1. Sino-British Beijing Treaty. The Qing government signed a treaty with Britain on 1860 10124 October, and the British representative was Earl Erkin. The English page of the contract is *** 10, and the main contents of the terms are as follows:
1, the Qing Dynasty confirmed the validity of the Sino-British Tianjin Treaty;
2. The Qing Dynasty ceded the Kowloon Peninsula in Xin 'an County, Guangdong Province (now south of Hong Kong Boundary Street) to Britain;
3. Tianjin was opened for trade in Qing Dynasty;
4. Raise the compensation of Sino-British Tianjin Treaty to 8 million taels;
5. Allow Western missionaries to rent and buy land and build churches in China;
6. Allow foreign businessmen to recruit Han people to work as cheap labor (coolies) abroad.
Second, the Sino-French Beijing Treaty. The Qing government signed a treaty with France on1October 25th, 1860+65438, with Baron Gro as the representative of France. The contract has 27 pages in French, and its main contents are as follows:
1. The Qing Dynasty ratified the Sino-French Tianjin Treaty, and the compensation was raised to 8 million taels.
2. Return the previously confiscated Catholic property;
3. Paragraph 7 of the China Treaty clearly stipulates that French missionaries rent and buy fields in various provinces and build their own houses, but there is no such provision in the French text;
The Qing Dynasty agreed to open Dalian as a commercial port.
Third, the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty. The Qing government signed a treaty with Russia in1860114 10. The Russian side was represented by Count ignatieff. The contract is in Russian, with 43 pages in total. The main contents are as follows:
1. The Qing Dynasty recognized the effectiveness of the Aihui Treaty of 1858, and owned about 400,000 square kilometers of land from the east of the Wusuli River to the sea (including Sakhalin Island and the ice-free port Vladivostok) which was originally regulated as "* * *" by China and Russia. Since then, China has lost its access to the Sea of Japan in the northeast.
2. Delineate the western border between China and Russia, starting from Sabindabaha, passing through Zhai Cendre and Temurtujur (now Lake Issyk-Kul) to the vast-Chinese border bounded by mountains, rivers and present-day China's permanent residence in Kalun;
3. Open Zhangjiakou, Cullen and Kashgar as commercial ports;
4. Russia has established consulates in Cullen and Kashgar.
Extended data:
Historical background of Beijing Treaty;
1856, the western capitalist countries headed by Britain launched the second opium war against China, which forced the Qing government to sign the unequal Tianjin Treaty in 1858, and further seized a lot of privileges. 1859, Britain, France and the United States sent ambassadors to China respectively to lead the fleet to exchange contracts in China.
The Qing government strengthened the defense of Tianjin and Dagu, and prepared to exchange contracts with British and French ministers in Shanghai to prevent them from entering Beijing. Britain and France refused to change the contract in Shanghai. 1June, 859, went north to Dagukou, Tianjin, and forcibly entered Dagu without taking the route designated by the Qing side. The result was defeated by the Qing army. Britain and France decided to organize allied forces to launch a large-scale war of aggression against China again.
1860 In August, more than 7000 people from the British and French allied forces/KLOC-0 arrived in the waters near Tianjin, conquered Dagu and occupied Tianjin, and defeated the main force of the Qing army in Tongxian County. On September 22, Emperor Xianfeng fled to Jehol, where he became Prince Gong. For plenipotentiaries and ministers, stay in Beijing to make peace. During the negotiations, the Qing government completely accepted the terms of Britain and France without any struggle.
1860 10 10 On October 24th, the Qing government fully negotiated with Minister Yi. Exchange the Sino-British Tianjin Treaty and sign the Sino-British Beijing Treaty with the British Plenipotentiary Erkin in the lobby of Beijing Ritual Department.
1860101October 25th, the Qing government fully negotiated with Minister Yi? In the lobby of Beijing Ritual Department, the Tianjin Treaty was exchanged with the French Plenipotentiary Gro, and the Sino-French Beijing Treaty was signed. British and French troops immediately withdrew from Beijing.
1860165438+1October 14. Did the Qing government fully discuss with Minister Yi? Signed the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty with Russian Ambassador to China Ignatief in Beijing, recognizing the Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty, which has been refused to be ratified.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Beijing Treaty