I. Guiding ideology
Safety technical measures are an important part of construction organization design (or scheme), a guiding document for safety production in engineering construction, and a basis for safety technical disclosure and safety inspection and acceptance. In engineering construction, targeted measures should be formulated in terms of protection, technology and management according to the characteristics, construction methods, labor organization, working environment, mechanical and electrical equipment used, erection and construction tools, etc. To ensure safety.
Second, the basis for the preparation of technical measures plan
1, national and superior safety production laws, regulations and standards;
2, engineering design drawings;
3. Relevant national construction acceptance specifications;
4. Problems found in the construction safety inspection that need to be solved.
III. Main contents of compilation
1, project overview
(1) Comprehensive: construction unit (owner) and design unit, construction unit, geographical location, building area, number of floors, eaves, etc.
(2) Geological conditions: Geological conditions and soil structure mainly highlight the elevation, thickness and necessary mechanical properties of the soil layer through which the pile foundation passes.
2, construction conditions and preparation
(1) construction conditions: briefly describe the three links and one leveling: transportation, construction water, electricity, site overlay facilities, etc. , and attach the necessary calculation process and layout. The layout of various facilities is reasonable, the roads are solid and flat, the drainage is smooth, and the materials are stacked in an orderly manner, which meets the requirements of civilization and safety.
(2) Construction preparation: preparation from four aspects: production, technology, safety and quality, including the deployment of personnel, finance and materials. That is, (1) labor plan, staffing of each type of work, and entry and exit time; (2) Machine plan, models and quantities of earth-moving machinery, tower cranes, derricks, pumps, mixers and other machinery, as well as specifications, quantities and entry and exit times of scaffolding and templates; (3) procurement plan for components and semi-finished products, etc.
3, the main safety technical measures
(1) construction survey positioning: according to the positioning base point given by the construction unit, draw the engineering quantity positioning map.
(2) Earthwork: ① Earthwork excavation method, machinery selection, subsection excavation sequence, deep foundation pit enclosure, etc. ② Precipitation and drainage measures; ③ Earthwork transportation and reclamation. According to the excavation depth and soil conditions of foundation pits, ditches and basements. Reasonable excavation method should be selected, slope gradient should be determined, and measures such as supporting and supporting piles should be adopted to prevent collapse.
(3) Foundation engineering: The construction scheme of foundation engineering is one of the key contents of construction organization design. If it is a pile foundation, a pile foundation construction plan should be prepared; For other foundation forms, corresponding construction safety schemes should be prepared.
(4) Reinforcement engineering: ① Organization mode of reinforcement processing and molding; (2) Form and requirements of steel bar joints, welding process requirements and equipment organization; (3) Guarantee measures for reinforced protective layer; (4) Construction scheme of special reinforcement, such as safety operation precautions such as superelevation, overlong and prestress.
(5) Formwork project: ① Selection of formwork form and determination of supporting system; (2) The construction procedures, methods and acceptance of formwork fabrication, installation and dismantling, and the assembly drawings of main nodes shall be drawn.
(6) Concrete engineering: ① Determine the source of concrete, mix on site or commercial concrete; (2) the mode of concrete transportation; ③ Arrangement and treatment of construction joints; (4) Concrete pouring sequence and layered thickness; ⑤ Vibrating requirements and curing methods of concrete; ⑥ Construction measures for mass concrete and concrete with special requirements.
(7) Masonry engineering: ① Determine the variety and label of masonry materials; (2) determine the organizational methods and process standards; (3) Solve the problems of construction methods and procedures with special requirements for process installation and masonry, such as accessories, reserved holes, masonry back walls, etc.
(8) Lifting project: ① Select the type and quantity of lifting machinery; (2) Determine the methods, hoisting sequence and requirements of various construction links such as component fabrication, stacking, transportation, assembly, calibration and welding; (3) When necessary, the hoisting construction plan and hoisting process diagram shall be drawn; (4) Prepare the hoisting project construction scheme, and incorporate it into the construction organization design as a chapter after examination and approval.
(9) Vertical transportation and horizontal transportation: ① Determine the mode, quantity and plane layout of vertical transportation and horizontal transportation; (2) Large vertical transportation equipment shall be designed with foundation and auxiliary structure. Construction elevators, tower cranes and derricks shall be in correct positions, firm and stable, with complete and reliable safety devices.
(10) Shelf project: ① Selection of erection materials and erection methods for structural construction shelves; (2) The frame of high-rise or towering structure should be designed and calculated, including calculation books and design drawings, building nodes, site reinforcement elevation, floor plan and basic practices; (3) The choice of shelf form in decoration engineering, the design, assembly, cantilever, plane layout, elevator and other safety measures of bridge or hanger. All kinds of frame erection schemes shall conform to safety standards, and the four-mouth, five-limb and three-dimensional crossing operations shall be reliably protected, and the safety net (flat net and dense mesh net) shall be arranged reasonably and effectively, and shall be accepted by sections.
(1 1) Decoration project: ① Determine the reasonable construction sequence of decoration project, the material variety, quantity, specification, process requirements, quality standards and finished product protection measures of important and special decoration sub-projects, and put forward the machine plan in decoration project; (2) Advanced complex decoration projects shall be separately prepared and submitted for examination and approval.
