The word "sketch" seems to mean "write quickly" in terms of performance. In fact, sketch is a kind of painting, which is not only the basic skill of learning painting, but also a way for painters to collect materials for themselves. The word "speed" in sketch stands for speed, which is easy to explain. But why use the word "write" when it is clearly a painting? This is because sketch is different from other painting methods, which requires the painter to express the content to be painted simply in a relatively short time. It's a bit like what ordinary people write, as long as they express the general meaning and grasp the most important thing, it's ok. Although sketch can be drawn simply and casually, it can't be scribbled. You can't grasp the most important thing, you can't express what you want to express, and you can't sketch no matter how fast you draw. If you want to sketch well, you have to be quick, but drawing too much is not enough. You have to learn a lot about painting, such as proportion, perspective and so on. Since sketch should be concise and general, when practicing sketch, you should learn to quickly find out what you want to draw, which are important and which are removed, without affecting what you want to express. For example, drawing a dance sketch, it is important to grasp the beautiful dance. If you spend all your energy on painting beautiful dance costumes, you will lose a lot because of small things. Practicing sketch well is to exercise your ability of accurate observation and expression. So sketch has become one of the basic skills of painting. Some students may say that no matter how good the sketch is, it can't hold a shot. Click, isn't it all? Indeed, it is not a great thing to use cameras now, and there are indeed many people who use cameras instead of sketches. But the camera can't completely replace sketch, because sketch can choose and exaggerate the content to be drawn, grasp the most important thing, and also draw the artistic conception when painting. These, the camera can do? Therefore, a good sketch is not only a general painting technique or painting material, but also a good work of art. Why Chinese painting uses a brush to draw Chinese painting is determined by its unique method of using pen and ink. The brush head is shaped like a raw flame. Its front end is sharp, the middle is thick, and the place near the pen becomes narrow again. In this way, you can draw different lines and ink color changes. When the hair is straight to the picture, the tip of the brush head touches the drawing paper, and when the brush is used to draw on the picture, it can draw smooth and slender lines like silk thread. When you slowly increase the pressure of your hand and make the contact between the pen tip and the paper more and more, the lines on the painting will become thicker and thicker. This is called a center pen. If you brush your hair horizontally, with one side of the pen tip touching the picture and the other side facing up, the lines drawn will be thick, changeable and sometimes intermittent. This is called a side pen. If a person is very skilled in using a brush, he can draw all kinds of lines with one brush, instead of using many pens to change them. At the same time, due to the unique style of writing brush, its pen head can contain certain moisture. When the pen tip touches the screen, water will not flow out at once, but will seep into the screen with the strength of the hand holding the pen, that is, pressure. In this way, you can draw different ink changes on the painting with your pen as needed, and you don't need to change my pen. In fact, painters don't use strokes to draw Chinese paintings because it saves trouble. If you look at the above paragraph carefully, you will find that they refer to "using pen" and "using ink" respectively. Chinese painting should first emphasize "vivid charm", and the consistency between "using pen" and "using ink" is precisely for vivid charm. Imagine, if you draw a changing line and then change your pen, can this line give people the feeling of one go? On the other hand, if you can make the painting "vivid", you can also draw Chinese paintings with many different kinds of pens, even without a brush. Among Chinese painters, hair, brushes (i.e. flat-headed pens), fingers and feet are used for painting, and ink-jet colors are used for painting. However, no matter what tools are used, the person who can best express the characteristics of Chinese painting mostly uses a brush. Why are there so many ways to draw lines in Chinese painting? Although both China and foreigners draw with lines, in foreign painting, lines generally only play the role of drawing outlines and checking drafts. In Chinese painting, lines are not only used to outline and draw drafts, but also to express different strokes and increase the meaning of painting. In Chinese painting, lines are like the bones of the image in the painting. If it is a bone, it must have backbone, which can best express the inner vitality of the image in the painting. Different changes in lines are conveying different vitality; And the change of lines is also the change of pens. In order to better draw the changes of lines, painters have created many methods to draw lines. Other methods of drawing lines can be roughly divided into three categories. One is subtle, that is, thin and long, with natural lines. When drawing this line, the brush should walk slowly on the paper, only with the tip of the pen, and the strength must