Ancient archways and modern houses are mixed together, and there is a stone road in the middle. The ancestral Liu Jia shrine has disappeared and turned into a clearing, leaving only a stone pillar, looking at it alone. This is Guhe Village, sanxiang town, Zhongshan City, the former residence of Liu Xue.
He was born here on 1855. At the age of 24, he was promoted and admitted to the Jinshi in 13. In the remaining photos, he was unsmiling.
"After my father won the Jinshi, he took a surname in the sea and made a fortune." Liu Qiyan said that "Wei surname" is a gambling game, which originated in Guangdong in the Qing Dynasty. Before the imperial examination, the surname of each candidate was printed on the lottery ticket and sold at a fixed price. The buyer filled in the surname of the selected candidate. I got the news of opening a "prestige factory" in Guangzhou, made a fortune, and jumped from an unemployed scholar to a famous gentleman. Feng Ziyou, a veteran of the Kuomintang, described his influence at that time in his book: "His money power affects the success or failure of scholars and the advance and retreat of officials, and the examiners are all impressed." .
Besides Wei, Xun also has an industrial "Liuyuan" in Guangzhou, a trust bank, a waterworks and a Cangzhou hotel in Shanghai.
Liu Xue's inquiry also experienced the risk of "building a big tree to attract the wind". 1June, 895, Governor Tan of Guangdong and Fuma of Guangdong banned gambling. At that time, someone played Liu Xue's "Inquiries about" Taking the manufacturer's surname, the traffic officer, and making people according to the situation ". Liu Xue was investigated, but he soon regained his reputation.
On "Revolutionary" Liu Xue
Xun's memoir "A Historical Interview with the Prime Minister" records his first meeting with Sun Yat-sen in Macau: "The Prime Minister (referring to Sun Yat-sen) met Liu and talked for several nights, and they were very peaceful with each other." This is far from an ordinary hometown meeting, and the cooperation between the two began.
"My father supported Sun Yat-sen financially. He sponsored more than 30 wire transfers, ranging from 5000 to 50000. He keeps a stub of every sum. " Liu Qiyan said that Liu Xue's acquaintance with Sun Yat-sen should be related to going to Macau for medical treatment. At that time, Sun was practicing medicine in Macau.
1893, Sun Yat-sen opened Yiguang in Guangzhou. According to Liu Qiyan's memory, Xun once took Sun to meet Li (the younger brother of Li Hongzhang), the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and jointly published a newspaper with celebrities in Guangzhou, greatly praising Sun.
1895, Sun Yat-sen founded the Peasant Association in Guangzhou, and Liu Xue and his teachers and students soon joined. The peasant association is a revolutionary planning organization called begging farmers and mulberry.
Liu Sun gradually formed a pair of secret political partners. Liu advised to pay, and Sun organized the action. Liu Qiyan remembers that he saw a photo among his father's relics: "It's a bust photo signed by Sun Yat-sen as a gift for his father, with the inscription' Please ask for the kindness of Brother Chu' and the signature' Sun Wen' below." "Ask the grass" is Liu Xuexue's word.
With the consent of the Qing court, Liu Xue also tried to appeal to Sun Yat-sen in exile. 1899, before Liu was ordered to go to Japan, he recommended Sun in a secret discount. "Sponsoring the Prime Minister is very useful, and it is not appropriate to let him live overseas." During his visit to Japan, Liu Sun talked in secret for many times, and compiled the conversation into "Questions and Answers" and reported it to Cixi. After reading it, Cixi said: "Today's United Japan has been completed, and the New Deal has yet to be solved. It is necessary for Sun Wen to return to China. " Since then, Sun has been recommended.
According to Liu Xue's memory, Sun Yat-sen had a secret conversation with him before the Guangzhou Uprising 1895. Liu believes that the time has passed and does not advocate assassination. However, he still suggested that Sun Yat-sen take the surname tax just collected by the government as military expenditure. Later, the uprising failed. Tan said in his letter to the emperor that there was a Xiangshan man who had a plan to rob the "Wei surname" tax, but he did not find out who it was.
Kang Liu has a bad relationship.
