At that time, their instant communication on the Internet almost became a personal "toy", and they also set up a small company called Mirabilis to provide ICQ services for all registered users. Later, AOL bought ICQ for $287 million. In May, 1998, the number of users has exceeded 1 100 million, with an average of1100,000 users online every day, and the average online time of each user is three hours.
1999, a large number of online instant messaging software imitating ICQ emerged in China, such as the earliest Picq, Ricq, Ticq(TQ), Qicq, Micq, PCicq, Oicq, OMMO, etc. Sina, Netease and Sohu have also developed similar software, such as UC of Sina and Bubble of Netease. OICQ, the predecessor of QQ, was first launched in February of 1999.
QQ can stand out among so many online instant messaging software, and eventually all other competitors are buried, accounting for more than 74% of the online instant messaging software market in China, half by strength and half by luck. History of Tencent QQ development [edit this paragraph]1998165438+10/2, Ma and Zhang Zhidong, a college classmate, formally registered as "Shenzhen Tencent Computer System Co., Ltd.".
At that time, the company's main business was to expand the wireless network paging system. At the beginning of the company's establishment, its main business was to establish an online paging system for paging stations. This kind of software development project for enterprises or units can be said to be the best choice for almost all small and medium-sized network service companies.
1997, Ma came into contact with ICQ and became its user. He personally felt the charm of ICQ, and also saw its limitations: first, the English interface, and second, it is quite difficult to use, which makes ICQ widely used in China, but it is not particularly popular, and most of them are limited to "net-worm" level masters. At first, Ma and his partner wanted to develop a Chinese ICQ software and sell it to a powerful enterprise. At that time, Tencent didn't want to run an ICQ in China that needed huge investment but couldn't make any money.
At that time, it was because a large enterprise intended to invest a lot of money in the field of Chinese ICQ. Tencent also wrote a project construction book and began to develop and design OICQ. When bidding, Tencent didn't win the bid. As a result, Tencent decided to do OICQ by itself. You know, at that time, Tencent gave OICQ a price of more than 300,000.
Later, when Tencent began to develop rapidly, Ma said in a timely manner: "We need our own Chinese network software, and we need our own ICQ!" But in fact, Tencent's launch of OICQ is purely accidental. If that big company didn't plan to invest in ICQ in China, there wouldn't be OICQ. If Tencent wins the bid, there will be no OICQ of Tencent. Tencent's success is partly luck and partly strength. Many people have been questioning why QQ, which is not particularly good in function, can dominate the crowd and finally almost monopolize the online instant messaging software market in China. Yes, from the functional point of view, QQ has always been nothing special, but compared with other online instant messaging software, it is nothing special. Everyone imitates ICQ.
However, the success of QQ lies not in its powerful functions, but in its reasonable interface design and simple user operation. Compared with other online instant messaging software of QQ's contemporaries, such as Sina Pager and OMMO, their functions were not weaker than QQ at first, especially OMMO, which introduced many functions much stronger than QQ as soon as it came out, such as email and network hard disk. Too many functions make users feel that the operation is cumbersome. 1February, 1999, Tencent launched the first beta version of OICQ on the Internet. Its functions are very simple, including simple online instant messaging, but its interface design is very commendable. In fact, although Tencent has launched more than a dozen versions of QQ software so far, its interface has not changed, which shows that the interface design of Tencent OICQ software is very reasonable from the beginning.
This makes Tencent's OICQ registered users reach more than 200,000 in just two months. Although this is only less than the number of newly registered users of Tencent, it was a considerable figure at that time. In the following months, Tencent launched OICQ 99a, adding public chat rooms, file transfer, wireless paging, SMS, voice chat and so on. The launch of OICQ 99a established Tencent's leading position in the online instant messaging market in China. By the end of 1999, the registered users of OICQ reached an unprecedented 1300, with an average of 65438 online users.
