An autograph is an autograph letter, which originally refers to the handwritten correspondence written by people in ancient times. Before the Wei and Jin Dynasties, writing paper was not very popular, and bamboo slips and silk were mostly used. Ancient slips are mostly made of bamboo and wood, which are called bamboo slips or wooden slips; the smaller and wider wooden slips are called Zha, also known as boards (bans) or slips. For example, in the Han Dynasty, it was stipulated that the thin wooden board used for calligraphy should be one foot long (23.1 cm), so it was also called ruler slip. "Yan's Family Instructions·Book Evidence": "Jiangnan proverb goes: 'The writing on the ruler and tablets is sparse, and the eyes can see thousands of things.'" That's it. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, paper replaced bamboo slips, and the name of ruler slips has continued to be used (in addition, there are also titles such as rulers, scripts, scripts, scripts, handwritten notes, scripts, and eight lines).

Manuscripts are a practical style of writing that has been passed down for more than two thousand years. The literati of the past dynasties used their unique life experience, personality cultivation, artistic accomplishment and creative spirit as handwritten notes. This literary volume has accumulated profound and profound connotations of traditional Chinese culture. Generally speaking, the writing form and structure of handwritten manuscripts (ruler tablets) have been developed to perfection by the Tang Dynasty. There are clear and strict regulations on titles, greetings, congratulations, narratives, and occasion language...etc. The Song Dynasty followed the Tang Dynasty. In addition to the content being more life-like and the wording more colloquial, the structure of his letters, both traditional and simplified, is mature and complete. It can be basically summarized into nine parts: etiquette, title, title, introduction, ability, blessing, End, date and signature.

1. Proper etiquette: The author expresses respect for the recipient, such as "fear", "pause", "obey again", "duansu", "jishou", "henan" "……wait. For example, the first sentence "Song of such and such, then bow to Qi" is a kind of ritual.

2. Title: Indicates the relationship between the author and the recipient. Such as "old uncle", "respected relatives", "respected father-in-law", "respected brother", "brother", "virtuous brother", "hometown friend", "old friend"...etc.

3. Title: Words that express respect for the trustee, such as "Your Excellency", "in front of the seat", "pedestal", "honor", "envoy", "under one step", "left and right" "," on the knees"...etc. Such as "Brother Zhong Gong Shilang", followed by "pedestal".

4. Introduction: The opening remarks before the subject, mostly words such as spaciousness, admiration, daily life, greetings, compliments, seasonal or divine help... For example, "I worship and serve in violation of my words. It has been months and months. I have admired and forgotten everything. I look at the wilderness and the remote place. It is not three steps away from the capital. It is as short as thousands of miles. Even though I heard the call, I can't build a celebration in time. Only I'm ashamed of my ears." That is to say, I first expressed my admiration for Jiankuo, and then congratulated the recipient of his promotion.

5. Content: The main content of the letter varies from person to person and is all-inclusive.

6. Congratulations: Words that express concern and blessings for the recipient, such as "Take good care of yourself", "Take care of it", "I hope you will take care of it", "Take care of yourself", "Maojie Xinqi", "Mao Yingjingfu"...etc.

7. End: Words to end the letter, such as "I would like to thank you for your reply but I am not prepared", "I am not prepared", "I would like to say this without announcing it", "I have not announced it in a hurry", "I have not announced it", "It is not a crime to be rash", "You are sincere to present", "I am above the state but not inferior", "I am sincere to the state", "I am not inferior"... etc.

8. Date: The date of the letter is usually only the month and day, so it needs to be inspected to know the age.

9. Signature: Signature or signature at the end of the letter, often with additional salutes after the name, such as "A certain person bows his head again after a pause", "A certain person bows his head after a pause", "A certain person pauses his head", "A certain person bows his head again in fear" , "a certain person prays again", "a certain person replies", "a certain person bows", "a certain person starts", "a certain hand starts", "a certain hand looks like"...etc.

The Song Dynasty handwritten notes basically continued the Tang Dynasty’s formal requirements for flat palaces.

In order to express politeness and respect to the person receiving the letter, the ancients often used flat words (heading up) or missing words when it came to the other person and things. In ancient times, it was called "pingque". This naturally formed form of pingque actually became a system in the Tang Dynasty, which was probably related to maintaining the order of feudal society. "Liu Dian of the Tang Dynasty" stipulates the level of writing on rulers and tablets: all references to Haotian, Houtu, the emperor, the prince, etc. in the writing must be level. When meeting the ancestral temple, Sheji, Tianen, Queting, etc., the word should be Que. Private letters are completely influenced by official letters. Zheng Yuqing's "New Book of the Tang Dynasty" also stipulates the level of private letters inside and outside the family and between friends. Among them, nineteen titles such as Gaozu, Ciyan, Siju, Sangzi, etc. are standard. Bingque; forty-seven titles such as tomb, family monarch, court training, comfort, and kindness are standard and are missing two characters. The system of rulers and tablets was institutionalized.

Recommended books:

Sima Guang's "Shu Yi", ten volumes, only the first volume records the standard format of memorials, official documents, private letters and family letters, as well as the corresponding Note that the remaining nine volumes all describe crowning, wedding, and funeral ceremonies. Although there is only one volume related to letter etiquette, it still provides a lot of valuable information on the official seals of the Song Dynasty, such as the rules of "re-sealing", and the different distinctions between the form of memorial, the memorial style, the declaration style and the memorial style. , and the seal of the family letter is written "Ping An Family Letter", because "when ordinary people get family letters, they are equally happy and fearful, so the word "Ping An" cannot be left out, so that when they see it, they will be happy"...etc.

Ren Guang's "Book Narrative Guide" collects idioms from classics and biographies for the purpose of writing. Therefore, the structure of the book is not based on the types of letters, but on various aspects of life, work, and interpersonal relationships. Classification of Situations and Things, the whole book consists of twenty volumes, each volume contains ten categories, and a total of 200 categories of various vocabulary used in different situations are collected.

Each category is titled with four characters, such as the order of the emperor, palaces and pavilions... the chapters are sparsely matched; the second volume is official positions and famous things, salary and rent to...; the third volume is parents' flattery, marriage matchmaking...; Volume 4 covers physical appearance, moral integrity and rituals...; Volume 5 includes temples, schools, Confucian subjects...and even Volume 20 includes disease safety, sacrificial objects, etc. Under each question are listed the applicable situations in the rulers. It contains a concise explanation of each word and its source. It can be regarded as a complete collection of ruler-slip rhetoric.

Liu Yingli's "Collection of Calligraphy and Calligraphy" is a relatively comprehensive collection of calligraphy, covering a wide range of contents~