1. During World War II, Japan’s military services only had the army and navy, but no air force. The aviation force is divided into two categories: Army Aviation and Naval Aviation, with "Army Aviation Ranks" and "Navy Aviation Ranks" respectively established.

2. The then Emperor Hirohito was the "Grand Marshal of the Army and Navy of the Empire of Japan". He was both the nominal and de facto supreme commander. Many, most of the war orders and criminal instructions were issued under his command. After he approved (sometimes participated in the formulation) and used the seal, he sent it to the occupied areas and front lines in the form of the Emperor's edict and the Emperor's instruction, and then it was executed by the group of beast soldiers who were disdainful of humans and shouted "Long live the Emperor!"

3. Japan’s field marshal and navy marshal are honorary military ranks, which are given to “admirals (admirals) of the army and navy who have established special meritorious service for the Empire of Japan. Modern military language in parentheses is the same below.” Award". In terms of clothing, marshals wear the "Marshal Badge" when wearing regular uniforms. There are obvious differences in clothing from ordinary generals when wearing formal clothes.

4. The details of the Japanese army and navy ranks are explained below:

①. The Japanese army ranks from 1931 to 1945 can be roughly divided into 1943 (Showa era) 17 years) before and after two periods (hereinafter referred to as "early period" and "later period").

The early military ranks of the Japanese Army were divided into four categories: officers (officers), officers equivalent to officers (associates), ordinary soldiers, and professional soldiers. Among them, the officers are divided into three levels: generals, senior officers (college officers), and non-commissioned officers (lieutenants). The equivalent officers of the officers are divided into general officers, equivalent officers, and non-commissioned officers equivalent to officers. Ordinary soldiers are divided into three categories: warrant officer (warrant officer) and junior sergeant. Non-commissioned officers (sergeants) and privates are classified into three categories. Professional soldiers are divided into three categories: lance-commissioned officers equivalent to officers, non-commissioned officers equivalent to officers, and privates.

1. Officer: (×× in the following is the name of the service or service)

General officer - Army General (General), Army Lieutenant General, Army Major General;

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Senior officers——Army XX Colonel (Colonel), Army XX Lieutenant Colonel (Lieutenant Colonel), Army XX Major (Major);

Noncommissioned officers——Army XX Captain (Captain) ), Lieutenant XX of the Army, Second Lieutenant XX of the Army;

2. A general is equivalent to an officer:

A general is equivalent to an officer—Director XX of the Army (Lieutenant General), XX of the Army Supervisor (major general);

The superior officer is equivalent to an officer - Army First Class ×× Sergeant (Colonel), Army Second Class ×× Sergeant (Lieutenant Colonel), Army Third Class ×× Sergeant (Major); < /p>

Non-commissioned officers are equivalent to officers - Army First Class ×× Officer (Captain), Army Second Class ×× Officer (Lieutenant), Army Third Class ×× Officer (Second Lieutenant);

3. Ordinary soldiers:

Lance sergeant—Army ×× Special Agent Cao (warrant officer);

Legal sergeant—Army ×× Special Agent Cao (staff sergeant), Army ×× Sergeant (Sergeant), Army ×× Corps Commander (Corporal);

Soldiers—Army ×× First Class, Army ×× First Class, Army ×× Second Class;

4. Professional Soldiers:

Lance Sergeant - Army × ××Second Class × Engineer (Sergeant), Army ××Third Class × Engineer (Corporal);

Soldiers—Army ×× First Class, Army ×× First Class, Army ××Second Class .

At the same time, according to the classification of Japanese official positions, Japanese soldiers (including the army and navy) are also divided into four categories: imperial officers, memorial officers, judged officers, and pawns. The four titles are introduced as follows: Officials appointed by imperial decree - officials appointed according to the imperial decree of the Emperor of Japan are divided into three levels, the general is the first-class official, the lieutenant general is the second-class official, and the major general is the third-class official; Appointed officials - Officials who are appointed by the Minister of War for approval from the Emperor and are divided into six grades. A colonel is a first-class officer, a lieutenant is a second-class officer, a major is a third-class officer, and a captain is a fourth-class officer. As an official, a lieutenant is a fifth-class official, and a second lieutenant is a sixth-class official; a judge-an official appointed by the commander of the regiment (regiment level) or above is divided into four grades. Special Agent Cao is a first-class judge, and Chief Cao is a first-class judge. The second-class magistrates, the sergeant is the third-class magistrate, and the corps commander is the fourth-class magistrate; pawns - soldiers appointed by the commanders of the brigade (battalion), squadron (company) and other units, are divided into three classes, and the upper-class soldiers are first-class pawns, first-class pawns, and first-class pawns. The first-class soldiers are second-class soldiers, and the second-class soldiers are third-class soldiers.

