Appraisal conclusion is the comprehensive judgment made by appraisers on the appraisal object. This judgment is a subjective result, but in the field of material evidence technical appraisal, it must rely on the necessary material basis, especially the same identification, which is based on four material elements.
First, the object of appraisal, commonly known as inspection materials, is the premise and foundation of appraisal conclusion. Without it, evaluation cannot be produced; The basic conditions are not up to the standards prescribed by the state, and the appraisal conditions are not available; Or although the conditions are met, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the conclusion because of the poor quantity and quality.
The second is the sample, which is the basis of comparison and comparison in identification. In the same appraisal, it can't be appraised without it; The sample does not meet the requirements, and it is difficult to make an appraisal conclusion, or the appraisal conclusion is wrong.
Third, the identification method is a means to understand the characteristics of samples and compare their similarities and differences. On the premise that the samples and samples meet the requirements, if the identification methods are improper or outdated, or the effectiveness and advancement of the identification methods are poor, and the technical standard level of the methods is low, many identifications will often lead to inaccurate identification conclusions.
The fourth is the scientific standard of appraisal conclusion. According to the first three aspects, the results obtained through scientific inspection are the key elements of the appraisal conclusion. Any appraisal conclusion must be based on a certain amount of objective evidence that can stand scientific test. The objective basis of the appraisal conclusion is vivid and concrete; Some are based on the similarities and differences of characteristics and can be quantified; Some are based on facts and phenomena and have comprehensive characteristics. But it must conform to the current international and domestic scientific and technological standards.
Handwriting identification sample 1. Ways and methods of collecting sample materials
The sample handwriting used in identification can be divided into normal samples and experimental samples. According to the time of committing the crime, the usual samples can be divided into pre-case samples and post-case samples. In practice, we often need to extract or retrieve the usual samples.
1. Pre-case handwriting samples refer to the handwriting materials formed by the appraisers in their daily work, study and daily life before the case, and are mainly collected through the following two aspects: borrowing the handwriting materials that the appraisers may leave behind in their work from the unit where they work; You can collect handwriting materials written by appraisers in daily life.
2. Handwriting samples after the crime can be collected from the following aspects:
(1), which is the same as collecting samples before filing, except that these materials must be formed after filing;
(2) Without revealing the intention of collecting handwriting and the appraiser's suspicion, the investigators asked the appraiser to write certain handwriting materials in a normal way, such as asking the unit to organize a unified questionnaire survey, write a report, and learn from it.
The experimental samples were collected after the doer or criminal suspect confessed the criminal facts, with the purpose of understanding the changes of the handwriting of material evidence, explaining the differences in identification and testing the authenticity of the confession.
Second, the matters needing attention in collecting samples
1. The collected sample materials shall be authentic and reliable, and the investigators shall verify and confirm the collected samples. Responsible for its authenticity. You can't send the handwriting materials for inspection, nor can you turn the samples upside down. Because the authenticity of the sample directly affects the accuracy of the conclusion. Many false identifications are related to untrue or wrong samples.
2. The collection of sample data should be comprehensive and sufficient, and there should be enough sample data to better expose the writing habits and skills of the appraisers. Appraisers can make full use of these characteristics and find some rules from them, so as to compare them with samples more comprehensively and draw scientific and accurate appraisal conclusions.
3. The collected sample materials should be comparable. Samples should be of sufficient quantity and good quality, and have the basic conditions for category identification and identity identification with the tested materials.
4. The samples collected must be approved by the relevant departments and parties, and written materials shall be formed by the relevant units or parties, sealed or signed. That is to say, the acquisition of samples should be legal.
5. The sample materials of handwriting inspection cases shall be original in principle. When extracting documentary evidence, it must be guaranteed that the documentary evidence is intact. Do not daub, mark or add comments on the sample at will.
Standard text of handwriting appraisal opinions I. Basic information
(1) Customer: XXXX
(2) Acceptance date: XXXX, xx, xx, xx.
(III) Entrust: XX evaluation.
(4) Appraisal date: XXXX, xx, xx, xx.
(5) Evaluation place: XXXX
II. Overview of the case
When handling insurance disputes, the entrusting party requires the signature date to be? XXXX，XXXX，xx？ Confirmation of the application for electronic insurance of China Ping An Life Insurance Company of China Insurance Co., Ltd. Signature of the insured? Place? XXX？ Judicial expertise on the authenticity of signature handwriting.
