Zhuge Liang (181.4.14-234.8.28), courtesy name Kongming and nickname Wolong, was a Han nationality from Yangdu, Langxie (now Yinan, Shandong). He was an outstanding statesman and military strategist during the Three Kingdoms period (see "Cihai"). 》), strategist, strategist, diplomat. Prime Minister of Shu Han Dynasty. His posthumous title is Zhongwuhou.

Personal information:

Physique: Eight feet in length (approximately 1.83 meters), very majestic in appearance, and very different from the people of the time (from Chen Shou's "Shangzhuge Liang Collection", see "Three Kingdoms" "The Biography of Zhuge Liang" is appended)

Official position: Prime Minister, Sili Xiaowei, Yizhou Mu Lu Shangshu Shi

Title: Marquis of Wuxiang

Ancestor: Zhuge Feng (Sili Xiaowei of the Han Dynasty)

Father: Zhuge Gui (Cheng of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty)

Zhuge Liang’s mother: Zhang

Uncle: Zhuge Xuan

Spouse: Huang

Brothers: Zhuge Jin (brother) Zhuge Jun (brother)

Children: Zhuge Zhan (parent and son) Zhuge Qiao (adopted son, Shi Nai Son of the eldest brother Zhuge Jin)

Grandsons; Zhuge Shang (looking at the eldest son) Zhuge Jing (looking at the second son) Zhuge Pan (Qiao's son, later because Zhuge Ke was convicted, the whole family was executed, so he returned to Zhuge Jin

Great-grandson: Zhuge Xian (Panzi)

Gong plowed Nanyang

In the second year of Jian'an (197 AD), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother were farming in Longzhong, Nanyang. Liang always missed Liang Fuyin and often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. People at that time did not think highly of him. Only his friends Xu Shu, Cui Zhouping, Meng Jian and Shi Tao believed in his talents. Known as "Wolong". He had friendships with Sima Hui, Pang Degong, Huang Chengyan and others who were famous in Jingzhou at that time. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang: "I heard that you are choosing a wife; I have an ugly girl with yellow hair and black hair, but her talents match her. You match.)" Zhuge Liang agreed to the marriage and married her immediately. People at that time made fun of it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the countryside: "Don't be like Kong Ming when choosing a wife, or you will end up with an ugly girl like A Cheng."

Longzhong pair

At that time , Liu Bei attached himself to Liu Biao and stationed troops in new areas. Later, when I visited Sima Hui, I heard him say: "How do Confucian scholars and laymen know the current affairs? Those who know the current affairs are the heroes. There are dragons and phoenix chicks here. (Those Confucian scholars are all people with little knowledge. How can they understand the current world? At this time, only Fulong (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong) are the heroes." Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted to introduce him to him, but Xu Shu said: "This is the case. You can go see this person, but don't condescend to him. The general should go and see him in vain. He went to visit in person and only saw Zhuge Liang after three visits (one said he saw him all three times). Liu Bei asked others to avoid it and asked Zhuge Liang: "The Han Dynasty has fallen, traitors have stolen their lives, and the Lord has been covered in dust. I can't live alone." Virtue is measured by strength, and people want to believe in the great righteousness of the world, but their wisdom and skills are shallow, so they use it rampantly. As of today, the ambition is not over yet, so the king said that the plan will be safe? I did not measure my own virtue and ability, and wanted to revive the world with great righteousness, but my wisdom and strategies were short and insufficient, so I often failed. However, my ambition has not calmed down yet. Do you have a plan to help me?)" Liang replied. Said: "Since the arrival of Dong Zhuo, there have been countless heroes who have joined forces across states and counties. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao was a little famous and outnumbered. However, Cao Cao was able to defeat Shao and use the weak to become strong. It is not just the right time. It is also a man's plan. Now Cao has millions of people, holding the emperor and commanding the princes. This can't be competed with. Sun Quan has occupied Jiangdong for three generations. The country is in danger and the people are attached to it. This can be used for him. Reinforcement is not possible. Jingzhou controls Han and Mian in the north, has access to the South China Sea, is connected to Wuhui in the east, and is connected to Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses military force, but its master cannot defend it. It is almost impossible for the general to benefit from it. The state is dangerous and fortified, with thousands of miles of fertile fields. It is a land of abundance, and it is because of this that Gaozu became an emperor. Liu Zhang was weak, Zhang Lu was in the north, the people were in Yin and the country was rich but they did not know how to save money. The wise men thought of a wise king.