Surprisingly, after Tencent added so many functions, OICQ's interface remained unchanged. In fact, OICQ has won by this time, and the characteristics of online instant software determine the Matthew effect in this market. It's like two cities. The more prosperous people are willing to go, the more prosperous the city will be, and the more barren the city will be.
By 2000, Tencent's OICQ had basically occupied more than 90% of China's online instant messaging market, which basically sealed the victory. At this time, trouble came. AOL sent a lawyer's letter to Tencent. ICQ is a registered trademark of AOL, so any similar software that uses the word ICQ in its name risks infringing AOL's trademark rights.
Ask Tencent to change the name of OICQ, or go to court. Therefore, in version 0325 of OICQ 2000 Build, OICQ made another change to protect itself in advance, but version 0325 called itself "QQ2000" from the beginning of the installation file to avoid legal conflict with ICQ.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of MSN and qq? Introduction to QQ [Edit this paragraph] QQ is mainly developed and produced by QQ website engineers, using the most advanced network system at present. 1in the summer of 996, three young people from Israel got together and decided to develop a software to make full use of the characteristics of instant messaging on the Internet to realize rapid and direct communication between people, which led to the design idea of ICQ.
At that time, their instant communication on the Internet almost became a personal "toy", and they also set up a small company called Mirabilis to provide ICQ services for all registered users. Later, AOL bought ICQ for $287 million. In May, 1998, the number of users has exceeded 1 100 million, with an average of1100,000 users online every day, and the average online time of each user is three hours.
1999, a large number of online instant messaging software imitating ICQ emerged in China, such as the earliest Picq, Ricq, Ticq(TQ), Qicq, Micq, PCicq, Oicq, OMMO, etc. Sina, Netease and Sohu have also developed similar software, such as UC of Sina and Bubble of Netease. OICQ, the predecessor of QQ, was first launched in February of 1999.
QQ can stand out among so many online instant messaging software, and eventually all other competitors are buried, accounting for more than 74% of the online instant messaging software market in China, half by strength and half by luck. History of Tencent QQ development [edit this paragraph]1998165438+10/2, Ma and Zhang Zhidong, a college classmate, formally registered as "Shenzhen Tencent Computer System Co., Ltd.".
At that time, the company's main business was to expand the wireless network paging system. At the beginning of the company's establishment, its main business was to establish an online paging system for paging stations. This kind of software development project for enterprises or units can be said to be the best choice for almost all small and medium-sized network service companies.
1997, Ma came into contact with ICQ and became its user. He personally felt the charm of ICQ, and also saw its limitations: first, the English interface, and second, it is quite difficult to use, which makes ICQ widely used in China, but it is not particularly popular, and most of them are limited to "net-worm" level masters. At first, Ma and his partner wanted to develop a Chinese ICQ software and sell it to a powerful enterprise. At that time, Tencent didn't want to run an ICQ in China that needed huge investment but couldn't make any money.
At that time, it was because a large enterprise intended to invest a lot of money in the field of Chinese ICQ. Tencent also wrote a project construction book and began to develop and design OICQ. When bidding, Tencent didn't win the bid. As a result, Tencent decided to do OICQ by itself. You know, at that time, Tencent gave OICQ a price of more than 300,000.
Later, when Tencent began to develop rapidly, Ma said in a timely manner: "We need our own Chinese network software, and we need our own ICQ!" But in fact, Tencent's launch of OICQ is purely accidental. If that big company didn't plan to invest in ICQ in China, there wouldn't be OICQ. If Tencent wins the bid, there will be no OICQ of Tencent. Tencent's success is partly luck and partly strength. Many people have been questioning why QQ, which is not particularly good in function, can dominate the crowd and finally almost monopolize the online instant messaging software market in China. Yes, from the functional point of view, QQ has always been nothing special, but compared with other online instant messaging software, it is nothing special. Everyone imitates ICQ.
