Xu Beihong (1895— 1953), a native of Yixing, Jiangsu, was originally named Shou Kang.

One of the founders of modern art in China, an outstanding painter and art educator.

Xu Beihong's father is a famous painter.

I inherited my family studies from childhood and studied China's ink painting.

19 18 was hired by Cai Yuanpei as the tutor of Peking University Painting Research Association. 19 19 studied in France and then transferred to Berlin.

Belgium studied sketch and oil painting.

Learn painting and sketching, and observe and study western art.

From 65438 to 0927, he returned to China, and successively served as director of the Fine Arts Department of Shanghai Nanguo Art Institute, professor of the Art Department of Central University, and dean of Peking University Art Institute.

Dean of Beiping Art Institute.

After the founding of New China, he served as the chairman of the first All-China Artists Association and the president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts.

Xu Beihong adhered to the realistic art road and created a series of outstanding works which had a great influence on the development of modern painting and oil painting in China, such as Tian Heng 500 Scholars, Nine Square Heights, Ba People Pumping Water, and Gong Yu Yishan.

It has played a great role in the art history of China.

Chronology of Xu Beihong's life:

1895 (the 21st year of Guangxu) 1 year.

July 19, born in Qiaoting Town, Yixing County, Jiangsu Province (qǐ).

Father Xu is a teacher in a private school, good at poetry and painting.

Mother Lu is doing housework.

Xu Beihong is the eldest son of this family, formerly known as Shou Kang.

190 1 year (in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu) 6 years old.

Know the text from my father and break the sentences.

1902 (Renyin in the 28th year of Guangxu) is 7 years old.

I started writing books, every day.

Full of interest.

1904 (30th year of Guangxu) 9 years old.

I have finished reading Poems, Books, The Book of Changes, The Book of Rites, Zuo Zhuan and other books.

I formally studied painting with my father, copied a painting by Wu Youru, a famous painter in the late Qing Dynasty, every day, and began to learn painting skills such as color mixing and setting.

1905 (thirty-one year of Guangxu) 10 years old.

Help my father fill in the colors on unimportant pictures.

At the end of the year, I can help villagers write Spring Festival couplets.

1908 (Wushen in the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu) 13 years old.

I followed my father to a neighboring country town and made a living by selling paintings.

19 12 (the first year of the Republic of China) 17 years old.

A person went to Shanghai to sell paintings and wanted to take the opportunity to learn western paintings.

To improve their painting level.

19 14 (Jiayin in the third year of the Republic of China) 19 years old.

My father passed away.

In order to support his family, he returned to his hometown and began to work as a painting teacher in Pengcheng Middle School. At the same time, he teaches painting in Shi Qi Girls' School and Yixing Girls' School.

19 15 (four years of the Republic of China) 20 years old.

Then go to Shanghai.

With the help of Huang Jingren and Huang Zhenzhi, he studied French and German.

Know Zhou Xiang, Zhou Xiang, Zhou Xiang, Zhou Xiang and Zhou Xiang.

19 16 (Chen Bing in five years of the Republic of China) 2 1 year.

He was admitted to Aurora University sponsored by the French Catholic Church.

He created a portrait of Cang Xie for Hatton Garden, a Jew, and received a high salary.

Getting to know Kang Youwei, the leader of the Reformists, was deeply influenced by Kang in painting and calligraphy.

19 17 (Ding Si in the sixth year of the Republic of China) is 22 years old.

Go to Tokyo, Japan to study art.

After returning to China, he was invited by Cai Yuanpei to be the tutor of Peking University Painting Research Association.

Meet the famous scholar Chen Shiceng.

19 18 (seven years of the Republic of China) 23 years old.

Strive for the opportunity to study in France.

Meet Lu Xun.

19 19 (8 years of the Republic of China) 24 years old.

In March, I took my wife Jiang Biwei to study in France.

Arrived in Paris in May and went to Xu Liang Painting Academy for further study.

After that, he was admitted to the Paris School of Fine Arts, where he studied under Mr. Fleming and received formal education in western painting.

1920 (Geng Shen in 9 years of the Republic of China) is 25 years old.

Learn from the famous French painter Dayang.

192 1 year (ten years of the Republic of China) 26 years old.

Leave Paris and move to Berlin, Germany, where the economy is depressed.

Learn from the painter CommScope.

1922 (11th year of the Republic of Ren Xu) was 27 years old.

While studying in CommScope, I went to the museum to copy the paintings of the famous painter Rembrandt.