By 214, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei took control of Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received five hundred catties of gold, one thousand catties of silver, fifty million yuan, and one thousand pieces of brocade. He was also appointed as military advisor general and assigned to the left general's office. Whenever Liu Bei sent troops to conquer, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with enough food and troops. For example, in the Battle of Hanzhong, he provided support for Liu Bei who was defeated in successive battles. In 220, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and established itself. In 221, when the ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian of Han had been killed, they persuaded Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to ascend the throne as emperor. Liu Bei refused, so Zhuge Liang used the story of Geng Chun to persuade Liu Xiu to ascend the throne to persuade Liu Bei. So Liu Bei agreed and appointed Zhuge Liang as the prime minister to record the affairs of the minister during the holidays. In the same year, Zhang Fei died, and Zhuge Liang took over the post of Sili Xiaowei.

Tuogu

In August 222, Liu Bei was defeated on his way to recapture Jingzhou in the Eastern Expedition and retreated to Yong'an. Zhuge Liang lamented that it was a pity that Fazheng had passed away, otherwise Liu Bei would have been able to stop Liu Bei's Eastern Expedition. Lift. By February 223, Liu Bei was seriously ill and summoned Zhuge Liang to Yong'an to take care of the funeral arrangements with Li Yan. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang: "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi. You will surely be able to secure the country and finalize major events. If your heir can assist, I will assist him." ; If he is not talented, you can take it yourself. (Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will definitely be able to settle the country and achieve great things. If the heir (Liu Chan) can assist him, then assist him; if he has no talent, you can personally do it. Seize it.)" Zhuge Liang cried and said: "I dare to use all my strength to repay my loyalty to Zhen until my death!" Liu Bei asked again. Liu Chan and his other sons regarded Zhuge Liang as their father, but they only became official officials with Zhuge Liang.

It was postponed to April, Liu Bei died, Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, made Zhuge Liang the Marquis of Wuxiang, and opened official offices. Soon after, he took over the post of Yizhou Mu again. Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang for all political matters, big and small, and was decided by Zhuge Liang. Originally, the Nanzhong area took the opportunity to rebel due to Liu Bei's defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, and instead sent Deng Zhi and Chen Zhen to Soochow to repair it.

Southern Expedition

Until the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led his army to the south. Before leaving, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Liang a golden axe, a curved cover, and one each for the front and rear feathers. There are sixty people in Huben. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: Bare is today's northern border of Myanmar) to attack Yongkai and Menghuo. Zhuge Liang adopted Ma Su's suggestion of joining the army, focusing on attacking the heart. He first defeated Yongkai's army, and then captured and manipulated Menghuo seven times. In the autumn, all chaos was put down (see Zhuge Liang's Southern Expedition for details). The rich resources south of the Shu Han provided military use for the country. As the Shu Kingdom became rich, it began to train soldiers and prepare for the Northern Expedition.

Northern Expedition

In March of the fifth year of Jianxing (AD 227), Zhuge Liang submitted a "Departure Order" to his later master and led his army to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. The three counties of Wei Nan'an (governing Longxi, Gansu), Tianshui, and Anding (governing Jichuan, Gansu) immediately surrendered to Shu. Emperor Wei Ming personally went to Chang'an to supervise the battle, and used Cao Zhen to supervise the armies in Guanyou, adopting a defense-oriented strategy. The Shu army first threatened to capture the county from Xiegu Road, and asked Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to lead an army to occupy Jigu (now northwest of Baocheng, Shaanxi Province) as a suspected army. Zhuge Liang led the main force to attack Qishan in the west. Joining the army, Ma Su led an army as the vanguard and stationed himself at the street pavilion. Ma Su's command was inappropriate, and he was defeated and lost the street pavilion. The Shu army lost its advancing stronghold and had to retreat to Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su, wrote a letter demoting himself to the third rank, and assumed the post of prime minister as the right general.

