When it comes to Egypt, we can't help but mention the famous Cleopatra, the last queen of Ptolemy, who once competed with the legendary hero Caesar. It is this mysterious figure that has made Alexandria brilliant and brought Egypt into an unprecedented heyday.
Cleopatra is undoubtedly the focus of ancient Egypt. With her beauty, this peerless Egyptian not only temporarily saved a dynasty, but also made the powerful emperors of the Roman Empire fall at her feet and willingly serve her. Although Cleopatra's mysterious shadow can always be seen in unofficial history, legends and literary works, there are few cultural relics about her.
make public
The Times once revealed that the beautiful Cleopatra turned out to be a short and fat ugly girl: her height was less than 160 cm, her figure was fat, her neck was full of fat, and her teeth were so rotten that she needed to see a dentist. The National Museum of Britain even exhibited a statue of the Queen of 1 1. These statues look ordinary, without a trace of "beauty", but their faces are well-defined and very rigorous.
Those British people who "discovered" that Cleopatra was not beautiful thought that the legend about Cleopatra's incomparable beauty became more and more bizarre after her death, but in fact, Cleopatra in history was just a queen with a hooked nose, a short and fat mouth and bad teeth.
The new views of the British media were unanimously condemned by the Egyptians, who started a war of words with the "British". Some more emotional Egyptians even linked this incident to Diana's death a few years ago, saying that the British may have deliberately created this car accident to prevent Diana, the former British princess, from falling in love with Dodi, an Egyptian. Because the British are afraid that Diana, the "English beauty", will marry an Egyptian, the British attack on Cleopatra this time is "unkind".
In order to maintain their "beauty image", the Egyptians spared no effort. "Cleopatra's face is exquisite, smooth and full of charm, which is indisputable," said Brufisul, former dean of the School of Cultural Relics at the university. Her straight nose and dignified facial features can't be found among queens in ancient and modern world ... "Dr. Tashi Hawass, director of the Giza Cultural Relics Bureau in Egypt, said:" The British claim that Cleopatra is ugly and obese is groundless. They should visit the Luxor Temple in Egypt. There is a well-preserved relief of Cleopatra in this temple. If Cleopatra is really as ugly as described by British scholars, why are the two Roman generals desperate to fall at her feet? "
Cleopatra is not only deeply loved by Egyptians, but also an eternal topic all over the world. Pascal, a French philosopher, wrote in the Record of Thoughts: "If Cleopatra's nose was shorter, the whole world would change."
A Brief History of Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt
Cleopatra VII (69 BC-30 BC) was the last queen of the Egyptian Ptolemy dynasty, the daughter of Ptolemy Xi, the sister and wife of Ptolemy XII Dionysus, and came to power in 5 1 year BC.
In 48 BC, Cleopatra was deported to Syria, and returned to Egypt the following year with the help of Julius Caesar, who was infatuated with the intelligent and beautiful queen. The queen gave birth to a son named Caesar Lyon. After Caesar was killed, she became Marco Anthony's mistress and married him in 37 BC to support his struggle with Octavian.
In 3 1 BC, Octavian marched into Egypt after the defeat of the Battle of Akhsin. Anthony and Cleopatra were desperate and committed suicide one after another. According to legend, Cleopatra was killed by a poisonous snake. According to the Egyptian concept, this symbolizes immortality.
Cleopatra's Legend of Wisdom
Egyptians insist that Cleopatra is a beauty, and some Egyptian scholars also point out that her wisdom is above beauty. They thought she was "more like a female scholar than a passionate lover." Her first language is Greek, but she can also speak Latin, Hebrew, Aramaic and Egyptian.
"Although Cleopatra is not as beautiful as described in her love story with the Roman general, I'm sure she is extremely clever, and she won't use honey traps to deal with Rome," said Mr. Ji Khazhak, a professor at the Egyptian University of Hallowan.
Dr Ahmed, curator of the Greek-Roman Museum in Alexandria, Egypt, also said: "Cleopatra inherited her father's power at the age of 17. She ruled Egypt with wisdom and rich cultural heritage. The three weapons she used to get along with Roman generals were pungent, smart and gentle. "
However, archaeologists have made an amazing discovery recently. They found the decree signed by Cleopatra and the ancient city where she once lived, which proved that the queen of ancient Egypt relied on wisdom to govern the country far from relying solely on beauty and lust.
( 1)
The discovery of Cleopatra's autographed decree was purely accidental. If the Dutch historian Peter Fannie hadn't been so careful, perhaps no one would have discovered that an ancient Egyptian mummy in the Berlin Museum in Germany hides a huge secret.
This is an ordinary Egyptian mummy in Berlin Museum, so it has been in the museum for over 100 years. It has never attracted the attention of archaeologists or researchers.