be uniform. So that the lines drawn can be consistent. The second category is Liu Yemiao, that is, lines with thin ends and thick middle like willow leaves. When drawing this line, it is required to be light when entering and starting the pen, and hard when drawing in the middle, so that the line becomes thick from thin. The third is to reduce the pen and describe the class. In fact, this is not a line. When drawing, use the pen quickly and horizontally, and the force used is mainly concentrated at one end of the line. In this way, the drawn line is actually a special "face". If you add some moisture changes, it will change from "pen" to "ink" These three types of lines are always continuous, no matter how thick and how big the changes are. This is just a rough classification. In fact, there are many ways to draw lines, such as iron line painting, running water painting, nail head and mouse tail painting, bamboo leaf painting, jujube stone painting and so on. Literally, you can generally see what kind of lines it refers to. In Chinese painting, there is also an intermittent line with a special name "cūn". This word is actually the "frozen" hand in winter. It is said that my hands will be chapped in winter, and the skin on my fingers will be cracked and rough due to wind and freezing. In Chinese painting, the line "edge" is very rough and discontinuous. It is especially suitable for painting rocks, bark, etc. There are various methods of chopping, such as hemp skin chopping, raindrop chopping, Niu Maocun chopping, breaking the net chopping, etc. Literally, we can also see their respective meanings. What do you mean by dry painting and wet painting? The main performance techniques of watercolor painting and gouache painting are dry painting and wet painting. Dry painting needs less water when mixing colors and painting, and when painting, it is necessary to wait until the previous layer of color is dry before painting the second layer of color, which is superimposed layer by layer. There is a clear boundary between the previous color and the second color. Dry painting should strive to be correct and accurate, mainly used for vivid modeling, diverse levels, proper turning relationship and clear outline. In the application of dry painting, be careful not to cover the color when the background color is not dry. The rabbit background color will flood, mix with the above color and become dirty. Dry painting should not be too layered or too thick. Dry painting is not limited by time, easy to draw calmly and easy to master. However, the dry painting method can't create the effect of color connection and fusion, thus showing a hazy, foggy and illusory background and space, and can't give full play to the characteristics of watercolor China movement and fully reflect the author's emotions when painting. Wet painting is a method to combine two colors naturally by using the dissolution of water. When painting, there are more watercolors on the pen. When the color painted by the previous pen is not dry, connect the latter pen to make the connection between pens soft and the edges moist. Wet painting is often used to express smooth and delicate objects, and it is also suitable for painting distant views, dark parts and reflections of objects, and can express special atmosphere, such as rain, snow, fog, hazy moonlight and lights. When drawing wet, we should pay attention to the timing of writing, how much water to use, and how wet the background color is to draw the right color, all of which need repeated experiments. Although wet painting is difficult to master, it is well performed, which can fully express the author's emotions and feelings, cause ever-changing and unexpected effects, and express abstract artistic conception. Painting only by dry painting, the picture is easy to be dry and stiff, lacking vitality and artistic conception; Excessive use of wet painting will make the picture too moist and lack strength. Therefore, the author often uses dry and wet alternate painting to express flexibly, so that the works can produce ideal effects. Oil painting can also be divided into dry painting and wet painting. The difference is that dry painting and wet painting should be mastered with colored oil instead of water. The wetting method of oil painting is often used for typing, showing the background and foreground, depicting the delicate texture of objects and the relationship between space and color, and not for creating texture effects (except some modern abstract paintings). Generally speaking, the dry painting method of oil painting, covering one layer at a time, does not have to wait for the background color to dry, so it is more convenient to paint. In the freehand brushwork of Chinese painting, there are also dry painting and wet painting. Dry painting is also to wait for the color to dry before continuing painting. The rule of wet painting is to do it in one go, so that the depth of strokes is naturally connected and the charm flows. There are several different methods of wet painting: splashing ink, that is, using bold strokes and thick ink, just like splashing on paper. Broken ink method, first use light ink painting, and then use thick ink to break on it; Or draw with rough ink first, and then break with light ink. The rendering method is to bake and dye the image with ink or color, and wash it with water beside the wet ink line to make the ink flow away and form natural flowing lines. The dry and wet painting method of ink painting is