In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), the Wei army attacked Wu in three directions, leaving Guanzhong empty. Zhuge Liang once again led his army to the northern expedition. The Shu army left Dashan Pass this time and besieged Chencang for more than twenty days before retreating after running out of food.

In the seventh year of Jianxing (229 AD), Zhuge Liang led his army to the Northern Expedition for the third time. The Shu army headed west, taking the two counties of Wei Wudu and Yinping and returned. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister.

In the ninth year of Jianxing (AD 231), Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the fourth time, using wooden oxen to transport grain and surrounding Qishan Mountain. Sima Yi was the commander-in-chief and overseer of the resistance. Sima Yi knew that the Shu army had come from afar and had limited food and logistics, so he took the risk and refused to fight. Zhuge Liang ordered Li Yan to be responsible for logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang saying that the emperor ordered the troops to withdraw. After Zhuge Liang retreated, he deceived the court and said that the retreat was to lure the enemy.

When Zhuge Liang came back, he signed a petition with many soldiers to impeach Li Yan, exempted him from being a commoner, and exiled him to Zitong.

In February of the twelfth year of Jianxing (AD 234), Zhuge Liang launched his fifth Northern Expedition. He led his army out of the Xie Valley and occupied Wuzhangyuan (forty miles south of today's Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). This time we sent troops, we had made an appointment with Soochow to attack Wei at the same time. However, Dongwu delayed sending troops. It was not until May that Sun Quan sent Lu Xun and Zhuge Jin to lead troops to station in Jiangxia and Miokou (now Hanpu, Hubei) to attack Xiangyang. Sun Quan himself led a large army to surround Hefei Xincheng. In this regard, Emperor Wei Ming's strategy was to defeat Soochow first. He personally led the navy to march eastward, and asked Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, to hold on without fighting, and let the Shu army retreat after running out of food. But when Sun Quan learned of the Wei master's intentions, he believed that his side had become the main battlefield and suffered a loss, so he ordered his troops to withdraw across the board. On the Western Front. In view of past lessons, Zhuge Liang divided his troops into fields and planned to stay there for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died on the front line at the age of fifty-four. The Shu army withdrew across the board. Liu Chan was useless. The Shu army was defeated

Edit this paragraph Zhuge Liang's chronology

AD age, life and deeds

Guanghe 4 years, 181 years, 1 year old, 181 AD Zhuge Liang was born in Langyeyangdu (now Yinan County, Shandong) on ??April 14th of the lunar calendar.

In the 6th year of Zhongping (189), at the age of 9, Zhuge Liang's biological mother Zhang passed away.

In the third year of Chuping, 192, at the age of 12, Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Gui passed away.

In 194, the first year of Xingping, at the age of 14, Zhuge Liang, his younger brother Zhuge Jun and his younger sister were adopted by their uncle Zhuge Xuan. His older brother Zhuge Jin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

In the 2nd year of Xingping, 195, at the age of 15, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the governor of Yuzhang. He and his younger siblings went to Yuzhang (now Nanchang) with his uncle.

Zhuge Xuan died of illness in 197, the second year of Jian'an, at the age of 17. Zhuge Liang and his siblings moved to Nanyang.

In the 4th year of Jian'an, 199, at the age of 19, Zhuge Liang and his friends Xu Shu and others studied under Mr. Shui Jing, Sima Hui.

In the 12th year of Jian'an, 207, 27 years old, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times, and Zhuge Liang said to Liu Bei, "Longzhong is right". Then he came out to assist Liu Bei.

In the 13th year of Jian'an, 208 years, 28 years old, Zhuge Liang went to Soochow as an envoy to persuade Sun Quan, the leader of Wu, to resist Cao Cao.

In the 14th year of Jian'an, 209, at the age of 29, Zhuge Liang was appointed as the military advisor.

In the 16th year of Jian'an, 211 years, 31 years old, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun guarded Jingzhou.

In the 19th year of Jian'an, 214 years, 34 years old, Zhuge Liang left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, and divided his forces with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to join forces with Liu Bei. Liu Bei captured Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed military advisor general and assigned to General Zuo's office.

In the 20th year of Jian'an (215 years), at the age of 35, Zhuge Liang rectified the internal affairs of Bashu.