When Jane Bigen, a Belgian papyrus scientist, was granted special permission to conduct a comprehensive study of mummies in Berlin, one day he suddenly found an old yellow papyrus in the mummy's cloth. Minnie's heart was pounding. With his first feeling, this is definitely an ancient Egyptian document. When he carefully picked out the 16 inch papyrus from the mummy, his heart beat faster again-the papyrus was full of dense characters, ancient Egyptian characters.
Bigan of Debao invited this precious paper into the special appraisal room. With the help of an ordinary magnifying glass, Beagan recognized this as an official document of the ancient Egyptian dynasty with the date of receipt. It is a great pity that Beagan's research can't wait to publish its results in the authoritative Archaeological Monthly in June+10, 5438, and arbitrarily identified it as an ordinary contract between an Egyptian farmer and Mr. X.
(2)
When Dutch historian Fannie saw this research paper, she immediately noticed something suspicious: judging from the published pictures, this document is by no means a private contract, but an out-and-out document of the ancient Egyptian government. Minnie immediately asked the publishing house for an enlarged photo of this document. When he entered the photo into the computer, Minnie recognized it as a document of the Egyptian palace "within 30 seconds".
Ancient Egyptian historians immediately converted the year when the document was put forward-February 23, 33 BC. Isn't this the Ptolemaic dynasty under Cleopatra VII in 33 BC? Archaeologists started screaming.
The more surprising discovery is yet to come. The contents of the document are obviously handwritten, and from the point of pen power, it seems that it was written by male officials. The specific content of the document is that the King of Egypt promised to give preferential import and export tariffs to General Canidis of the Roman Empire-allowing him to export 10000 bags of wheat to Egypt every year and import 5000 ampoules of fine Egyptian wine duty-free. There is a beautiful word at the end of this document, which is obviously completely different from the font of the document content, and it is obviously female handwriting.
When the word appeared under a professional magnifying glass of 40 times, Minnie lost her voice and exclaimed: When the king of ancient Egypt signed the decree, wasn't genestho the Greek word for consent?
King of Egypt, general of the Roman Empire in 33 BC, signature of a woman-isn't this Cleopatra's autograph?
(3)
Any remains and new sayings about Cleopatra can always attract the attention of the world. It is no wonder that the last queen of Ptolemy dynasty in ancient Egypt, with her legendary peerless beauty and love affairs with heroes such as Caesar and Anthony, once inspired the rich imagination of poets, writers, painters and artists of all ages, such as Dante's Hell and Shakespeare's Caesar the Great. They all described her as an "unparalleled sensual temptress"; Bernard Shaw also called her "a willful and selfless woman". However, there are also historical records that her beauty is "not outstanding or amazing". Some archaeologists joked: "If her nose is not so high, I am afraid that world history will be rewritten." In the Hollywood blockbuster Cleopatra, Cleopatra is portrayed as using her own color to lure Caesar to fall at her feet and help her defeat her own brother to the throne. After Caesar was assassinated, she attracted Anthony to work for him. However, things did not develop according to people's wishes. Anthony's behavior aroused the anger of Roman citizens. After being completely defeated in the battle with the Romans, Cleopatra saw that the tide was gone and had to bite her chest with a poisonous snake to commit suicide. She is only 38 years old.
(4)
It is precisely because Cleopatra has such a legendary color that any discovery of her historical relics has caused a worldwide sensation, especially in the field of archaeology. After the news that Cleopatra signed the decree came out, the world archaeological community was excited. Archaeologists who deeply admire the academic level of Dutch historian Minnie in the British Museum are convinced that the manuscript discovered by Minnie is definitely Cleopatra's signature, because Minnie's research has never been missed. Susan Volcker, deputy director of the Greek and Roman Antiques Museum of the British Museum, said with great certainty: "This must be Cleopatra's autograph, because the contents of the document can be traced back to 33 BC, which is the only handwriting left by Cleopatra VII." Volcker further analyzed that this handwritten document is not only a government document, but also a concrete embodiment of Cleopatra's political skills.
(5)
According to the historical facts recorded by Plutarch, a famous biographer and essayist in ancient Greece, in his masterpiece Comparative Biographies of Celebrities in Greece and Rome, "Cleopatra longed for Anthony's asylum after Caesar's death, but met with a soft nail. As a result, Cleopatra immediately turned his main attack direction to Canidis, Anthony's most effective general, and finally bribed the influential Rome Prize. Canidis later persuaded Anthony to agree to shelter Cleopatra, and Anthony fell into Cleopatra's gentle trap. " Although Plutarch has made everything colorful, historians and archaeologists have never found conclusive evidence that may prove these historical facts. Cleopatra's autographed document found this time is conclusive evidence that Cleopatra bought off the general of the Roman Empire.