However, the success of QQ lies not in its powerful functions, but in its reasonable interface design and simple user operation. Compared with other online instant messaging software of QQ's contemporaries, such as Sina Pager and OMMO, their functions were not weaker than QQ at first, especially OMMO, which introduced many functions much stronger than QQ as soon as it came out, such as email and network hard disk. Too many functions make users feel that the operation is cumbersome. 1February, 1999, Tencent launched the first beta version of OICQ on the Internet. Its functions are very simple, including simple online instant messaging, but its interface design is very commendable. In fact, although Tencent has launched more than a dozen versions of QQ software so far, its interface has not changed, which shows that the interface design of Tencent OICQ software is very reasonable from the beginning.
This makes Tencent's OICQ registered users reach more than 200,000 in just two months. Although this is only less than the number of newly registered users of Tencent, it was a considerable figure at that time. In the following months, Tencent launched OICQ 99a, adding public chat rooms, file transfer, wireless paging, SMS, voice chat and so on. The launch of OICQ 99a established Tencent's leading position in the online instant messaging market in China. By the end of 1999, the registered users of OICQ reached an unprecedented 1300, with an average of 65438 online users.
Surprisingly, after Tencent added so many functions, OICQ's interface remained unchanged. In fact, OICQ has won by this time, and the characteristics of online instant software determine the Matthew effect in this market. It's like two cities. The more prosperous people are willing to go, the more prosperous the city will be, and the more barren the city will be.
By 2000, Tencent's OICQ had basically occupied more than 90% of China's online instant messaging market, which basically sealed the victory. At this time, trouble came. AOL sent a lawyer's letter to Tencent. ICQ is a registered trademark of AOL, so any similar software that uses the word ICQ in its name risks infringing AOL's trademark rights.
Ask Tencent to change the name of OICQ, or go to court. Therefore, in version 0325 of OICQ 2000 Build, OICQ made another self-protection change in advance, but version 0325 called itself "QQ2000" from the installation file to avoid conflict with ICQ.
China's international status: China's international status is certainly improving. * * and the outstanding performance of the people of the whole country in earthquake relief fully embodies the cohesion of the Chinese nation and has also been well received by the international community. Needless to say, the Olympic Games is a good opportunity for China to show itself to the whole world. China has also been affected by the financial crisis, but it is much better than western countries. In addition, * * * also distributed 4 trillion RMB for domestic consumption, which expanded domestic demand and further alleviated the impact of the financial crisis. In addition, the financial crisis is bound to change the international economic system, and the position of developing countries like China in economic globalization will be improved, which is good for China. Need I say more about Sino-Japanese relations? Sarkozy's behavior is totally asking for trouble. It is normal that the faster China develops, the more the western countries look down upon it.
In short, the international situation in China is still good, so we should have confidence in our motherland! .
It is difficult to have an accurate and convincing answer to the question of how much position Ronaldo can rank in the history of world football after his retirement, because there are a thousand Hamlets in the eyes of a thousand people. Although this comparison is interesting in itself, it is difficult to have a unified answer.
Messi fans, of course, think Messi is the first in history. They can cite many examples, such as the Golden Globe Award, the Champions League, the Barcelona Dream Team, and the unique football championship of the year. Messi's team will also give their reasons. All the honors of the system players are embodied in the Barcelona system. The national team has never been able to lead the team to the top of the world on its own, as diego maradona did in those years.
Cristiano Ronaldo's fans, the most perfect shooting machine in their eyes must be Cristiano Ronaldo, and the reason is also very good. They scored more than 50 goals for more than five consecutive seasons, and the five major leagues in European football were once in a century, and the club won a grand slam. There are also many reasons for the fans of Black Ronaldo to refute. They are selfish on the court. If they are strong, they are strong. If you are weak, brush the data of the weak team (James lies down and steals, faints in the toilet), and the national team is also unsatisfactory.