In the early military ranks of the Japanese Army, there was no distinction between military branches for general officers, while senior officers and non-commissioned officers were divided into military police, infantry, cavalry, artillery, engineers, aviation, and baggage troops. The officers are equivalent to the chief accountant of the district manager (military quarters), the military doctor of the Ministry of Health, the pharmacy (drug director) of the Ministry of Health, the veterinarian of the Veterinary Department, and the music director of the military music club (only non-commissioned officers are equivalent to officers, divided into the first-class music director of the army and the second-class music director of the army) Band leader, Army third class band leader level 3). Ordinary soldiers are divided into military police (the lowest is the army military police superior), infantry, cavalry, artillery, engineers, aviation, and baggage soldiers. Professional soldiers are divided into artillery saddlers, artillery gunners, artillery fireworkers, artillery blacksmiths, engineer carpenters, engineer mechanics, engineer electricians, managerial department planners (munitions department soldiers), managerial department seamstresses, managerial department bootmakers, and sanitary workers. The chief nurse and nurse soldier of the Ministry of Health, the mill foreman and mill engineer (soldiers specializing in pharmaceuticals and dispensing) of the Ministry of Health, the farrier of the Veterinary Department, and the titles of the musicians of the Military Band are even more unique: Army Band Chief [Warrant Officer], Army First Officer Musician first class [Sergeant], Army musician second class [Sergeant], Army musician third class [Corporal], Army musician first class [Private First Class].

In order to adapt to the needs of the war, the Army's military rank system underwent major adjustments in 1943: officers were renamed non-commissioned officers; generals were renamed personally appointed officers (appointed by the emperor himself, issued with a letter of appointment and the rank mark of general). ; The superior officer was renamed as an assistant officer; the former non-commissioned officer was renamed as a lieutenant; the original complicated military ranks were merged into two categories: non-commissioned officers and soldiers; the military titles such as supervisor, sergeant, officer, and engineer were cancelled, and the military titles were unified; a separate technical department military rank was established ; Change the legal personnel to non-commissioned officers; change the rank of Special Agent Cao to Warrant Officer, and he will still be a first-class judge; add the rank of soldier commander to a first-class pawn, and so on. The specific settings are as follows:

Noncommissioned officers:

General officers—general (admiral), lieutenant general, major general;

Assistant officer—×× colonel (colonel) ), ×× Lieutenant Colonel (Lieutenant Colonel), ×× Major (Major);

Lieutenant officer - ×× Captain (Captain), ×× Lieutenant, ×× Second Lieutenant;

Soldier :

Graduate Sergeant——×× Warrant Officer;

Legal Sergeant——×× Chief Cao (Sergeant), ×× Sergeant (Sergeant), ×× Wu Commander ( Corporal);

Soldiers - ×× sergeant commander, ×× superior private, Army ×× first class private, Army ×× second class soldier;

Army service settings:

< p>Officers and soldiers of the military department: the military police are composed of military police colonels to military police superiors, the general services are composed of generals to second-class privates, and the army aviation are composed of army aviation lieutenant generals to army aviation second-class privates;

Technical department officers and soldiers: military skills (general military technical services) Military skills lieutenant general to military skills second class, aviation technology (army aviation technical service) aviation technology lieutenant general to aviation technology second class;

Managerial officers and soldiers: chief planner (military finance) design chief lieutenant general to the chief planner, from seamstress warrant officer to seamer corps leader, and from fitter warrant officer to fitter corps leader;

