Foreword: Some people have compared: "Using gas is like flying on an airplane. Although the accident rate is low, once an accident occurs, the consequences will be serious." Perhaps it is because of the low accident rate that some users have relaxed their vigilance. . According to data analysis, gas accidents are mainly caused by users' lack of safety awareness, lack of knowledge about the correct use of gas, failure to pay enough attention to the protection of gas facilities and equipment, illegal operations and unauthorized modifications by non-professionals, and failure to do so after discovering problems. Understand how to take emergency measures to prevent gas leakage and serious consequences, resulting in property damage and personal injury. Therefore, it is very important for users to learn and remember the common sense of gas safety

Contents

01 Overview of natural gas

02 Understanding and maintenance of gas facilities

03 Safe use of natural gas

1.04 Safety rules

05 Conclusion

1. Overview of natural gas

What is natural gas ?

Natural gas is a type of combustible gas. It is produced in oil fields, coal fields and swamp areas. It is a regenerative substance buried underground. It is formed after hundreds of millions of years of high pressure and high temperature. According to the source of natural gas, it can be divided into four types: gas well natural gas, petroleum associated gas, condensate gas gas and mine gas, that is, gas field gas extracted from gas wells, or pure natural gas: petroleum gas extracted along with oil, also known as Petroleum associated gas; condensate gas field gas containing light petroleum fractions; coal mine gas extracted from underground coal seams

(1) Composition of natural gas

Water vapor: Natural gas often contains saturated Amount of water vapor

Some inert gases: contain a small amount of hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, etc.

Some inorganic gases: contain a small amount of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.

Hydrocarbon gas: the main component is methane, containing a small amount of ethane, propane, butane, etc.

(2) Characteristics of natural gas: As an efficient, clean and high-quality fuel, natural gas has been Widely used, the calorific value of natural gas is about 2.3 times that of artificial coal gas, the main component of which is methane, with a high content of more than 90% clean. Natural gas is colorless, odorless, flammable and explosive. It must be burned with oxygen and will produce a large amount of carbon dioxide gas. If it stays in a closed space using natural gas for a long time, it will cause asphyxiation and death. When the natural gas content in the air is between 5% and 15%, a flash explosion accident will occur when encountering an open flame.

Natural gas characteristics

1 Colorless? 2 Non-toxic 3 Odorless 4 High calorific value 5 Flammable and explosive 6 Clean

(3) Advantages of natural gas :Reliability

1) Liquefied petroleum gas fluctuates up and down with the fluctuation of oil prices. Natural gas is a one-time energy source extracted from gas fields, so the price is relatively stable.

(2) The sales price of natural gas is set by the state, which is stable in the long term and has small fluctuations.

(3) Natural gas is transported by pipelines, with low entry pressure and safe, stable and continuous supply. ,reliable.

(3) Advantages of natural gas: Safety

(1) The density of liquefied petroleum gas is heavier than air. It will precipitate downwards after leakage and is not suitable for diffusion. It will cause fire when exposed to open fire. Burn or explode. The density of natural gas is lighter than that of air, and leakage will immediately spread into the atmosphere, making it difficult to accumulate and difficult to cause combustion and explosion. It is relatively safe when used correctly.

(2) In the process of transporting natural gas, a small amount of odorant is added, which smells like rotten eggs. Even small leaks can be detected in time due to the smell.

(3) Bottled liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel and other fuels need to be stored before they can be used. Once an accident occurs, fire rescue work is difficult, and natural gas is controlled by pipeline delivery valves. If an accident occurs, it can be immediately Close the valve and cut off the airway. Conducive to fire rescue work.

(4) Danger of natural gas

Pictures of gas explosion scene

On October 10, 2015, a gas tank explosion accident in Wuhu Lake, Anhui shocked the whole country. A liquefied gas tank exploded in a private restaurant in Yangjia Lane, Jinghu District, the city, instantly causing a fire that has killed 17 people so far. Gas tanks are familiar to everyone. Many families, restaurants and street vendors rely on them for cooking. However, this accident warns us that if we do not pay attention to gas safety, the gas we use for cooking may become a deadly weapon, causing us huge personal injuries and property losses.

How powerful is a gas tank explosion?