And often go to the zoo to draw all kinds of animals to improve the ability of sketching.

1923 (in the 12th year of the Republic of China) is 28 years old.

Go back to Paris, France to continue studying.

In May, the work "The Old Woman" was selected for the French National Art Exhibition (Salon).

1924 (Jiazi in 13th year of the Republic of China) is 29 years old.

It's embarrassing that I didn't receive tuition from Beiyang government.

The stomach trouble has recurred.

Painting techniques are becoming more and more mature.

1925 (Republic of China 14 years) 30 years old.

Accompanied by Huang Menggui who was traveling in France, he returned to China via Singapore.

Tian Han held an "ice party" in Shanghai to introduce and recommend Xu and his works to cultural circles.

1926 (bingyin in the 15th year of the Republic of China) 3 1 year.

Go back to France in spring.

In the summer, I went to Brussels, the capital of Belgium, where I copied the "Abundance" by the master artist Jostan and benefited a lot.

Self-awareness is the most creative year, and there are many works to be proud of, such as the oil painting Xiao's Voice and Sleep.

1927 (Ding Mao, Republic of China 16) 32 years old.

He has been to Switzerland and Italy, Milan and Florence.

I saw many famous paintings in Rome and other places.

In May, nine of his works were exhibited at the French National Art Exhibition.

In autumn, he arrived in Shanghai and became a professor in the Art Department of the Fourth National Sun Yat-sen University (later renamed Central University).

1928 (Chen Wu, seventeen years of the Republic of China) was thirty-three years old.

65438+ 10 month, and Tian Han,

Ou Yangyuqian organized the "Southland Society".

South China Art Institute was established in Shanghai, and served as the head of the painting department.

In February, at the invitation of Nanjing Central University, he was appointed as a professor of art department.

10 In June, he served as Dean of the School of Art of Beiping University and resigned at the end of the year.

1929 (Republic of China 18 years) 34 years old.

Full-time teaching in Nanjing Central University.

He published articles such as "Puzzlement and Puzzlement" at the first national art exhibition, criticizing the modern formalism art school in European art circles and its influence on China.

Advocate realism and innovation in painting.

1930 (Wu Geng, Republic of China 19) is 35 years old.

Finish the oil painting "Tian Heng 500".

I visited Fan Zhenhua, a folk woodcarving artist, in Nanchang, Jiangxi in summer.

193 1 year (20 years in Weshin Republic) 36 years old.

He held a solo exhibition in Brussels, Belgium in the spring.

Finish the seventh draft of the nine-square draft.

1932 (21 years in the Republic of China) 37 years old.

On the basis of referring to the "six methods" theory of Chinese painting put forward by Sheikh in Southern Qi Dynasty, according to the artistic laws of western painting, this paper puts forward the "seven methods" that sketch creation should follow.

1933 (22 years of the Republic of China) 38 years old.

Finish the oil painting "After Me".

At the invitation of the French National Gallery, he went to Paris to hold a modern exhibition of China.

1934 (23rd year of the Republic of JOE) 39 years old.

Travel to Venice, Florence, Italy,

Historical and cultural cities such as Rome.

China Modern Art Exhibition was held in Berlin, Moscow, Leningrad and other places to promote traditional China painting.

During this trip to Europe, seven exhibitions were held in France, Belgium, Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union, and four "China Modern Art Rooms" were set up in major museums and universities.

This tour of China's modern painting in Europe has attracted the attention of all countries and publicized the painting art of China.

In August, I returned to Nanjing.

1935 (yihai, 24 years of the Republic of China) is 40 years old.

Donate works and collections, and plan to build an art museum under Du Xiufeng in Guilin, Guangxi.

Due to the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, it was not realized.

1936 (25 years of the Republic of China) 4 1 year

Organize painting meetings with Yan, Yan and others.

Create paintings such as Against the Wind, Pondering, and Willow Magpie.

1937 (Ding Chou in the 26th year of the Republic of China) is 42 years old.

In Hong Kong, Guangzhou,

Hold art exhibitions in Changsha and other places.

In Hong Kong, I bought the immortal picture painted by the Song people in 1987 as my own life.

June 5438+10, moved to Chongqing with Central University.

Create "Ba People Draw Water".

1938 (Wuyin, 27 years of the Republic of China) is 43 years old.

Continue to teach in the Art Department of Central University.

Accept the invitation of Tagore, a famous Indian poet, and prepare to hold an exhibition in India.

