1, Airbus A320
The A320 project was officially launched in March. 1982. The first model is A320-100. 1987 made its first flight on February 22nd, and 1988 obtained the airworthiness certificate and put it into use in March. 1994 A32 1 put into use, 1996 A3 19 put into use, and A3 18 put into use in 2003.
At first, an Air France A320 crashed during an air show, which was its first public flight after its debut, and three passengers died (Air France Flight 296 accident). The accident was caused by the design defect of the fly-by-wire control system of the aircraft.
The investigation shows that there are still a lot of unresolved problems in the avionics system of A320, but with the maturity and perfection of aircraft technology, the impact of the accident gradually fades away, which will no longer affect its excellent reputation.
With the first A3 18 aircraft joining the Air France fleet, Air France became the first airline to operate all Airbus A320 series aircraft.
By the end of 2008, Airbus A320 series, including A320, A32 1, A3 19 and A3 18, had produced more than 3,000 aircraft, making it the second best-selling jetliner in history after Boeing 737.
2. Boeing 737
(1) Early design
Boeing 737 is scheduled to be launched at 1964, and the cross section of the nose and fuselage is Boeing 707/ Boeing 727. The fuselage can accommodate six seats in one row. Boeing 737 is the product of the "Baby" Boeing airliner project which started in May 1964+0 1. It is characterized by a conventional layout with the engine under the wing.
Adopt swept down single wing; Two Pratt & Whitney JT8D turbofan engines under the wing were loaded in the engine compartment after losing weight; The tail consists of a swept vertical tail and a lower horizontal tail.
737- 100 was originally conceived as a small-capacity short-haul airliner with only 65 to 80 seats. However, at the insistence of Lufthansa, the first customer, the design capacity of 737- 100 was upgraded to 100.
The prototype of 1967 made its first test flight on April 9, 1967, 12 and 15, and the first 737- 100 aircraft was delivered to Lufthansa on February 28, 1967.
737- 100 is not popular in the market, only 30 aircraft have been produced. Boeing introduced the extended fuselage model 737-200 at 1967 to meet the demand of American market. The 737-200 series was very popular in the market, and the total output reached 1 1 14, and it was not stopped until 1988.
(2) Improvement projects
198 1 year, Boeing decided to continue to design the improved model of the 737 series. The 737-300 was introduced in 1984, slightly longer than the 737-200, and the modern cockpit design of Boeing 757 and 767 was applied. The cabin design originated from Boeing 757, 102-6544. 737-400 is an extension of 737-300, with a passenger capacity of 150- 180.
737-500 is a shortened model of 737-300 with a long cruising range and the number of seats is 104- 132. This series of Boeing 737 was discontinued in 2000.
(3) New generation projects
In order to cope with the competition of Airbus A320, Boeing launched the new generation 737 project (formerly known as 737-ng, NG is the abbreviation of the next generation) in 1993, and officially put it into use in 1998.
1993165438+1October, Boeing started the Boeing 737-700 project, taking 737-700 as the basic model and directly replacing 737-300. At that time, the startup user Southwest Airlines ordered 63 aircraft. The first aircraft was put into operation in 1997 and 65438+February.
1September 5, 994, the Boeing 737-800 project started. 737-800 is an extended fuselage model of 737-700, which directly replaces 737-400. At that time, the customer planned to order 40 planes. The first plane was delivered to Harpag-Leoid in the spring of 1998.
1995 March 15, Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) ordered 35 planes, becoming the start-up users of Boeing 737-600. 737-600 is a shortened model of 737-700. The first Boeing 737-600 was delivered to Scandinavian Airlines in the third quarter of 1998.
1997165438+1October 10, Alaska Airlines ordered 10 737-900 aircraft and became the start-up user of Boeing 737-900. 737-900 is the longest model of the new generation 737. 200 1 start delivery.
Boeing 737-900ER (extended range model) is a derivative of 737-900. Compared with 737-900, Boeing 737-900ER has stronger transport capacity and longer range. When it started construction on July 18, 2005, it won an order for 30 planes from Indonesian lion air, and the first plane will be delivered in 2007.