sometimes unpredictable and arbitrary, which can best express the author's hearty feelings through hard work. Why do China painters like to write inscriptions on paintings? If you look at many paintings, you will find that foreigners, especially Europeans, rarely write inscriptions on paintings, whether they are great painters or nobody, whether they are oil paintings, printmaking or gouache paintings. Even if there are words, they are mostly just the artist's signature and time. But many Chinese paintings are different. China painters not only like to inscribe their names, font size and time on paintings, but also often inscribe a poem or a short paragraph of text. Sometimes, there are too many words in the title, even occupying most of the paintings. In fact, inscription words do not always appear in Chinese paintings. At first, some painters wrote small words, even if they did, they often wrote them in humble places such as roots and crevices. At that time, painters did not think that calligraphy and painting were closely related. In Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo, a famous poet, created the style of painting poems with large fonts. Why did Su Dongpo dare to do this? Because he is a great scholar, poetry, painting and calligraphy will do, and his interest has come up. Isn't it more enjoyable to combine the three? Since then, painters of various dynasties have raised questions about almost every painting and expressed their thoughts and feelings through words. The painter Zheng Banqiao painted countless bamboos in his life. However, when painting the same bamboo, the words of the title are different, and the interest and artistic conception of the painting are different. "One, two, three bamboo poles, four, five, six bamboo leaves, naturally light and sparse, why overlap?" This poem is written like a limerick, which is very simple and clear. Another poem-"Insist that the green hills are not relaxed, the roots are rooted in the cliffs, and you are still strong after thousands of turns, and you are crazy all around", which is a tribute to the firm, straight and unyielding character of bamboo. Zheng Banqiao never wanted to associate with corrupt officials. He would rather go back to his hometown to farm than be an official who bullied the people. Doesn't this poem reflect the painter's mood? Paintings enrich the content of painting and enhance the interest that painting brings to people. At the same time, whether there is poetry in the painting and the level of poetry have gradually become a standard to measure the painter's knowledge level and artistic accomplishment. Why do Chinese paintings often paint colored things in black and white? When we watch black-and-white TV and black-and-white photos, we will feel that pure black and white also has rich "color" changes. For example, the contrast between black and white can show the effects of "strong and weak", "soft and hard", "bright and dark" and "high and low", forming the rhythm of black and white, hiding rich and subtle changes, which make black and white have its own unique charm. In traditional Chinese painting, ink is not only black, it can produce richer color changes when mixed with water. After the picture is finished, the intentional blank space often plays the role of "counting white as black", making the picture complete and concise. After the ink is air-dried and mixed with water, it can form a variety of colors, including five categories: shade, dry and wet coke. Among them, thick ink is very thick and black ink, which generally refers to the color of the original ink. Light ink refers to the light ink color formed by diluting thick ink with water. Dry ink refers to the pen marks left after speeding up with a pen, which is often used to represent rattan and trunk. Wet ink refers to a thick and light ink color containing a lot of water, compared with dry ink. Jiao Mo is often the ink body left by the evaporation of thick ink, and sometimes it may form an ink block, which is a very dry and thick ink. These five ink colors can show different textures and "colors" of many objects. For example, draw a small red fruit, which can be said to be dipped in light ink with a pen, and then dipped in thick ink at the tip of the hair to draw the fruiting body (this uses two colors); Then use dry ink to represent the fruit stalk, because dry ink must be suitable for representing dry and hard ground. This is just a small example. There are many skills to finish different fruits. For example, you can draw a large area of leaves with thick ink first, then sketch Ye Jin with thick ink, and use Jiao Mo when it is half dry to better express the texture. There is also the continuous accumulation of ink, so that black itself contains rich and subtle levels. Ink and wash are varied and expressive, and ink and wash is an indispensable and unique painting material in Chinese painting, so Chinese painting often depicts colorful things in black and white. Why is China's painting not equal to "Chinese painting" and "Chinese painting" and China's painting? Literally, the difference lies in the word "de". Chinese painting refers to a unique and systematic painting in China. Chinese painting has its own unique form and content. It is a major feature of Chinese painting to draw with lines and form a picture with ever-changing lines. Whether it is figure painting, landscape painting or flower island painting, whether it is meticulous painting or freehand brushwork, there are lines, clear