengjun occupied the Beijing-Tianjin area, and his reactionary arrogance became even more arrogant. He openly closed down the Beijing News and shot to death Shao Piaoping, a progressive journalist and the president of the Beijing News. In August, Lin Baishui, the president of Social Daily, was killed on the charge of "propaganda of redness". The reactionary warlords tightened surveillance on the organs of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. They arrested government officials arbitrarily. This will create many difficulties for comrades working in the government agencies. Under difficult conditions, Fan Hongjie and others always maintained high morale and revolutionary optimism. Once, while cutting vegetables, Fan Hongjie accidentally cut a layer of skin on his index finger with a knife, and bright red blood dripped onto the vegetable leaves. Li Dazhao said wittily on the side: "That's good, we are eating less meat, let's eat some meat today!" The harsh environment and difficult conditions did not shake the will of the revolutionaries at all.
In order to strengthen the central organizational structure, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has successively transferred cadres from the Beijing area. The main responsible comrades of the district committee, Zhao Shiyan and Chen Qionian, have successively gone to the south to work. In early 1927, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China transferred Fan Hongjie to work in Wuhan. But he saw the difficult situation in the north and believed that the north needed him more. After repeated requests, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved him to return to Beijing and continue to assist Li Dazhao in leading the revolutionary mass movement.
On April 6 of the same year, the reactionary warlord Zhang Zuolin ignored international practice and went to the embassy area to hunt down revolutionaries. At first, Fan Hongjie hid in the embassy's greenhouse without the enemy noticing.
In the afternoon, he was unfortunately discovered by the gangsters and was arrested after a fight. When he was taken to the police station, he was covered in blood and mud, and his clothes were in tatters, making it difficult for his comrades to recognize him. In prison, he was unyielding and showed the noble character of a revolutionary. On April 28, early revolutionary activists of the Communist Party of China, participants and organizers of the May 4th Movement, and organizers of the early workers' movement in Beijing, including Fan Hongjie and Li Dazhao, walked to the execution ground with great righteousness and contributed to the cause of liberation of the Chinese people. Used the last drop of blood.