However, two years later, in 3 1 BC, Canidis joined the crusaders against Cleopatra and Anthony. The commander-in-chief of the Roman army joined forces with the maritime forces commanded by Augustus to defeat Cleopatra and her lover Anthony.
Alain Bowman, another ancient Egyptian historian, said: "The discovery of this document shows that Cleopatra never defended her country and her throne just by virtue of her beauty. The skills she uses are no different from those when we deal with international relations now. This is the true embodiment of Cleopatra's beauty and wisdom. " In fact, during Cleopatra's reign, ancient Egypt was still very prosperous. At the beginning of this year, when American archaeologist Godiet and his Egyptian colleagues dived into the seabed near Alexandria, they saw block after block and statue after statue, which was the love nest built by Cleopatra and her last lover, Mike Antony * * *-Alexander. It is the marine explorer Frank Gaudiert and his archaeological expedition that brought this legendary ancient royal city back to life. Their amazing discovery proves that the history of ancient Egypt is still prosperous, and of course it also proves that Cleopatra is not only a beautiful queen, but also a talented queen.
Cleopatra didn't kill anyone because she was invisible. It was through study that she gained her favor.
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March 2005 Information Times
An English scholar pointed out that Cleopatra has always been regarded as a seductive woman who lured men to fall, but in the eyes of medieval Arab scholars, she conquered people's hearts with her outstanding mind, and she was a highly respected university expert, involving everything from alchemy and philosophy to mathematics and urban planning.
Dali, an ancient Egyptian scientist at University College London, pointed out in her new book that Cleopatra's story of seducing Julius Caesar and Antonio, the ancient Roman commanders, is a household name, but Arab scholars in the Middle Ages never mentioned that she killed people with invisible beauty.
On the contrary, I admire her impressive academic achievements. The court of the Queen of Egypt is a place for academic research, not a trap for her blinking and material temptation.
Dali pointed out that Arabic literature respects her as a noble scholar, and her scientific works are very representative. At the same time, she was a great engineer, digging canals to bring Nile water into Alexandria. What Dali means is that Cleopatra is not "amazing" by modern standards. She was able to deal with the Roman monarch, which proved that she relied on the connotation of wisdom, not the pleasing appearance.
Dali believes that scholars despise the classics of medieval Arab scholars and think that they are limited to science and engineering, but in fact they involve a wide range, and sex is also a research topic. With the deepening of western scholars' understanding of Arabic, these research treasures are gradually known.
Give Cleopatra an innocent name.
-
Sichuan Online (2002-11-20 8: 38: 45) Source: Dongfang.com.
Among many famous women in history, Cleopatra is undoubtedly a focus. With her beauty, this peerless Egyptian not only temporarily saved a dynasty, but also made the powerful emperors of the Roman Empire fall at her feet and willingly serve her. Although Cleopatra's mysterious shadow can always be seen in unofficial history, legends and literary works, there are few cultural relics about her.
However, archaeologists have made an amazing discovery recently. They found the decree signed by Cleopatra and the ancient city where she once lived, which proved that the queen of ancient Egypt relied on wisdom to govern the country far from relying solely on beauty and lust.
( 1)
The discovery of Cleopatra's autographed decree was purely accidental. If the Dutch historian Peter Fannie hadn't been so careful, perhaps no one would have discovered that an ancient Egyptian mummy in the Berlin Museum in Germany hides a huge secret.
This is an ordinary Egyptian mummy in Berlin Museum, so it has been in the museum for over 100 years. It has never attracted the attention of archaeologists or researchers.
When Jane Bigen, a Belgian papyrus scientist, was granted special permission to conduct a comprehensive study of mummies in Berlin, one day he suddenly found an old yellow papyrus in the mummy's cloth. Minnie's heart was pounding. With his first feeling, this is definitely an ancient Egyptian document. When he carefully picked out the 16 inch papyrus from the mummy, his heart beat faster again-papyrus was full of dense words, and ancient Egyptian words were like treasures. Beagan invited this precious piece of paper into a special appraisal room. With the help of an ordinary magnifying glass, Beagan recognized this as an official document of the ancient Egyptian dynasty with the date of receipt. It is a great pity that Beagan's research can't wait to publish its results in the authoritative Archaeological Monthly in June+10, 5438, and arbitrarily identified it as an ordinary contract between a farmer and a gentleman in Egypt.
(2)
When Dutch historian Fannie saw this research paper, she immediately noticed something suspicious: judging from the published pictures, this document is by no means a private contract, but an out-and-out document of the ancient Egyptian government. Minnie immediately asked the publishing house for an enlarged photo of this document. When he entered the photo into the computer, Minnie recognized it as a document of the Egyptian palace "within 30 seconds".