lines and changing lines in the painting. How to make good use of lines in one's own paintings is a knowledge that everyone who paints Chinese paintings must learn, that is, "using a pen" as the ancients said. While using lines, Chinese painting also uses ink and wash as the basic performance material, which is different from European painting forms such as oil painting and watercolor painting. Chinese painting uses more ink than color. How to use ink well, just like how to use line well, has become the knowledge that everyone who paints Chinese painting must learn. The ancients called this knowledge "using ink". In addition to the unique method of using pen and ink, the style of Chinese painting is also very unique, such as murals, screens, scrolls, albums, fans and so on. Craftsmen use unique mounting techniques to frame their works for appreciation, instead of putting them in frames for appreciation like many paintings. It is also very important that these characteristics of Chinese painting can not be separated from their own unique painting tools-brush to put all kinds of paper, silk, silk and special ink. Without them, it is difficult to draw the characteristics of Chinese painting. If Chinese painting refers to the unique painting form in China, then China's painting refers to the painting drawn by China people because of the word "De". People in China can use traditional Chinese painting or European painting methods. On the contrary, foreigners can also draw by Chinese painting, but this is a Chinese painting painted by foreigners. Therefore, don't confuse "Chinese painting" with China's painting, which are two different concepts. Why is the paper used to draw Chinese painting different from that used to draw other paintings? What pictures have you painted? I don't know if you have noticed that if you draw Chinese painting, that is, painting with brush, ink and rice paper, no matter whether the rice paper you use is thick or thin, the color (ink) always permeates the paper. When you draw on the front, the back of the paper will be colored immediately. So when painting Chinese painting, you must put a blanket or an old newspaper that can absorb water under the drawing paper. The paper used for drawing Chinese paintings is different from ordinary drawing paper. It does not support the color in paper painting, but lets the color dissolve in paper particles. Because the grain, thickness and thickness of paper are different, the amount of water absorbed is also different. Therefore, the paper used for painting Chinese painting can make the same color produce various changes. Artists can choose different papers to draw different effects according to their own paintings. There are many kinds of paper for painting Chinese paintings, but they are generally called "Xuan paper". This is because the most famous place for making this kind of paper is Xuanzhou. For a long time, most papers that draw China, no matter where they are made, are called "Xuan paper". Until today, the ancient paper-making methods are basically used to make Xuan paper, and they are all done by hand. This is done so that the paper will not lose its own characteristics when used. The raw material for making rice paper is plant fiber. Among the materials used in papermaking, bark and bamboo are the most commonly used. If you use bamboo as raw material, you must cut it into strips, peel it off, then soak it in concentrated lime water and cook it for several days and nights. After cooking, rinse it with clear water and you can mash it into pulp-like raw materials; Then pour the raw material slurry into each tank, flatten it with a thin bamboo curtain, and fish it in the water once, and the bamboo curtain will have a thin layer of slurry. After the pulp layer is dried, it is made into rice paper, which is used to draw Chinese paintings. Why do you make all kinds of brushes? Although you can draw all kinds of lines and ink colors with one pen, there are still some restrictions. For example, the size of the pen is a problem, and big strokes and small paintings are always not so suitable. In addition, the size of the pen will affect the water content, and the hardness of the pen will also make the lines and ink colors drawn unique. These are all important reasons why various brushes are needed. According to the needs of painting and calligraphy, there are very thin pens, such as clothing pattern pens that specialize in fine lines such as hook patterns; There are also medium-sized small characters and medium-sized large characters. The former is mostly made of hard animal hair with slender pens, while the latter is generally made of soft animal hair, which can draw rich lines and is also suitable for drawing endless ink colors. There is also a bucket pen specially used to draw large areas of ink. This kind of brush has a thin pen shaft and a thick pen head, which is very convenient to use. Wool and rabbit hair are the most common brush heads. They are called wool brushes and rabbit hair brushes. There is also a wolf brush, but it is not made of wolf's hair, but from weasel's hair. The first two kinds of pens are soft and have high water content, while the latter one is just the opposite. In order to concentrate their advantages, a double-strand brush was specially made, that is, the wolf hair was sandwiched in the pen and the wool or rabbit hair was wrapped outside. It is these brushes with different sizes and hardness that help China painters to create unique Chinese paintings.