10, leaving Chongqing with a large number of works.

1939 (28 years of the Republic of China) 44 years old.

Hold a charity exhibition in Singapore.

China Modern Art Exhibition was held in Indian International University.

1940 (29th year of the Republic of Chen Geng), 45 years old.

He stayed in India and forged a deep friendship with Tagore.

An exhibition of works was held in Calcutta.

Complete the Chinese painting "Yu Gong Yi Shan".

194 1 year (Xin Si in the 30th year of the Republic of China) 46 years old.

Coming back from India, passing through Penang,

Ipoh,

Held exhibitions in Kuala Lumpur and other places, and donated nearly $654.38 million+from the sales of paintings in recent years to the anti-Japanese war and disaster relief.

1942 (Renwu, 31 years of the Republic of China) is 47 years old.

Hold art exhibitions in Baoshan and Kunming, Yunnan.

I went to Chongqing and continued to teach in the Art Department of Central University.

China Academy of Fine Arts was established in Panxi, Chongqing.

1943 (32 years of the Republic of China) 48 years old

Continue to preside over the preparation of China Academy of Fine Arts.

Hold an art exhibition in Chongqing.

1944 (33 years of the Republic of Shen Jia) 49 years old.

Suffering from severe hypertension and chronic nephritis due to long-term fatigue,

After seven months of treatment in the central hospital, his works declined sharply.

1945 (34 years of the Republic of China) 50 years old.

Divorced from Ms. Jiang Biwei.

After a serious illness, he still insisted on teaching in the art department of Central University.

Signed by Guo Moruo, he advocated abolishing the one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang.

1946 (35 years of the Republic of China) 5 1 year.

In June+10, 65438, I married Ms. Liao.

As the president of Beiping Art College, he recruited a group of talented progressive artists such as Wu Zuoren, Li Hua, Ye, and so on to teach.

Honorary Chairman of Beiping Artists Association.

1947 (Ding Hai in 36 years of the Republic of China) is 52 years old.

He has published important articles such as Steps of Establishing New Chinese Painting and Current Artistic Problems in China.

1948 (Wu Zi in 37 years of the Republic of China) is 53 years old.

Liao and his wife refused to move south with the Kuomintang and joined forces with all the teachers and students of Beiping Art College to defend the school.

Together with Wu Zuoren, Ai Zhongxin, Dong,, and others, a comprehensive art group "127 Art Society" was established.

1949 (ugly in 38 years of the Republic of China) 54 years old

Attended the first World Congress for the Defence of Peace held in Prague, the former capital of Czechoslovakia, and the National Congress of Literary and Art Workers of China.

He was elected as a member of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, a member of the Standing Committee of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, a representative of the first China People's Political Consultative Conference, and a member of the Beijing Municipal Political Consultative Conference.

Dean of the Central Academy of Fine Arts.

1950 (Geng yin) 55 years old

Portraits of war heroes at the National Congress of War Heroes and Model Workers.

He drew many sketches and compositions for the creation of Chairman Mao among the People.

195 1 year (xinmao) 56 years old

Experience life at the site of Quanyi Water Conservancy Project in Daoshu, Shandong Province, and be a model worker.

Portraits of migrant workers, collecting information reflecting the construction of new China.

July cerebral hemorrhage, hemiplegia.

1952 (Ren Chen) 57 years old.

I have been in bed for more than a year, and the symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage have not been completely eliminated.

From September, strengthen physical exercise.

1953 (your company) 58 years old.

Instruct the teaching work of the Central Academy of Fine Arts when you are sick, and give lectures to students who have finished classes.

Give lessons to the teacher's oil painting and sketch training group.

Draw a "galloping horse" for the volunteers to resist US aggression and aid Korea.

On September 23, he served as the executive chairman of the second literary congress, and his cerebral hemorrhage recurred.

On the morning of 26th, he died in Beijing Hospital.

Premier Zhou Enlai went to offer condolences.

Buried in Babaoshan Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery in Beijing.

Xu Beihong's Art Road;

It is difficult to learn painting from an early age.

There is a river called Tanghe in Yixing County, Jiangsu Province.

There is a stone arch bridge on the river.

Xu Beihong was born in a civilian family in Qitingqiao Town on July 1895. His original name was Shou Kang, and later he was renamed "Beihong".

Father Xu is a teacher in a private school. Good at poetry and calligraphy, self-taught painting. He often paints at the invitation of his fellow villagers to earn a little money to supplement his family.

