1443 On May 3rd1day, Margaret was born in bledsoe Castle in Bedfordshire. She later asked Westminster Abbey to celebrate her birthday on May 3 1, so there is no doubt about her birthday, but there is doubt about her date of birth. /kloc-William Daddell, an archaeologist in the 0/7th century, thinks that she was born in 144 1. This theory is based on some investigations made by Margaret's father John when he died, and it has also been supported by many people who preached to Margaret. But it is more likely that she was born in 1443, because in May this year, John consulted with the king about the custody of his "unborn child" once killed in battle.
Margaret was the daughter of John beaufort, the first Duke of Somerset, and Margaret Beauchamp of bledsoe. When she was born, John was preparing to go to France for an important military action for King Henry VI of England. John discussed with the king that once he was killed in battle, only his wife could decide Margaret's custody and marriage. But when he came back from France, John fell out with the king, was expelled from the court, and was accused of treason. Soon, John passed away. Thomas Bassin believed that he died of illness, while the chronicle of Krauland said that he committed suicide. Margaret, as John's only son, became the heir to his property.
On Margaret's first birthday, the king broke the contract and awarded custody to William Della Bohr, Duke of Suffolk, although Margaret was still with her mother. When John died, Margaret's mother was still pregnant, but the child did not survive, making Margaret the only heir to John. Although Margaret is the only child of her father, she has two half brothers and three half sisters, all of whom were born by her mother in her first marriage. After Margaret's son became king, her brothers and sisters got her support.
First marriage
Margaret is engaged to Suffolk's son John. They got married from1October 28th to February 7th. 1450+65438. On August 18 of the same year, Margaret, a close relative of the Pope, married John. Three years later, the marriage broke up, and Henry VI handed over the custody of Margaret to her half brothers Jasper Tudor and Edmund Tudor.
Margaret never admitted her first marriage. In her 1472 will, Edmund Tudor was called her first husband. According to church law, Margaret is not bound by this engagement because she is still under 12 years old.
remarriage
Even before Margaret's first marriage was declared invalid, Henry VI decided to make Margaret the bride of his half-brother Edmund Tudor (the first Earl of Richmond). Edmund is the eldest son born to Owen Tudor by the widowed Queen Mother Catherine.
1 455165438+1October1,Margaret married Edmund at the age of 12. At that time, wars of the roses just broke out; Less than a year after their marriage, Edmund, who supported Lancaster, was captured by the York Army. He died in prison the following year. 1 1. At this time, 13-year-old widow Margaret was still seven months pregnant. 1On October 28th, Margaret gave birth to her only child, henry vii, at Pembroke Castle. Because Margaret was young and petite, the delivery was very difficult, and the mother and son almost died.
Margaret and her son lived in pembroke until Yorkshire School won the Civil War in 146 1. Margaret's mother-child relationship is very special: when Henry was a child, Margaret hardly saw him again; Henry lived in Wales with his father and family since he was 2 years old, and went into exile in France after 14. During this period, the contact between mother and son was maintained through correspondence and several visits.
Because Edmund is the father of Margaret's only child, she has always respected Edmund's name and memory. After Edmund's death 1472 16, she proposed to be buried next to Edmund in her will, although she had a long, stable and close marriage with her third husband, Henry Stafford, until Stafford died in 147 1. Margaret never gave birth to her later husband. 13 years old dystocia made her infertile.
The third marriage
1462 65438+1On October 3rd, Margaret married Henry Stafford, the son of Humphrey Stafford, the first Duke of Buckingham (147 1). They are also close relatives, but on April 6th, they got special permission to get married. During this marriage, Margaret established a long-term and harmonious relationship with her husband. The couple got a property worth 400 marks provided by Buckingham, but Margaret's main source of income is still her own property, so that the couple can enjoy the aristocratic life. As mentioned above, they have no children.
147 1 year, Margaret was widowed again.
The fourth marriage
1472 In June, Margaret married Thomas Stanley, the then head of the royal family and king of the Isle of Man. At first, it was only a temporary marriage. Modern historians point out that Margaret never considered herself a member of the Stanley family.
Margaret and the English widow Elizabeth Woodville's Edward IV of England conspired against Richard, Elizabeth's two sons, known as the "Prince of the Tower", who were thought to have been murdered. Margaret's husband Thomas secretly opposed Richard because his eldest son, Lord strange George, was detained by Richard. Margaret arranged her son's engagement to Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV of England, England, and strengthened her son's right to inherit the throne.