In the 23rd year of Jian'an, 218 years, 38 years old, Zhuge Liang stayed in Bashu to supply Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.

In 221, the first year of Shu Zhangwu, at the age of 41, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, and the country was named "Han". It was called Shu Han or Shu in history. Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister.

In 223, the first year of Jianxing of Shu, at the age of 43, Liu Bei defeated Baidi City and entrusted him to Zhuge Liang. After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan ascended the throne and granted Zhuge Liang the title of Marquis of Wuxiang and the leadership of Yizhou as pastoralist.

2 years after the founding of Shu, 224, 44 years old, Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu.

In the 3rd year of the founding of Shu, 225 years and 45 years old, Zhuge Liang led his army to conquer the south and pacified the southern barbarians.

In the 5th year of the founding of Shu, 227, at the age of 47, Zhuge Liang wrote in the "Departure List" and stationed troops in Hanzhong for the Northern Expedition that day.

In the 6th year of the founding of Shu, 228, at the age of 48, Zhuge Liang lost his street pavilion during the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang killed Ma Su and demoted himself to the right general to act as prime minister.

In the 7th year of the founding of Shu, 229 AD, at the age of 49, Zhuge Liang launched another northern expedition, captured Wudu and Yinping, and restored his position as prime minister.

In the 8th year of the founding of Shu, 230 years and 50 years old, Zhuge Liang went on another northern expedition.

In the 9th year of the founding of Shu, 231 AD, at the age of 51, Zhuge Liang launched a northern expedition to attack Qishan, defeated the Wei army, and ambushed the famous Wei general Zhang He at Mumen.

In the 11th year of the founding of Shu (233 AD), at the age of 53, Zhuge Liang built a pavilion in Xiegu to gather grain.

In the 12th year of the founding of Shu, in 234, at the age of 54, Zhuge Liang went on the Northern Expedition again. He died of illness in Wuzhangyuan due to overwork.

Edit the historical evaluation of this paragraph

Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms": Zhuge Liang was the prime minister of the country, caring for the people, showing rituals, appointing officials, obeying the authority, being open-minded, and imparting justice. ; Those who are loyal and beneficial will be rewarded even if they are cheated; those who break the law and neglect will be punished even if they are close to each other; those who admit guilt and lose love will be released even if they are serious; those who use rhetoric and clever words will be killed even if they are light; good deeds will not be rewarded even if they are insignificant; evil will not be devalued if they are not trivial. ; The common people are refined, physical and basic, follow the name and fulfill the responsibilities, and despise hypocrisy; finally within the territory of the country, they are fearful but love them; although the punishment and administration are harsh, they have no resentment, because their intentions are calm and they are enlightened in admonishment. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern, and Guan and Xiao are inferior to each other. However, he has been trying to mobilize the masses for many years without success. He must adapt to the general strategy and it is not his strength!

"Yuan Zi": If the law is strictly enforced, the people of the country will obey it; if the people do their best, they will not complain. His soldiers come in and out like guests, and they are not invaders. Those who eat grass and grass do not hunt, just like in the country. The way he uses his troops is to stop like a mountain and advance and retreat like the wind. When the troops are sent out, the world is shaken, but the people's hearts are not worried. In the decades since Liang's death, the people of the country have been thinking about it, just like the Zhou people thought about summoning the duke. Confucius said, "Yong can also make him go to the south." Zhuge Liang had this in mind.

Liu Bei: "A solitary person has a bright hole, just like a fish has water. I hope you will not say anything more." "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will surely be able to secure the country and resolve major events. If your heir can assist you, If he is not talented, you can take it yourself."

Sima Hui: "How do Confucian scholars know the current affairs? Those who know the current affairs are the heroes."

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Meng Huo: "My lord, God is so powerful that the southerners will never rebel."

Jia Xu: "Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country."

Liu Ye: " Zhuge Liang is wise in governing and is the prime minister."

Xu Shu said: "This person can be seen, but he should not be ignored. The general should take care of him in vain." "Zhuge Kongming is also a lying dragon."