Mother Lu is a simple working woman.

When Xu Beihong was 9 years old, he formally studied painting with his father. Every day after lunch, he copied a painting by Wu Youru, a famous painter in the late Qing Dynasty.

Learn to color,

Painting skills such as coloring.

/kloc-at the age of 0/0, he has been able to help his father make up the minor part of the picture and write Spring Festival couplets such as "Peace through the year and Happy Birthday" for the villagers.

13 years old, moved to rural towns with his father, selling paintings for a living and supporting his family.

Although the life away from home is hard, it enriches Xu Beihong's experience and broadens his artistic vision.

/kloc-at the age of 0/7, Xu Beihong went to Shanghai, the most developed city at that time, to make a living by selling paintings, and wanted to take the opportunity to learn western paintings. However, a few months later, my father was seriously ill and had to go back to his hometown.

The ambitious Xu Beihong came to Shanghai again at the age of 20 and started a new life.

With the help of friends, he was admitted to Aurora University sponsored by the French Catholic Church, which laid a certain French foundation for studying in France in the future.

During this period, I got to know Zhou Xiang, a famous oil painter, and Gao, a representative of Lingnan School of Painting, and got their praise and guidance for his painting.

Enhance the confidence of painting creation.

He also met Kang Youwei, the leader of the Reformists, and established his own creative ideas under his influence.

Under the influence of Kang's artistic concept of "despising the four kings and praising the Song Dynasty", he belittled the "four kings" who only emphasized pen and ink but did not seek novelty, thinking that there was only Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty.

The realistic paintings of Yan, Yan and Huang in the Five Dynasties, Li Cheng and Fan Kuan in the Northern Song Dynasty are extensive and profound.

With the support of Kang Youwei, he observed the development of various famous monuments in ancient times and devoted himself to copying Stone Valley, Yanlong Monument, Zhangmenglong Monument and Shimen inscription, which won the essence of the North Monument.

Calligraphy can grow.

Later, he was sponsored to study art in Tokyo, Japan. In Japan, Xu Beihong enjoyed a large number of treasures and masterpieces collected by the public and private, and deeply felt that Japanese painters could understand creation.

The creation is realistic, but it lacks the Mo Yun style of China's literati painting and has no simple meaning.

After returning from Japan, Xu Beihong was hired as the tutor of "Painting Research Association" in Peking University.

During my stay in Beijing, I got to know Cai Yuanpei, Chen Shiceng, Mei Lanfang, Lu Xun and other celebrities from all walks of life, and was deeply influenced by the ideological trend of the New Culture Movement.

Established the concept of democracy and science.

Study in Europe should be diligent.

With the support of Beiyang government,

24-year-old Xu Beihong went to France to study painting.

At the beginning of his arrival in Europe, he visited the British Museum, the National Gallery, the exhibition of the Royal Academy of Art and the Louvre Art Museum.

I have witnessed a large number of excellent works since the Renaissance.

Xu Beihong deeply felt that his Chinese paintings in the past were "clumsy and unable to move the rope, like a horse without a reins."

"So, he studied painting hard, was admitted to the Paris School of Fine Arts, studied under Mr. Fleming, and began to receive formal education in western painting.

Fleming is good at figure painting with historical themes. His paintings pay attention to the harmonious collocation and contrast of colors, which has a great influence on the formation of Xu Beihong's oil painting style later.

Xu Beihong tirelessly trains the basic skills of western painting every day and attends the Paris Academy of Fine Arts in the morning.

Go to Syrion College to draw a model in the afternoon.

Sometimes I take time to watch various exhibitions.

During this period, he was lucky enough to meet Dayang, a disciple of the famous painter Crowe, and came to Yang's studio for advice with his paintings every Sunday.

The artistic thought of "not advocating fashion and not being satisfied with small things" and the emphasis on silent painting had a great influence on him, which made him fail to follow the increasingly prosperous modernist painting style in France at that time.

Instead, we should study the academic art since the European Renaissance in a down-to-earth manner, and inherit the rigorous and perfect modeling characteristics of classical art,

Mastered the skillful painting skills.

After studying abroad for four years, Xu Beihong's painting level has reached the same level as that of contemporary artists in Europe, and the oil painting "The Old Lady" was selected for the French National Art Exhibition (Salon).

Because the Beiyang government once interrupted tuition fees, Xu Beihong was forced to transfer to Berlin, Germany, where the consumption level was low.