Ancient Egyptian historians immediately converted the year when the document was put forward-February 23, 33 BC. Isn't this the Ptolemaic dynasty under Cleopatra VII in 33 BC? Archaeologists started screaming.
The more surprising discovery is yet to come. The contents of the document are obviously handwritten, and from the point of pen power, it seems that it was written by male officials. The specific content of the document is that the King of Egypt promised to give preferential import and export tariffs to General Canidis of the Roman Empire-allowing him to export 10000 bags of wheat to Egypt duty-free every year and import 5000 ampoules of fine Egyptian wine. There is a beautiful word at the end of this document, which is obviously completely different from the font of the document content, and it is obviously female handwriting.
When the word appeared under a professional magnifying glass of 40 times, Minnie lost her voice and exclaimed: When the king of ancient Egypt signed the decree, wasn't genestho the Greek word for consent?
King of Egypt, general of the Roman Empire in 33 BC, signature of a woman-isn't this Cleopatra's autograph?
(3)
Any remains and new sayings about Cleopatra can always attract the attention of the world. It is no wonder that the last queen of Ptolemy dynasty in ancient Egypt, with her legendary peerless beauty and love affairs with heroes such as Caesar and Anthony, once inspired the rich imagination of poets, writers, painters and artists of all ages, such as Dante's Hell and Shakespeare's Caesar the Great. They all described her as an "unparalleled sensual temptress"; Bernard Shaw also called her "a willful and selfless woman". However, there are also historical records that her beauty is "not outstanding or amazing". Some archaeologists joked: "If her nose is not so high, I am afraid that world history will be rewritten." In the Hollywood blockbuster Cleopatra, Cleopatra is portrayed as using her own color to lure Caesar to fall at her feet and help her defeat her own brother to the throne. After Caesar was assassinated, she attracted Anthony to work for him. However, things did not develop according to people's wishes. Anthony's behavior aroused the anger of Roman citizens. After being completely defeated in the battle with the Romans, Cleopatra saw that the tide was gone and had to bite her chest with a poisonous snake to commit suicide. She is only 38 years old.
(4)
It is precisely because Cleopatra has such a legendary color that any discovery of her historical relics has caused a worldwide sensation, especially in the field of archaeology. After the news that Cleopatra signed the decree came out, the world archaeological community was excited. Archaeologists who deeply admire the academic level of Dutch historian Minnie in the British Museum are convinced that the manuscript discovered by Minnie is definitely Cleopatra's signature, because Minnie's research has never been missed. Susan Volcker, deputy director of the Greek and Roman Antiques Museum of the British Museum, said with great certainty: "This must be Cleopatra's autograph, because the contents of the document can be traced back to 33 BC, which is the only handwriting left by Cleopatra VII." Volcker further analyzed that this handwritten document is not only a government document, but also a concrete embodiment of Cleopatra's political skills.
(5)
According to the historical facts recorded by Plutarch, a famous biographer and essayist in ancient Greece, in his masterpiece Comparative Biographies of Celebrities in Greece and Rome, "Cleopatra longed for Anthony's asylum after Caesar's death, but met with a soft nail. Therefore, Cleopatra immediately turned his main attack direction to Antony's most effective general Canidis, and finally bribed the influential Roman general. Canidis later persuaded Anthony to agree to shelter Cleopatra, and Anthony fell into Cleopatra's gentle trap. " Although Plutarch has made everything colorful, historians and archaeologists have never found conclusive evidence that may prove these historical facts. Cleopatra's autographed document found this time is conclusive evidence that Cleopatra bought off the general of the Roman Empire.
However, two years later, in 3 1 BC, Canidis joined the crusaders against Cleopatra and Anthony. The commander-in-chief of the Roman army joined forces with the maritime forces commanded by Augustus to defeat Cleopatra and her lover Anthony.
Alain Bowman, another ancient Egyptian historian, said: "The discovery of this document shows that Cleopatra never defended her country and her throne just by virtue of her beauty. The skills she uses are no different from those when we deal with international relations now. This is the true embodiment of Cleopatra's beauty and wisdom. " In fact, during Cleopatra's reign, ancient Egypt was still very prosperous. At the beginning of this year, when American archaeologist Godiet and his Egyptian colleagues dived into the seabed near Alexandria, they saw block after block and statue after statue, which was the love nest built by Cleopatra and her last lover, Mike Antony * * *-Alexander. It is the marine explorer Frank Gaudiert and his archaeological expedition that brought this legendary ancient royal city back to life. Their amazing discovery proves that the history of ancient Egypt is still prosperous. Of course, this also proves that Cleopatra is not only a beautiful queen, but also a talented queen.
References:
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