Historical background of treaty of nanking: treaty of nanking was the first unequal treaty signed with foreign countries in modern history of China, which marked the failure of the first Opium War. The anti-smoking movement led by Lin Zexu dealt a great blow to the British colonists. 1840 in June, the British invaders launched the opium war against China in order to protect the so-called opium trade. British troops successively captured Zhoushan, Humen, Xiamen, Ningbo, Wusong, Zhenjiang and other places, and occupied Hong Kong Island. 1842 (the 22nd year of Daoguang) On August 4th, the British army advanced on Nanjing and demanded a ransom of 3 million yuan. The Qing Dynasty, which was defeated militarily, was represented by Niu Jian, an imperial envoy and governor of the two rivers, and Jian Ying, deputy commander-in-chief of Zhapu, who negotiated with the British side. Sino-British peace treaty negotiations began. On August 4, the British warship arrived at Xiaguan River in Nanjing, and the Qing government was forced to negotiate with the British government at Jinghai Temple. The two sides held about four talks in the temple. On August 29th, the Sino-British "treaty of nanking" was officially signed on the British flagship "Cornwall" by imperial envoys Jiao Ying, Bu and British representative Pu Dingcha. Jinghai Temple thus became a symbol of the starting point of China's modern history. The main contents are: 1, announcing the end of the war. The relationship between the two countries has entered a state of peace from a state of war. 2, 5 trade. The Qing government opened five trading ports, namely Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai, allowing British consulates to stay and allowing British businessmen and their families to live freely. 3. compensation. The Qing government paid compensation of 2 1 10,000 silver dollars to Britain, including 6 million silver dollars for burning opium, 0/0.2 million silver dollars for British military expenditure, and 3 million silver dollars for repaying merchant debts. The payment will be paid in four years. If it is not paid in full and on time, it will be deemed that the interest of 5 silver dollars will be added to 100 yuan per year. 4. Cut the land. The Qing government ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain. 5, China customs tariffs should be agreed with Britain. 6. Abolish the public banking system and allow British businessmen and China businessmen to trade freely. 7. Consular jurisdiction has seriously damaged the judicial sovereignty of China.
The historical background of treaty of shimonoseki is the Sino-Japanese War (the First Sino-Japanese War). 1In the spring of 894, a peasant uprising broke out in North Korea, and the North Korean government requested China to send troops to help suppress it. The Japanese government indicated that it had "no intention" to send troops to China. However, when the Qing army entered the DPRK, Japan entered the DPRK in the name of protecting embassies and expatriates, and on July 25th, it raided beiyang fleet, China, provoking the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. After the war broke out, the navies of the two countries fought in the Yellow Sea. Land combat troops fought from Korea to Fengtian (now Shenyang) and occupied a large territory. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/895 (the 21st year of Guangxu), it invaded Weihai, Shandong. The Qing government had no intention of resisting Japan and made peace again and again. Finally, Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili, was sent to Shimonoseki, Japan, to make peace with Japanese plenipotentiary, Prime Minister Ito Bowen and Foreign Minister Luo Ozong. 1April, 895 17, under Japanese coercion, Li Hongzhang signed the treaty of shimonoseki, which humiliated his power and country. The main contents are as follows: 1. China recognized North Korea's independence and abolished China-DPRK relations. 2. China ceded Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands to Japan. 3. Compensation for Japanese military expenditure of 220 million silver. 4. Open Chongqing, Shashi, Suzhou and Hangzhou as commercial ports. Japanese can set up factories in China trading port.
Historical background of treaty of nanking: treaty of nanking was the first unequal treaty signed with foreign countries in modern history of China, which marked the failure of the first Opium War. The anti-smoking movement led by Lin Zexu dealt a great blow to the British colonists. 1840 in June, the British invaders launched the opium war against China in order to protect the so-called opium trade. British troops successively captured Zhoushan, Humen, Xiamen, Ningbo, Wusong, Zhenjiang and other places, and occupied Hong Kong Island. 1842 (the 22nd year of Daoguang) On August 4th, the British army advanced on Nanjing and demanded a ransom of 3 million yuan. The Qing Dynasty, which was defeated militarily, was represented by Niu Jian, an imperial envoy and governor of the two rivers, and Jian Ying, deputy commander-in-chief of Zhapu, who negotiated with the British side. Sino-British peace treaty negotiations began. On August 4, the British warship arrived at Xiaguan River in Nanjing, and the Qing government was forced to negotiate with the British government at Jinghai Temple. The two sides held about four talks in the temple. On August 29th, the Sino-British "treaty of nanking" was officially signed on the British flagship "Cornwall" by imperial envoys Jiao Ying, Bu and British representative Pu Dingcha. Jinghai Temple thus became a symbol of the starting point of China's modern history. The main contents are: 1, announcing the end of the war. The relationship between the two countries has entered a state of peace from a state of war. 2, 5 trade. The Qing government opened five trading ports, namely Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai, allowing British consulates to stay and allowing British businessmen and their families to live freely. 3. compensation. The Qing government paid compensation of 2 1 10,000 silver dollars to Britain, including 6 million silver dollars for burning opium, 0/0.2 million silver dollars for British military expenditure, and 3 million silver dollars for repaying merchant debts. The payment will be paid in four years. If it is not paid in full and on time, it will be deemed that the interest of 5 silver dollars will be added to 100 yuan per year. 4. Cut the land. The Qing government ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain. 5, China customs tariffs should be agreed with Britain. 6. Abolish the public banking system and allow British businessmen and China businessmen to trade freely. 7. Consular jurisdiction has seriously damaged the judicial sovereignty of China.