In the Wanhu accident, smoke and fire were billowing from the restaurant after the explosion, but there are still many people who are "ignorant" "People gathered nearby to watch. At this moment, a second explosion occurred in the restaurant. The power of the gas tank explosion was fatal, and it would cause damage twice in an instant. It begins with a physical explosion when the tank ruptures. The liquid petroleum gas instantly expands 250-300 times and becomes gaseous, creating a shock wave, like a landmine explosion. The petroleum gas that becomes gaseous quickly mixes with air. When the concentration in the air drops to 3%-11%, if it encounters an open flame, a chemical explosion will occur. The entire space will explode and burn, generating a huge shock wave and causing secondary disaster.

If a person inhales this explosive gas, it will burn the respiratory tract and lung tissue, which is extremely scary. According to statistics, the explosion of a can of household liquefied petroleum gas is equivalent to the power of about 145 kilograms of TNT explosive, and 1 kilogram of TNT explosive can almost blow up a two-story bungalow. The power of an explosion of 145 kilograms of TNT-equivalent liquefied petroleum gas can be imagined. Know.

2. Understanding and maintenance of gas facilities

Gas measuring instruments

Used to measure the gas consumption of users. It is strictly prohibited to disassemble, repair, modify or move without permission. Gas metering equipment.

Gas pressure regulating box: used to regulate the gas supply pressure to gas equipment. No unauthorized movement is allowed without special circumstances, and impact, damage, climbing, etc. are strictly prohibited

Gas shut-off valve; connected to combustible gas leakage monitoring instrument. When the instrument detects a leak of combustible gas, it will automatically and quickly close the main gas supply valve, cut off the supply of gas, and promptly prevent the occurrence of a vicious accident.

The gas alarm uses the principle of a hot-wire semiconductor sensor. Once a gas leak occurs, it will automatically alarm and disengage the gas. Gas leak alarms mainly have the following two functions:

The first type: audible and visual alarm type. When a leak occurs, the buzzer sounds an alarm and the red light turns on to remind people that the leak has occurred.

The second type: alarm and exhaust type. In addition to the first function, it also has a circuit device that automatically connects the exhaust equipment or exhaust range hood. Once a leak occurs, it will sound and light alarm. At the same time, it can automatically open the exhaust fan to discharge toxic and harmful combustible gases to the outdoors in time.

Combustible gas alarm control system

(Wang Lei PS When flammable or toxic gas leaks in the environment, when the gas alarm detects that the gas concentration reaches the critical point set by the explosion or poisoning alarm When the time comes, the flammable gas alarm will send out an alarm signal to remind workers to take safety measures, drive exhaust, and cut off air intake to prevent explosions, fires, and poisoning accidents, thereby ensuring safe production)

Precautions for using the gas alarm system:

1. Do not knock or hit the cabinet and display part of the equipment with sharp or metal objects

2. Frequent power on and off operations

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3 Do not change the internal circuit of the equipment, the access to the power supply part, or the output of other linked equipment

4 The user is not allowed to change the installation location of the flammable gas alarm controller and detector without authorization

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5 This system is a monitoring equipment that works all day long and must not be shut down except for necessary maintenance

6 Non-professionals are prohibited from opening the cover, and the power must be cut off before opening

7 Do not allow water to enter, do not expose to places with dense water vapor for a long time, and avoid contact with oil and corrosive liquids

Three elements of safe gas control

1 person’s safety Behaviors such as: unauthorized dismantling, repairing, and damaging gas equipment and facilities.

2. Unsafe conditions of objects, such as: the valve in front of the stove that is always open at night

3. Unsafe factors of the environment, such as: high temperature and high humidity environment on site

1 Develop an applicable management system for the safe use of natural gas, and use a complete system to agree on people’s incorrect behaviors:

2 Leaders attach great importance to it and implement it effectively Safety responsibility system:

3 Carry out safety education regularly and strive to improve the safety awareness of employees

4 Designate a dedicated person to be responsible for on-site management and regularly inspect and maintain natural gas facilities:

Control of unsafe conditions of objects

1. Regularly check gas facilities and equipment to eliminate safety hazards and prevent safety accidents

2. Close gas valves in time after use

3. Gas facilities and equipment should be in good condition, without oil stains, corrosion, damage, etc.

4. Once gas equipment is damaged, the gas company should be contacted in time for repair or replacement

Gas company emergency repair hotline: 95007

(2) Gas leakage detection method

1. Smell. Natural gas has been odorized. If the leakage is slightly larger, the odor can be smelled through the nose.

2. Listen. If the air leakage is serious, a hissing leaking sound can be heard from a distance.

3. Look. After the gas equipment is turned off, if the flow meter is reading, it means there is a gas leak.

4. Inspection. Use soapy water to check for leaks at the pipe connections. If bubbles appear, it means there is a leak.

Note: Never use an open flame to detect leaks!