(12) Waterproofing works (basement, construction joints, reserved holes, roof waterproofing): ① Waterproofing materials and practices; ② Application of new materials and new processes; (3) Waterproof layer protection measures during construction. Indoor floor waterproofing: ① Waterproof materials and practices; (2) Cross-construction arrangement of each process and installation process of waterproof floor; (3) waterproof treatment scheme for node details; ④ Protective measures for waterproof layer; ⑤ Implementation measures of leakage test.
(13) Installation works: ① If the installation works of electricity, sanitation, water, heating, ventilation and equipment are carried out by subcontractors, the subcontractors shall prepare a construction plan and incorporate it into the construction organization design as a chapter after approval; (2) Explain the relationship between professional engineering and civil engineering and coordination requirements, such as construction coordination, technical measures, finished product protection, etc. ; (3) Each major should make a construction plan according to the engineering division.
(14) new materials, new processes and new technologies.
4. Other requirements for safety technical measures:
All special projects with complex structure, super high-rise, large span and high technical requirements shall be prepared with single safety technical measures. Such as: blasting engineering, large-scale hoisting, caisson, caisson, chimney, water tower engineering, special erection, erection and demolition of super high-rise scaffolding, etc. The safety technical measures of these projects should have design basis, strength calculation and detailed written explanation.
(1) Key points of protection in the construction stage: ① Foundation construction: measures to prevent landslides, mechanical injuries and falling from a height, and restrictions on large machinery near the pit, etc. ② Structure and decoration construction: formulate protection measures for key parts and safety guarantee measures for hoisting temporary supports.
(2) Erection and protection of shelves, passages, derricks and tower cranes. It can be used only after meeting the safety requirements and passing the acceptance test.
(3) Deep, high, narrow, small site, busy area, inflammable and explosive articles, multiple tower cranes, etc. There should be key safety protection measures.
(4) The preparation of the construction temporary electricity utilization scheme should meet various safety requirements, including the safe distance of overhead lines, setting up electrical boxes according to the requirements of three-phase five-wire system, using qualified electrical equipment, adopting three-level distribution and three-level leakage protection, etc.
(5) Fire prevention, lightning protection, anti-virus and anti-explosion measures are correct and effective.
(6) The project near residential areas should be civilized, noise reduced, smoke controlled and closed.
5, seasonal construction safety technical measures:
(1) rainy season construction: collapse prevention, lightning protection, electric shock prevention, typhoon prevention, etc. (1) In order to prevent collapse and do a good job of drainage, pits, ditches, groove slopes and weak parts shall be supported and supervised, and construction shall be stopped immediately if danger is found. (2) Typhoon prevention: before the typhoon and rainstorm come, check and reinforce all parts, and evacuate the personnel in the dangerous parts from the dangerous areas. (3) In order to prevent electric shock, bare wires and plastic wires shall not be used for the power cord. The laying depth of all lines is 60cm, and the conductor section meets the requirements. The electric box and electrical appliances should be rain-proof, and the working zero line and the protection zero line should not be mixed. The shell of motor equipment shall be reliably connected with the protective zero line, using mobile power tools and wearing insulating gloves. (4) Lightning protection: Tower cranes, derricks and scaffolding higher than buildings should have lightning protection devices and reliable lightning protection grounding should be set.
(2) In summer construction, the key point is to do a good job of heatstroke prevention and cooling.
① Arrange the operation time reasonably, avoid the harm of direct sunlight at noon, control overtime and pay attention to the combination of work and rest. (2) In containers, tunnels and other workplaces, ventilation should be strengthened. (3) Build arbor, decorate lounge, supply cool drinks, distribute heatstroke prevention and cooling protection articles, and equip with first-aid medicines. If heatstroke is found, rescue it immediately.
(3) In winter construction, the key points are anti-freezing, anti-skid, fire prevention and poisoning prevention. (1) In bad weather, windy, rainy and frosty weather, especially in aerial work, anti-skid measures should be taken to remove frost and snow on ramps, passages and ladders in time. In case of strong wind or heavy snow of magnitude 6 or above, aerial work and hoisting operation should be stopped. ② Educate employees to improve their awareness of cold protection. (3) Strictly implement the examination and approval system for hot work, equip with sufficient fire-fighting equipment, and train employees to use it correctly. (4) Wood and dry wood shall not be used for fire heating in the construction site, and indoor coal stoves shall be ventilated. ⑤ It is forbidden to pull and connect the lines randomly, and it is forbidden to cook or use the electric stove in the work shed.
Fourth, the scope of the special plan
In addition to the safety technical measures in the construction organization design, special safety construction plans should be prepared for highly specialized projects, such as piling, foundation pit support, formwork engineering, scaffolding, temporary construction electricity, tower crane, material hoist, hoisting, etc., and elaborated in the form of specific words, calculations and detailed drawings.
Five, the construction organization design and special safety construction plan must be compiled by professional and technical personnel, department technical director audit, approved by the enterprise chief technical director (chief engineer) review, signed and sealed before implementation. If it is really necessary to change the scheme during the construction, the original compiler or the person in charge of construction technology shall put forward the modification opinions and implement them after being examined and approved by the original approver.
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