On June 3, 2006, 365438+1October 3 1 day, the 737-700ER (extended range) project was launched, and the order for two ANA aircraft was obtained from the beginning. This model is derived from Boeing business jet and designed for long-range civil flight. It is the longest range aircraft in the 737 series.
Second, the difference of design characteristics:
1, Airbus A320
(1) avionics system
Airbus A320 series adheres to the principle of "winning by innovation" in design, and adopts advanced design and production technology, new structural materials and advanced digital airborne electronic equipment. Composite materials are widely used as the main structural materials.
(2) Bearing capacity
A320 series has the most spacious fuselage in the single-aisle aircraft market, and this optimized fuselage section sets a new standard for cabin flexibility. By widening the seat, the maximum comfort is provided; For low-cost markets that need rapid turnover, wider channels are very important.
(3)*** overall design
The Airbus 320 series includes four basic models: A320 with a seat of 150, A32 with a seat of 186, A3 with a seat of19 and A3 18 with a seat of 107. These four models of cockpit have the same basic configuration.
It has the same cockpit, the same flight operating procedures, the same cabin part and the same system. Pilots can fly the above four different passenger planes as long as they receive the same flight training. At the same time, this universal design also reduces the maintenance cost and the inventory of spare air materials, which greatly enhances the flexibility of airlines.
(4) benefits
A320 series aircraft benefit from the unique advantages of Airbus interoperability. Airbus has introduced a series of enhanced aircraft systems to improve overall reliability and reduce maintenance and spare parts costs.
(5) Management system
Airbus also uses a dynamic capacity management system in this series of aircraft, which gives operators great flexibility in using suitable aircraft to meet specific route requirements.
2. Boeing 737
(1) structural design
Boeing 737 used as many parts and components as possible in its initial design to reduce the production cost and price. The engine nacelle is installed at 35% of the half span. Although the engine nacelle is close to the ground, according to the streamline analysis of the front wheel lift when landing, foreign objects are not easy to enter the engine intake. The fuselage adopts aluminum alloy semi-hard shell structure.
(2) Wing design
Boeing 737 wing adopts cantilever middle wing. Due to the short range, low cruising speed and altitude, the aircraft adopts a large wing loading (500 kg/m2) and a small sweep angle. The aspect ratio is 8.83, the chord grazing angle is 25//4, and the average relative thickness is 12.89%. The engine nacelle has Kruger leading edge flaps inside and three leading edge slats outside.
(3) Power supply design
Two engines are suspended under the wing of Boeing 737. 737- 100/-200, the earliest model, initially used turbojet engine, 737-200 can be equipped with low bypass ratio turbofan engine such as JT8D, with a single thrust of 71.2 kN (7260 kg);
The 737-300/-400/-500 adopts Gao Han DOE turbofan engine and is equipped with two CFM56 turbofan engines, each with a thrust of about 88.97 kN(907 1kg). Improve economy and reduce noise level.
(4) cabin design
The cabin of the new generation 737 adopts the design of Boeing 777 aircraft, and the smoother curved ceiling of the new generation 737 cabin enhances the overall cabin environment.
It has a fully digital cockpit, the dashboard adopts the latest large display screen and the flexible interior of Boeing 737-300/-400/-500.
Continuing to be applied to Boeing 737-600/-700/-800/-900, airlines can change the cabin layout from 5 seats in business class to 6 seats in economy class in a very short time, which is convenient for changing the cabin layout.
Third, the difference between the main models:
1, Airbus A320
Airbus A320 series aircraft adopt general design, including smaller (A3 19), smaller (A3 18) or larger (A32 1). Technically, "A320" only refers to the original medium-sized passenger plane, but it often refers to the whole A320 series, including A36538.
2. Boeing 737
737- 100, 737-200, 737-300, 737-400, 737-500, 737-600, 737-700, 737-800, 737-900, Boeing.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Airbus A320
Baidu Encyclopedia-Boeing 737