Zhang Yi: "Rewards should not be given far away, punishments should not be kept close to home, titles should not be taken without merit, and punishments should not be avoided by virtue of power. This is why wise and foolish people forget their own bodies."

Yang Hong: "The Western soil has served Zhuge Liang to the best of his ability."

Ma Liang: "My dear brother, I have paid tribute to the world as expected, and my career has brought glory to the country, and my fortune is far-reaching. I will use Yalu." , review the importance of the wise, and use simple talents to suit the time. If it is harmonious and joyful, and the virtue is heaven and earth, it makes the time close to the listener, and the world obeys the Tao, and the noble and wonderful voices are harmonious, and the voices of Zheng and Wei are harmonious. It is beneficial to things, and there is no need to compete with others. This is the perfection of the orchestra, the harmony of Ya and Kuang."

Fan Jian: "When you hear evil, you will change it, and you will not be cautious about your mistakes. You should trust the gods in rewards and punishments. "

Zhang Wen: "However, when Zhuge Liangda saw the calculation, he must know that God was concerned about Qu Shen's advisability, and he would receive the favor of the imperial court. There is no doubt that he would recommend Liang. "

Sima Yi: "He is a genius in the world!"

Yang Xi's "Ode to the Assistant Ministers of the Han Dynasty" praised Prime Minister Zhuge: "He is loyal and brave, he offers advice by the riverside, and he conquers Wu, Lianshu, and he has the power to be true in the world. I accept it." Heng, rectified the martial arts and refined the literature, applied moral teachings, changed the principles of physics and practice, and competed with the wise and foolish in the heart. He was born in a quiet country, and his four descendants were Sui. He repeatedly came to the enemy's court, showing off his power, studying and mastering the great country, and hating him for the future. Yi."

Xi Long and Xiang Chong: "Kuang Liang's virtues are far-reaching, and his achievements are unparalleled throughout his life."

Sima Yan: "It's so good that I have this person to help me. How can we work today?"

Fu Qian: "Zhuge Liang knows how to manage changes, and he is righteous and has plans."

Guo Chong: "Jincheng Guo Chong. Those who think that Liang Quan, Zhi Ying, and Yan have failed to accomplish their achievements are confused. If the five things of Liang are hidden from the world, the treasures and others will not be able to recover. "

Liu Chan issued an edict: "Ma Su was to blame for the Battle of the Street Pavilion, but the king offended him, devalued himself deeply, violated the king's will, and obeyed his command. The year before last, he had shown off his master, and Wang Shuang was killed by the emperor. This year, Yuan Zheng, Guo Huai fled; he surrendered the Di and Qiang, and revived the two counties. The town was powerful and violent, and his merits were obvious.

Just now, the people are harassing, and the original evil has not been eliminated. The king has received a great responsibility and is responsible for the country. However, he has been hurting himself for a long time, which is not why he is glorious and powerful. Now that I have returned to you as Prime Minister, please do not say goodbye. "Weijun is a man of civil and military talents, wise and sincere. He was entrusted by an orphan to assist me. He continues to prosper and is determined to pacify the chaos. He has organized the six divisions for a long time. He is impressively powerful and powerful. He will control the eight wastelands." He made special contributions to Ji Han and participated in the great achievements of Yi and Zhou. How can you not be worried? When things happen, you will be overwhelmed by sudden illness and death! I mourn with sorrow, my heart is as broken as a heart. The husband respects virtue and prefaces his merits, and records his fate and posthumous title. Therefore, it will be immortalized in the future. Today I envoy Chijie Zuozhonglang General Du Qiong to present you with the seal ribbon of the Marquis of Wuxiang, the Prime Minister, and posthumously title you the Marquis of Zhongwu. The soul has spirit, Jiazi favors it. Alas! Alas! "

Later generations greatly praised Zhuge Liang's loyalty and deeds, such as:

Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty: "Zhuge Liang said: I will devote my whole life to death. As a minister, only Zhuge Liang can do this. "

Sun Qiao of the Tang Dynasty: "Five hundred years have passed since the death of Marquis Wu, and the people of the Liang and Han Dynasties have been singing songs and offering sacrifices in temples as if they were there. They have loved the people for so long. "