There, Xu Beihong still missed every opportunity to study.

He consulted the painter CommScope, went to the museum to copy the paintings of the famous painter Rembrandt, and often went to the zoo to paint animals such as lions, tigers and horses.

To improve their sketching ability.

When Xu Beihong regained the funds for studying abroad, he immediately returned to France from Germany to continue his studies.

He seized every inch of time, and with the regular and systematic training of famous teachers and his unremitting efforts, his painting level improved day by day.

Create a series of portraits,

Excellent sketches and oil paintings with the theme of human body and landscape, such as Portrait of Cat, Sticking Old Man, Self-portrait, etc.

Xu Beihong also visited Brussels, the capital of Belgium, in the final stage of his trip to Europe.

Milan, Florence, Italy,

Rome and Switzerland.

He was intoxicated by the beautiful exotic scenery and benefited a lot from the excellent works of European painting masters.

His eight-year career in Europe shaped his aesthetic taste, creative ideas and artistic style for the rest of his life.

Integrating Chinese and Western Famous Paintings with Science and Technology

Xu Beihong returned home at the age of 32.

I began to devote myself to art education in China.

Develop your own artistic career.

Participate in the "Southland Society" organized by Tian Han and actively advocate the "Southland Spirit" of "seeking beauty first, being kind and seeking truth later".

He has created large-scale paintings with historical or ancient fables as themes. From these paintings, the audience can strongly feel the painter's sincere feelings of loving the motherland and the people.

193 1 At a time when Japan's invasion of China is getting worse and worse and the nation is in danger, Xu Beihong created a Chinese painting "Nine Square Heights" that hopes the state will pay attention to and recruit talents; 1933 created the oil painting "Worry for Me Later" to express the people's longing for a virtuous gentleman.

1940, the Chinese painting "Yugong Yishan" was completed, which praised the perseverance and tenacious will of the people of China to win the final victory against Japan.

In addition, he also created realistic themes such as Ba People Pumping Water and Ba Poor Women, landscape themes such as Spring Rain in Lijiang River and Paradise Returning to the Mountain, as well as a large number of portraits and animal works.

1949 after the founding of new China, Xu Beihong worked as a government official and administrator. He continued to write enthusiastically and describe the new people in the construction of new China.

New things, new look.

He painted portraits of war heroes, experienced life at Daoshu Water Conservancy Project site in Shandong Province, painted portraits of model workers and migrant workers, and collected bits and pieces of information reflecting the construction of new China.

Unfortunately, all these artistic activities came to an abrupt end because of the painter's premature death.

Xu Beihong's works, whether oil paintings, Chinese paintings or sketches, occupy an important position in the history of modern art in China.

His greatest achievement in oil painting is to combine the light and color expression of impressionism with the rigorous and perfect modeling of classicism.

Among the early oil painters in China, Xu Beihong was the first outstanding painter.

In sketching, Xu Beihong has made outstanding achievements.

His sketch is not only the exercise of painting training, but also lays a solid foundation for his Chinese painting and oil painting creation, and it is also a work of art with appreciation and research value.

He only drew more than 1000 human sketches in his life.

Xu Beihong's attainments in Chinese painting are also profound.

He is an artistic practitioner of Chinese painting innovation. On the basis of inheriting traditional painting, he was the first to integrate the techniques of European classical realism into Chinese painting creation.

Created a new Chinese painting with a sense of the times.

Taking the famous painter's horse paintings as an example, we can not only appreciate the beauty of line modeling and pen and ink in China's traditional paintings,

You can also observe the local decent shape and light and shadow of the object.

With his genius, wisdom, perseverance and lifelong efforts,

He has become one of the few masters in China's modern painting who can fully master the techniques of eastern and western painting.

It was created in 1938, when the Japanese invaders occupied most of China.

Xu Beihong's resentment is unbearable because he lost his country and died.

The wounded lion he painted, looking back, is of infinite significance.

He wrote an inscription on the painting: "On the occasion of Kong Ji's national disaster, I stayed with Mr. Lin Ruo in Chongqing as a token of my heart.

"Expressed the author's patriotic thought.

This is a masterpiece of realism and romanticism.

China is known as the "sleeping lion" in the East, but now most of northeast China is occupied by Japanese imperialism, and the "sleeping lion" has become a wounded lion.

The injured lion glared and looked unbearable, ready to fight and struggle, which contained strength and fortitude.