Officers and soldiers of the Ministry of Health: military medical non-commissioned officers, from military medical lieutenant general to military medical second lieutenant , Pharmacy non-commissioned officers range from pharmacy lieutenant general to pharmacy second lieutenant, dental medical non-commissioned officers (dentists) range from dental surgeon major general to dental surgeon second lieutenant, health officers and soldiers (medical service personnel) range from health captain to health second class, and medical workers (nursing staff) Warrant Officer of Medical Work to Chief of Medical Work Team;

Veterinary Department Officers and Soldiers: Veterinary Non-commissioned Officers range from Veterinary Lieutenant General to Veterinary Second Lieutenant, Veterinary Service Officers (veterinary service personnel) Veterinary Service Major to Veterinary Service Team Leader;

Legal Affairs Department (Military Justice) non-commissioned officers: Legal Affairs Lieutenant General to Legal Affairs Second Lieutenant;

Military Music Department officers and soldiers: Military Music Major to Military Music Private.

The regular rank symbols of the Japanese Army at that time used shoulder patches before 1938 and collar patches later. After 1943, non-commissioned officers (officers) and lance sergeants (warrant officers) added armbands.

The rank expressions of the collar insignia and epaulettes are the same: the general officer has a gold base, with three cherry stars for general (admiral), two cherry stars for lieutenant general, and one cherry star for major general; gold edge for junior officer (college officer) (referring to the epaulette, The two long sides of the collar badge, the same below) have two bars, three cherry stars for colonel (colonel), two cherry stars for lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel), one cherry star for major (major); one gold border for lieutenant, and captain (captain). Three cherry stars, two for lieutenant, and one for second lieutenant; cadet (military academy cadet, not military rank) has a gold edge; warrant officer (warrant officer) has one gold edge and no stars; noncommissioned officer (sergeant) has one star, and Chief Cao ( A sergeant (sergeant) has three cherry stars, a sergeant (sergeant) has two cherry stars, and a corporal (corporal) has one. Two stars for first-class soldiers, one for second-class soldiers, and no stars for recruits (not military ranks). The sides and bars are embroidered with metal wire or silk thread, and the cherry blossom stars are made of copper.

The service of the Army's arms is distinguished by service colors and professional symbols. The service colors were reflected on the collar insignia before 1938 and on the M-shaped badge after 1938: black for military police, red for infantry, cute yellow for cavalry, Yellow for artillery, cyan for engineers, sky blue for aviation, blue for baggage troops, dark green for health department, purple for veterinary department, brown for management department, white for legal department, and cyan for military music department. Among the professional symbols, pyrotechnics are burning round cannonballs, buglers' bugles, bootmakers' shoehorns, fortification area troops' forts and barrels, gunsmiths' barrel cross sections and rifle lines, saddlers' saddles, and blacksmith's chisels. saw blade, grinder's mortar, sewing scissors, machinist's gear, electrician's lightning.

The job and military ranks of the Japanese Army at that time:

Minister of Army - Marshal, General;

Chief of Army Staff - Marshal, General;

Commander of the General Army (planned in 1945, surrendered before it was realized, equivalent to the front army)—marshal, general,

Chief of Staff of the General Army—general, lieutenant general;

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The commander of the army (group army) - general,

The chief of staff of the army - lieutenant general;

The commander of the front army (army) - lieutenant general,

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Chief of Staff of the Front Army - Major General;

Division Commander (Division Commander) - Lieutenant General,

Chief of Staff of the Division - Major General, Colonel;

The brigade commander (brigade commander) - major general, colonel,

The brigade chief of staff - colonel, lieutenant colonel;

The commander (brigade commander) - colonel , Lieutenant Colonel,

Deputy Wing Commander (Deputy Regiment Commander) – Lieutenant Colonel, Major;

Battalion Commander (Batalion Commander) – Major, Captain;

Squadron leader (company commander) - captain, lieutenant;

Squad leader (platoon leader) - lieutenant, second lieutenant;

Division chief - warrant officer, commander Cao;

Squad deputy (deputy platoon leader) - Captain Cao, Sergeant;

Squad leader (squad leader) - Sergeant, Wu leader;

Team leader - Wu Sergeant, first class soldier.

②. During World War II, the classification of military ranks in the Japanese navy was different from that in the army. They were divided into two categories: sergeants (officers) and special service sergeants, lance sergeants, corporals, and soldiers (the above four categories are collectively referred to as naval soldiers). The latter is divided into two periods before and after 1944.