In fact, in the past ten seasons, Cristiano Ronaldo and Messi have basically dominated the major awards in European football and even the world football. It can be said that the strength of the top five in the new century is no problem. In the whole historical process, compared with epic football stars, except for the record of the national team, it has already been the top five in the world. By the end of the 20 15-20 16 season (excluding the ongoing America's Cup European Cup), Messi Cristiano Ronaldo's appearance data are as follows:
Messi: Except for height, other dribbling, passing, shooting and coordination are top-notch. 8 La Liga, 4 Champions League, 5 Golden Globes, 4 Golden Boots in La Liga, 5 Golden Boots in Champions League,
C Ronaldo: Perfect shooting machine, 3 Premier League matches, 1 La Liga, 3 Champions League matches, 5 Champions League Golden Boots and 4 European Golden Boots.
Bailey: Together with beckenbauer, he won the FIFA Player of the Century, which established his status as a Jianghu player. Career goal 1000 or above, the great cause of three World Cups, C Ronaldo Messi will never catch up.
Diego Diego Maradona: Single-handedly brought Argentina to the top of the world, five South American footballers, 1 World Cup, the best athlete in the 20th century.
Beckenbauer: As a player, he has won 3 Champions League, 5 Bundesliga, 1 European Cup, 1 World Cup and 2 European Golden Globe Awards. As a coach, he won the Champions League, the World Cup and a real football grand slam.
C Ronaldo: three-time World Footballer of the Year, two European Golden Globe Awards, 1 South American Footballer of the Year, two America's Cups and two World Cups.
1. Since the world football entered the 1990s, the imbalance between European and American football at the club level has become more and more obvious. Under the European Jinyuan offensive, top and first-line stars have been searching for gold in the European continent, and traditional South American football has become the star training base of European football.
2. With the popularization of TV broadcasting and the commercialization of the five major European league mechanisms, especially the Champions League, the status of European club events in football matches is becoming more and more important, and the influence of European football stars is growing.
3. High-quality first-line stars are more and more concentrated in several big clubs, and the European events of clubs are more and more monopolized by big clubs, which leads to the team honor and personal honor being more and more concentrated on a few stars, especially Cristiano Ronaldo and Messi. Look at the teammates around you. C Ronaldo has attack combinations such as BBC, modric, Klose and J Ronaldo. Messi is even more terrible. In the early days, he was surrounded by Ibrahimovic, Eto 'o and Henry, followed by Harvey and Iniesta, and now he is the top three stars in South America. This also led to Real Madrid Barcelona winning five European Champions Cups in the 7-8 season.
4. Even comparing the stars in history, there were bobby charlton, Sebbio, Pele, cruyff, beckenbauer and Diego Maradona in the early days, and Cristiano Ronaldo, Zidane and romario in the modern times. Realizing the honor of the national team and the club is a direct threat to Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo's top five in history.
In short, regarding the club data, especially the goal data at the club level, both Cristiano Ronaldo and Messi can reach the top five in history after retiring. However, a comprehensive comparison of their historical position and strength, especially the shortcomings of intercontinental and world competitions, still requires efforts to rank in the top five. I hope that when they retire, our fans can proudly announce that the top five stars in history have grown up slowly.
What is the history of Microsoft? Microsoft is the pioneer of global PC software development, with Bill Gates as its core.
The operating system software MS-DOS developed by Microsoft in 198 1 has been used on hundreds of millions of IBM-PCs and their compatible computers. But with the growing strength of Microsoft, Microsoft and IBM have become competitors in many ways.
199 1 year, IBM and Apple dissolved their cooperation with Microsoft, but the cooperation between IBM and Microsoft never stopped, and the two companies maintained a complex relationship of competition and cooperation. Microsoft products include file system software (MS-DOS and Xenix), operating environment software (Windows series), application software MS-Office, multimedia and computer games, computer-related books and CD-ROM products.
1992, the company acquired Fox Company and entered the database software market. 1975 19 Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard University to sell basic programming books with his high school alumnus paul allen.