Tao Kan, a pianist from Mei Tao of the Western Jin Dynasty: "The God of Machinery and Mingjian are like Wei Wu, and the loyalty, obedience and hard work are like Kong Ming. "

Chang Xu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: "If you govern the country with courtesy and the people will have no complaints, if you don't abuse lynching, there will be no tears left. "

Wang Tong of the Sui Dynasty said: "If Zhuge Liang had not died, rituals and music would have flourished. "

"Tang Wencui" records what Shang Chi said in the "Preface to the Inscription on the Zhuge Wuhou Temple Stele": "When the official wrote about the temple food, it became an unpublished canon. Within a mountain, every move and movement It has a majestic appearance. If there is a severe drought in the country, if people pray to it, it can turn into clouds and rain. This means that everyone will benefit from it, and life and death are the same in ancient and modern times. Death and immortality are more valuable than life. Another article written by Lu Wen, "The Temple of Zhuge Wuhou", said: "If the great honor is not collected, God will seize it." Sincerity is unforgettable, shining in the sun and moon, and the fierce energy never dissipates. Long as a thunderstorm. ”

Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once admired Zhuge Liang’s deeds and wrote several poems about Zhuge Liang, including "The Prime Minister of Shu" (two of them have the same name) and "Ode to Ancient Relics Part 4" , "Zhuge Kongming", "Eight Formations", "Gubaihang", "Wuhou Temple", "Zhuge Temple", "Geye". Among them, "Three visits to the world" in "The Prime Minister of Shu", the two dynasties opened. Help the old minister's heart. "Died before he left the army and made the hero burst into tears" has also become a famous saying about Zhuge Liang's life in the future.

Other poets have also written many poems to praise Zhuge Liang, such as Li Bai, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty "Reading the Biography of Zhuge Wuhou, Presenting it to Uncle Cui Shaofu of Chang'an and Feng Kunji", "Zhuge Wuhou" by Song Dynasty statesman and writer Wang Anshi, "Wuhou Temple" by Ming Dynasty writer Yang Shen, and modern historian Guo Moruo's "Shu Dao Qi", as well as modern politicians Dong Biwu, Lu Dingyi, etc.

Mao Zedong commented: "It started by mistake in Longzhong, and the troops were divided into two parts thousands of miles away. In the end, Guan Yu, Liu Bei, and Zhuge Liang had three separate forces and were undefeated. "The first sentence means that Zhuge Liang's strategy is inappropriate. Jingzhou is thousands of miles away from Yizhou. The division of troops between the two places will inevitably cause the Shu Han to lose its advantage in military strength. The latter sentence "three-thirds of troops" refers to Guan Yu's guarding Jingzhou and Liu Bei. In the attack on Soochow and Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition to the Central Plains, the historical fact of the "three-thirds force" ultimately caused the Shu Han's vitality to be severely damaged and the foundation for the unification of China to be lost. However, some people disagree with Mao Zedong's analysis. Longzhong originally hoped to "make the most of the situation." All of Jingzhou in the "South China Sea" supported the Jingzhou Army's Northern Expedition, and Yizhou implemented a pincer strategy. However, Liu Bei failed to achieve it later, and because of the loss of Nanjun, Guan Yu lost his advantage in the Battle of Xiangfan, instead of dividing it into two. The results of military strength. On the other hand, regarding the historical events of losing Jieting and beheading Ma Su, Mao Zedong once commented: "In the first battle, it is better to face the battle first. "It is believed that Zhuge Liang should personally lead the army to advance and make arrangements before the battle, and should not disperse the troops and assign responsibilities to others.

The offensive couplet hanging in the Zhuge Liang Hall of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu was written by Zhao Fan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. This couplet It has attracted the attention of Mao Zedong and others. Its content is:

"If you can attack the heart, you will be defeated by the side. It has been known from ancient times that soldiers are not warlike;

Failure to assess the situation means that both leniency and severity are wrong. Later, when governing Shu, we had to think deeply.

"

Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of the Republic of China, praised Zhuge Liang in the Three People's Principles of Civil Rights: "Zhuge Liang is very capable, so he was able to establish a very good government in Western Shu, and he was able to leave Qishan for the Northern Expedition and fight with Wu and Wei. Three tripods. ".