1485 After the Battle of Bosworth Plain, Thomas Stanley personally put the crown on the stepson of King henry vii of England. Later, he was made Earl of Derby and Margaret became Countess of Derby, but her title was "Richmond and Countess of Derby".
In the latter part of this marriage, Margaret tended to live alone. 1499, with her husband's permission, she swore chastity in front of London Bishop Richard Fitzjames. It is not common for married people to swear chastity, but there are precedents. Margaret Kemp swore chastity after consulting with her husband around 14 13. Margaret left her husband and lived alone in Colliweston. Her husband visits her regularly, and she has reserved a room for him. 1504, she swore chastity again.
Edit this paragraph to become the Queen Mother.
When her son ascended the throne in Bosworth Plain, Margaret was called "the king's mother's wife" by the court. She has gained an independent position in law and society that other married women can't. Henry vii's first parliament recognized her right to own an independent manor independent of her husband, just as if she were single.
Henry vii married Elizabeth of York as queen. Margaret doesn't want to live under the rule of the widowed Elizabeth Woodville or even her daughter-in-law Queen Elizabeth. She wears a robe of the same texture as the queen and usually walks only half a step behind her.
Since the 1960s, Margaret has signed a contract with "M. Richmond". 1499, she changed her signature to "Margaret R", probably to show her authority as a member of the royal family (R may be the abbreviation of Queen Regina in Latin, or it may be the abbreviation of Richmond), and added "Etmater Henri Septimiregis? et Hiberni？” (meaning "and the mother of King henry vii of England and Ireland").
Many historians believe that henry vii expelled her mother-in-law Elizabeth Woodville from the court in 1487, partly because of Margaret's orders. Margaret is famous for her education and piety, and henry vii serves her wholeheartedly. 1509 On April 2 1 day, henry vii died, leaving his mother as the chief executor of the will. Margaret arranged the funeral of her son and the coronation of her grandson. Previously, she had become the highest-ranking woman in the royal family.
After henry vii's death, Margaret became the Regent of Henry VIII, who was too young to govern independently.
However, Margaret's regency was short. She died in the parish of Westminster Abbey on June 29th that year, the day before, her grandson Henry VIII had just celebrated his 18 birthday. Her death was only over two months before her son's death. She was buried in the black marble tomb of Notre Dame de henry vii in Westminster Abbey, which was inlaid with bronze figures and covered with a roof, between the tombs of William III and Mary Ⅱ and the tomb of Mary, Queen of Scots.
1497, Margaret said that she would build a free school for Wimbledon in Dorset. After her death, she founded Wimbledon Grammar School, which is now Queen Elizabeth School.
1502, Margaret established Margaret Professor of Theology at Cambridge University.
1505, Margaret rebuilt and expanded the chapel of Christian College of Cambridge University with the permission of the royal family of henry vii. Since then, she has been hailed as the founder of Christian College, and her signature has been engraved on a building of Christian College. 15 1 1 year, St. John's College of Cambridge University was established under the sponsorship of Margaret Real Estate, either by her direct order or at the suggestion of the housekeeper. The portrait of Margaret hangs in the lobby of St. John's College, and the rowing club of St. John's College has also become the "Lady Margaret Rowing Club" (LMBC for short).
Margaret Hall, the first women's college in Oxford University, was also named after Margaret.
Margaret also funded the reconstruction of castles and church towers in Matocq.
Unmarried: Lady Margaret Beaufort's First Marriage and Second Marriage: Countess Richmond
Second marriage: also known as Mrs Stafford.
Third Marriage: Richmond and Countess Derby.
Henry vii: My mistress, the king's mother.
Margaret is the granddaughter of John beaufort, the first Earl of Somerset, the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, the first Duke of Lancaster, and his mistress Catherine Swineford, the fourth granddaughter of King Edward III.
After John of Gaunt and Katrina got married, their children (beaufort family) were legalized, but the legalization condition was that their descendants could not inherit the throne. After henry vii, the monarchs of Britain and even the whole Britain were descended from John of Gaunt and Catherine Swineford, but henry vii took the throne by force rather than inheritance.