First, the mode of processing information with the help of third-party organizations has the endogenous weakness of lack of trust between points. In order to guard against their customers, merchants will ask customers for completely unnecessary information, but they still can't avoid certain fraud;
Secondly, the existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and limits the actual minimum transaction scale;
Third, digital signature itself can solve the problem of electronic identity. If a third party is needed to prevent double consumption, the system will lose its value.