When Gates was still studying at Harvard University, they used to compile languages for MITS Altair. Later, Gates and Allen moved to Albuquerque and founded Microsoft in a local hotel room.
1979, MITS went bankrupt, and Microsoft continued to develop mainly by modifying its basic procedures. From 65438 to 0977, Microsoft moved to Bellevue, where it developed PC programming software.
1980, IBM chose Microsoft to write key operating system software for its new PC, which was a major turning point in the company's development. Due to the tight time and complicated program, Microsoft spent $50,000 to buy the right to use an operating system from Seattle programmer Patterson, and then rewritten it into disk operating system software (MS-DOS).
At present, the company has branches in more than 60 countries, and the number of employees worldwide is close to 44,000. The popularity of IBM-PC makes MS-DOS a great success, because other PC manufacturers want to be compatible with IBM.
MS-DOS was authorized by many companies, so it became the standard operating system of PC in 1980s. By 1984, Microsoft's sales exceeded 1 billion dollars.
Subsequently, Microsoft continued to develop software for computers of IBM, Apple and Radio Equipment Company, but after 9 1 year, due to conflicts of interest, IBM and Apple had turned against Microsoft. From 65438 to 0983, paul allen left Microsoft because of Hodgkin's disease, and later set up his own company.
Allen owns 65,438+05% shares in Microsoft and still attends the board meeting. 1986, the company went public.
Gates kept 45% of the company's shares, which made him the first billionaire in 1987 personal computer industry. In 1996, his total personal assets have exceeded1800 million dollars.
1997 reached $34 billion. 1998 broke through the 50 billion mark and became the richest man in the world. Microsoft's flagship product, Windows 98/NT/2000/ME/XP/Server 2003, has successfully occupied the vast market from PC to commercial workstations and even servers, bringing huge profits to Microsoft. The company also came from behind in the field of internet software and seized a lot of market share.
There is a saying in the IT software industry: "Never do what Microsoft wants to do". Visible Microsoft's great potential has penetrated into all aspects of the software industry, pervasive and invincible.
Microsoft's great influence has brought great pressure to its software peers, putting itself in the position of defendant in anti-monopoly law. Even Intel, a reliable partner for many years, turned against each other and took it to court.
200 1 September, in view of the economic downturn, the United States * * * intends to revive the American information industry and refuses to split Microsoft. At this point, this case against Microsoft's anti-monopoly law has come to an end.
Microsoft's organizational structure support companies include the following core business groups: Personal Service Group (PSG): led by Bob Muglia, vice president of the group, dedicated to providing more convenient online connections for individual users and enterprise users, and providing software services for various devices. PSG includes individuals from Microsoft. NET initiative, service platform department, mobile group, MSN's Internet access service, user equipment group and user interface platform department.
MSN and personal service business group: led by Yusuf Mehdi, vice president, responsible for the network program development, business development and global marketing and sales of MSN and other Microsoft services, including: MSN eshop, MSN Carpoint, MSN Home Advisor, MSNBC Venture Capital, Slate and MSNTV platform business group. Under the leadership of Jim Allchin, vice president of the Group, he is responsible for constantly improving all aspects of the Windows platform-for example, making storage, communication, message notification, * * * enjoying images and listening to music a natural extension of the Windows experience. In addition, this group includes. NET enterprise server group, development tools department and Windows digital media department.
Office and business services group: led by Jeff Raikes, vice president of the group, is responsible for developing applications and services to improve productivity and business processes. This work includes gradually transforming the fully functional and powerful Microsoft Office into a service-based product.
In addition to the office department, the business tools department, including the business application departments of bCentral and Great Plains, will belong to this department. Global sales, marketing and service group: led by Orlando Ayala, vice president of the group, it integrates Microsoft's sales and service partners to meet the needs of Microsoft users all over the world.
These users include: enterprise users, small and medium-sized institutions, educational institutions, program developers and individual users. In addition, the group also includes Microsoft product support services, network solutions group, enterprise partner group, marketing organization and Microsoft business organizations in three major regions around the world.