Navy petty officer rank:

General officer - Navy Admiral (Navy Admiral), Navy Lieutenant General × , equivalent to a Commodore);

Adjunct officers - Navy Colonel × p>Lieutenant officers - Navy Captain × ).

Before 1944, the military academy was divided into three categories: military (admiral to naval ensign), aviation (naval aviation captain to naval aviation ensign), and agency (administrative service personnel, naval agency captain to naval agency ensign). The general school is divided into military medicine (Navy Medical Lieutenant General to Navy Medical Ensign), Pharmacy Department (Navy Pharmacy Rear Admiral to Navy Pharmacy Ensign), Accounting Department (Navy Accounting Lieutenant Admiral to Navy Accounting Ensign), and Shipbuilding Department (Navy Medicine Rear Admiral to Navy Accounting Ensign). Shipbuilding Lieutenant General to Navy Shipbuilding Ensign), Machinery Building Department (Navigation Machinery Supervisor, Navy Machinery Lieutenant Admiral to Navy Machinery Ensign), Ordnance Building Department (Naval Weaponry Supervisor, Navy Weaponry Vice Admiral to Navy Ordnance Ensign), Waterway Department (Navigation personnel, naval waterway colonel to naval waterway ensign) 7 types.

After 1944, the Military Academy was divided into two types: Military Academy (Navy Admiral to Navy Ensign) and Aviation Academy (Navy Lieutenant to Navy Ensign). , Accounting Department, Technology Department (Navy Technical Vice Admiral to Navy Technical Ensign), Dental Surgery Department (Navy Dental Rear Admiral to Navy Dental Surgery Ensign), Legal Affairs Department (Navy Legal Affairs Vice Admiral to Navy Legal Affairs Ensign), Military Music Department (Navy Military Music There are 8 types in the Nursing Department (from Major Sergeant to Navy Ensign of Military Music) and Nursing (from Major Sergeant to Navy Ensign of Medical Music).

The ranks of naval soldiers before 1944:

Special service petty officers - Navy XX special agent captain, Navy XX special agent lieutenant, Navy XX special agent second lieutenant, the special service petty officer is to retain soldiers The technical backbone in the Navy is somewhat similar to the modern high and intermediate technical non-commissioned officers of our army;

Quasi Petty Officer - Navy ×× Soldier Cao Commander;

Legal Petty Officer ——First-class Navy Soldier, Second-class Navy Soldier, and Third-class Navy Soldier;

Soldiers—First-class Navy Soldier, Second-class Navy Soldier, and Third-class Navy Soldier XX soldiers, fourth-class XX soldiers in the navy.

The first, second, and third class privates in the Navy are of the same rank as the first, first, and second class privates in the Army. The departments (arms service) are divided into military department, aviation department, organization department, accounting department, military music department, and nursing department, such as navy special agent captain, naval aviation special agent second lieutenant, navy agency sergeant commander, navy second-class chief accountant, navy first-class sergeant Such as military band members, Navy guard third class, etc.

Ranks of naval soldiers after 1944:

Special service petty officers - Navy Captain ××, Navy Lieutenant ××, Navy Second Lieutenant ××;

Lance Petty Officer ——×× Bing Cao chief;

Lower sergeant——Superior ×× Bing Cao (formerly first-class Bing Cao), first-class ×× Bing Cao (formerly second-class Bing Cao), second-class ×× Bing Cao (formerly third-class Bing Cao) Bing Cao);

Bing——×× soldier commander,×× superior soldier,×× first-class soldier,×× second-class soldier.

At this time, the division of departments was also simplified into five categories: military department, accounting department, technical department, military music department, and nursing department. The military department was further subdivided into general soldiers, aviation soldiers, maintenance troops, and agencies. There are 5 types of soldiers and work soldiers (there is only 1 type of military branch for special service non-commissioned officers), such as navy captain (the rank symbol is different from the navy captain among non-commissioned officers), navy lieutenant, navy accountant second lieutenant, technical soldier cao, superior military music soldier cao, first class Guard trooper, second-class flying trooper, maintenance trooper, superior sailor (general soldier), second-class machine trooper, third-class work trooper, etc.