Third, the identification materials
(1) Material inspection
What is the date of signature? XXXX，XXXX，xx？ The electronic insurance confirmation (No.XXXXXXXX) of China Ping An Life Insurance Company of China Insurance Co., Ltd. is on the lower left of page 2. Insurance sign
Name? Place? XXX？ The signature handwriting is called the inspection signature (JC). (Ping An Insurance Tianjin Branch)
For the original scan)
(2) samples
1. Date? XX year XX month xx day? XXX's handwriting materials are written in our center 1 page.
Signature of weighing sample -YB- 1( 1)-(2). (XXX original)
2. What's the date today? XX year XX month xx day? The handwriting materials of XXX written by our center, page 2,
Signature of weighing sample II YB-2( 1)-(2). (XXX original)
What's the date today? XX year XX month xx day? XXX's handwriting materials are written in our center, page 3,
Signature III of weighing sample (YB-3). (XXX original)
Fourth, the identification requirements
What is the date of signature? XX year XX month xx day? The electronic insurance confirmation (No.XXXXXX) of China Ping An Life Insurance Company of China Insurance Co., Ltd. is on the lower left of page 2. Signature of the insured? Place? XXX？ Is the signature handwriting written by XXX?
Verb (short for verb) checking process
According to SF/ZJD 0201002-2010 "Handwriting Identification Standard", the materials submitted for inspection were tested.
The submitted Confirmation of Electronic Insurance Application of China Insurance Co., Ltd. and China Ping An Life Insurance Company of China Insurance Company is printed on A4 white paper, and the words on it are composed of printed and handwritten characters. The sample signature is handwritten Chinese characters, and the writing speed of the sample signature is moderate, which can reflect the handwriting characteristics to a certain extent and has the qualification for identification.
Through the comparison between samples, it is found that the handwriting from sample signature 1 to sample signature 3 is consistent in format, writing method and stroke characteristics, and the handwriting level is consistent, and the strokes are natural and smooth, which is normal writing. The signature handwriting characteristics of the three samples are stable and can be considered as written by the same person, which meets the comparison conditions.
Compared with computer software image enhancement observation and microscope observation, it is found that there are obvious differences between the signature of this sample and that of this sample in handwriting, structure, stroke movement, stroke connection and rotation angle characteristics. Like what? Ding? Words? One? The direction of the pen? One? Pen and? Hey? The positional relationship of the pen; ? Standing? What are the stroke characteristics of Chinese characters? Standing? Word sum? Fang? What are the collocation characteristics of words? Standing? The pen-receiving action of characters; ? Fang? The act of writing a word? Hey? What are the writing characteristics of departments and parties? Words? Hey? Pen and? One? The position of the pen, huh? Pen and? Matching characteristics of pens. The turning angle, radian characteristics and pen-receiving action of strokes; ? Ding? Standing? Fang? The arrangement and combination characteristics of the three words, etc.
Analysis and explanation of intransitive verbs
On the basis of the above tests, the materials are examined according to the handwriting characteristics formed by people's writing habits and the same recognition theory. XXX？ Do you have any samples ? XXX？ His handwriting is essentially different, which fully reflects the writing habits of different people and should be denied.
Seven. expert opinion
What is the date of signature? 20 1 1 year1October 12? China Ping An Life Insurance Company of China Insurance Co., Ltd. Electronic Insurance Confirmation Sheet (No.:108001015179430) at the bottom left of page 2. Signature of the insured? Place? XXX？ The signature handwriting is not written by XXX.
Eight. additional
Copies of authentication materials: power of attorney, one page of sample, three pages of sample, one page of handwriting feature comparison table, judicial authentication license, and judicial appraiser's practice certificate.
Note: The appraisal materials entrusted for inspection shall be returned together with the appraisal opinions.
Appraiser:
Number of practice certificate of judicial appraiser. :XXXXXXXXXXXX
Appraiser:
Number of practice certificate of judicial appraiser. :XXXXXXXXXXXX
20 15 years 1 month 27th
Don't make it clear
1. Appraisal opinions are only valid for samples and used samples.
2. In the process of identification, our center operates and expresses in strict accordance with the technical specification of judicial identification SF/ZJD 0201002-2010.
3. Without the written consent of the Center, the appraisal certificate shall not be partially copied (except for all copies).