Microsoft Research Institute (MSR): led by Rick Rashid, Senior Vice President, is responsible for putting forward creative suggestions and solutions for today's or tomorrow's computing projects to make computers easier to use. At the same time, he is responsible for the software design of the next generation hardware products, perfecting the software design process and studying the mathematical basis of computer science.
More detailed information about MSR can be found on the website of Microsoft Research Institute. Operations Group: led by Rick Belluzzo, President and Chief Operating Officer, responsible for managing business operations and all.
The history of Microsoft, the growth process of Microsoft and the major events in the past few years.
Netease technology report: //tech. 163 Go to the technology forum.
2005-06-29 19:08:25 source: Netease technology bad information report comments view comments.
It's incredible that Microsoft has gone through 30 years. The company that made Redmond, Washington a household name was actually founded by two young people from Seattle in another city 1975. One of the two founders is a college dropout. From this unlucky beginning, an equally unrealistic idea was derived: let every desk and every family have a computer. Thirty years later, this great idea has become so close to reality. But in that era when only a few people knew what a personal computer was, the above idea meant a great leap of faith and courage.
This revolution has not only made technology a powerful tool for all of us today, but also spawned a brand-new industry and changed the whole world. Today, we are still actively developing new ways to improve the efficiency of customers' work, life and study at any time, any place and based on any equipment, and constantly expand the practical application fields of personal computing technology.
Microsoft global memorabilia
1975 Microsoft was founded on April 4th.
1 979 65438+1October1Microsoft moved from Albuquerque, New Mexico to Bellevue, Washington.
1981On June 25th, Microsoft established a company.
198 1 02 August 12, IBM launched a personal computer with Microsoft 16-bit operating system MS-DOS 1.0.
1On February 26th, 986, Microsoft moved its headquarters to Redmond, Washington.
1986 March 13 Microsoft went public.
1990 On May 22nd, Microsoft launched Windows 3.0.
1On August 24th, 995, Microsoft launched Windows 95.
199565438+On February 7th, Bill Gates announced that Microsoft would fully support and develop the Internet.
1On June 25th, 998, Microsoft launched Windows 98.
On February 17, 2000, Microsoft launched Windows 2000.
On June 22nd, 2000, Microsoft launched the Microsoft strategy.
2001101On October 25th, Microsoft launched Windows XP.
On June 5438+1October 65438+May 2002, Bill Gates put forward the concept of "trusted computing".
It is most important to emphasize the security of software products.
June 5438+1October 65438+May 2002, Microsoft announced. NET has entered the second stage.
Is there a difference between QQ2007 and MSN? The first impression a software gives users is the software interface. Take the menu as an example. An important interface "improvement" in QQ2005 is called "fashionable and smooth interface design" by Tencent. Don't you feel familiar? Yes, this is what the start menu of our most popular indows XP looks like. QQ chat window began to imitate MSN Messenger as early as the launch of QQ2004. This is just plagiarism on the software interface, and Tencent QQ's plagiarism on other competitors is even more numerous. For example, customized expressions, customized avatars, multi-person chats, personalized signatures, QQ magic books, Q areas, etc. are all copied from MSN Messenger. Among them, plagiarism in Q area is even worse. Even the file name of the program was copied to QQSpace.dll. Tencent can't tell the difference between space and space? Tencent not only copied international brands such as MSN Messenger endlessly, but also domestic competitors. Among them, Tencent QQ's alumni records, files and chatting with many people are all copied from UC, a rising star.
Now, Tencent has even reached the point where it is too lazy to copy, and directly spends money on the excellent technology of competitors. Recently, Tencent's QQ Super Voice was bought from a foreign software technology company. I think many computer users in China also know that Skype is the first representative software to use this voice technology. The purpose of Tencent's doing this is nothing more than to suppress the simplified Chinese version of TOM-Skype launched by Skype and Tom online.