(3) How to deal with gas leaks

1. When you find a natural gas leak in indoor gas facilities or gas appliances, please follow the following steps

First Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, and then quickly open windows and doors to ventilate, let in fresh air, reduce indoor leakage

gas concentration, and quickly turn off the gas Valve to prevent continued gas leakage. At the same time, all behaviors that can cause sparks must be absolutely prohibited:

Do not turn on lights, do not turn on range hoods and exhaust fans, do not light fires

, and do not make calls indoors.

When you see a fire at the gas valve, don't panic. The first important thing is to shut down the valve urgently. Don't let it burn out of fear, as this will Cause an explosion

Since the temperature generated by gas combustion is very high, when closing the valve

door, you must wear soaked cloth gloves or use a wet glove< /p>

Wrap your arms with skirts, towels, and rags to prevent burns from fire. After the valve is closed, run to a place with fresh air immediately to ensure your own safety and call the gas company as soon as possible. 95007

Why can’t the lights be turned on due to gas leakage?

The contact points of ordinary switches are insulated by air because air has good insulation properties. Generally, electricians believe that 1mm air gap can withstand 1kv voltage, but during the switching process, the voltage at both ends is relatively high (mains voltage), and then during the process of contact and separation of the switch, there will be a gradual separation and fit. During the fitting process, the air will be broken down and arcs or sparks will appear. Therefore, turning on the switch in a gas leakage environment with a suitable concentration can indeed ignite the condensed gas of gas and air, leading to effective Explosion

Therefore, when you turn on the light, an electric spark will be generated the moment the current is turned on. Although this electric spark is very small and we cannot even see it, its temperature is not low, and it will instantly ignite the leaking gas. , will cause an explosion. For the same reason, you cannot make calls at the scene of a gas leak.

Although the total energy of the sparks generated when household appliances are used is very small, its energy density is very large. Just make the electric spark detonate the gas that reaches the explosive concentration

2. When you find a natural gas leak in indoor gas facilities or gas appliances, do not perform the following operations:

1. Do not Turn on or off any electrical appliances at the leak site, and do not ring the doorbell.

2. Do not use landline or mobile phones at the leak site.

3. Do not use lighters or matches to find natural gas leaks.

4. Do not enter a room with a particularly strong smell of natural gas. To avoid gas leakage.

5. Do not handle natural gas leaks by yourself.

(4) Instructions for safe use of gas for industrial and commercial users

1. Before using gas burning appliances, attention should be paid to maintaining indoor air circulation, keeping the surrounding environment clean, and not storing flammable, explosive and Dangerous goods, exhaust and smoke exhaust facilities are operating normally, and the water and electricity supply systems are normal. Only after confirming that there are no abnormalities can the use of pipeline gas be opened;

2. Before opening the natural gas main valve, make sure that all The gas valves in front of the furnace are all closed

3. When igniting, the stove operating methods prescribed by the stove supplier should be strictly followed; remember not to "wait for fire"

4. Normal When using the stove, it is strictly forbidden to adjust the flame too small to avoid the flame being blown out by the wind. The flame of the stove should be adjusted slowly by hand. It is strictly forbidden to adjust it with a spatula or feet, and it is strictly forbidden to leave any kindling

5. Do not perform operations that damage gas pipelines and application facilities

6. Develop the habit of closing gas valves. Close the valve in front of the stove after each use of gas burning appliances, and close the gas main when leaving get off work. valve; ensure that "the fire extinguishing valve is closed if a person breaks out"

7. A dedicated person must be responsible for the switch of the gas valve.

Knowledge on the safe use of gas

1. In order to prevent poisoning and fire and explosion accidents, the following matters should be paid attention to:

>1) There are gas pipelines passing through or installed It is prohibited to inhabit rooms with gas appliances and facilities or to store flammable and explosive items and other fuel sources of fire.

2) Use gas facilities and gas appliances correctly, and maintain smooth ventilation and smoke exhaust conditions in gas operation rooms.

3) It is strictly prohibited to use gas facilities and gas appliances that have not been recognized by the gas management department and have reached the end of life.

4) The screws at the handle of the ball valve are easy to loosen and leak, so they should be tightened

5) Kitchen fumes are highly corrosive, and the gas pipelines should be brushed with grease regularly to avoid serious corrosion and safety hazards. Hidden danger:?