1896, Kang Youwei was admitted to the Jinshi, sued other ministers for drafting a chapter, and was implicated in Liu Xue's inquiry, so something went wrong. The feud between Kang and Liu is the most dramatic scene in his life.
1899, Liu Xue inquired that the Japanese envoy actually extradited Kang Liang in the name of business investigation. In Liu Xue's Japanese secret talk with Sun Yat-sen, he intentionally assassinated Liang Qichao through Zhong Sun, and funded Zhao Fusun and others. In A.D. 165438+ 10, Li Hongzhang was ordered to suppress Kangliang. He made it clear that the problem of "trying to seize the rebellion" was handed over to Liu Xue for "proper handling". At the end of the year, Liu Xue became Li Hongzhang's staff. 1900 March, Li Hongzhang was ordered to level the ancestral graves of Kangliang, and the supervisor was Liu Xue.
At that time, Kang Liang also launched a plan to assassinate and kidnap Xun. 1900, Kang Liang planned to launch the Wang Qin Uprising in China, and his birthplace was selected in Guangdong and Guangxi. The Liu Xue investigation is undoubtedly a dangerous obstacle.
Liang Qichao conceived two plans for Liu Xue's investigation. One is to send an assassin dressed as a reporter to assassinate. One is kidnapping Xun, asking for a deposit of 654.38+10,000 yuan to win Xun over. Finally, the assassination plan was adopted. "(1April 24, 900) My father was shot when he returned to Guangzhou from Macau. The shot hit the button and his skin was injured. " Liu Qiyan said.
After Liu Xue asked Kang Liu to retire and return to Hangzhou, his relationship with Hangzhou has been bad. The Liu Zhuang Garden he built by the West Lake was once confiscated for some reason. During the confiscation of Liu Zhuang, Kang Youwei spent the summer there and held a big banquet to entertain guests. Kang bought a large piece of land at Dingjiashan and the foot of the mountain in the north of Liu Zhuang, and built a villa, which was called "the most suitable place to live" by Hangzhou people. Now, Liu Zhuang and Kangzhuang are absorbed by the West Lake State Guesthouse and merged into a garden.
Attempt to "make Guangdong and Guangxi independent"
The idea of "independence of Guangdong and Guangxi" was first put forward by Dr. He Qi, Sun Yat-sen's teacher in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine. However, the activist in the concrete operation is Xun, although there is no exact historical data to prove his direct motivation.
1900 On May 24th, Li Hongzhang was actually appointed Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. On June 2 1, the Qing court issued an imperial edict calling for the Boxer Rebellion to declare war on Eight-Nation Alliance. He Qi suggested that Governor Bu Li should be used to persuade Li Hongzhang to become independent, and Sun Yat-sen agreed to this idea. Therefore, he drafted a press release, which was signed by all members of Zhong Xing Hui Association. Buli turned to Li Hongzhang to declare independence, and Buli wrote a letter to Li. Liu Xue became a trader of "the independence of Guangdong and Guangxi" after learning about it. While persuading Li Hongzhang to participate in the "independence of Guangdong and Guangxi", he wrote to Sun Yat-sen and invited him to come to Guangdong to discuss. Li also conveyed to Sun the plan of wishing * * * businessmen and sent a special envoy to Sun's office. Later, Sun sent someone to Guangzhou to talk to Liu. Since then, Li wrote back to ensure the safety of Sun's life, and also asked Cixi to grant Amnesty. It is worth noting that after the talks, Liu Xue asked Li Hongzhang for instructions and handed it to Sun Yat-sen for 30,000 yuan.
However, Li still hesitated to wait and see. Feng Ziyou wrote: "The Prime Minister got a report from Hong Kong comrades and knew that Governor Li (referring to Li Hongzhang) had not made up his mind." On July 8, the Qing court appointed Li Hongzhang as governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, urging him to go north. After weighing, Li Hongzhang agreed to be the plenipotentiary minister for peace.
Bu Li heard the news and decided to hold talks with Li Hongzhang in Hong Kong. /kloc-in July of 0/8, Li Hongzhang arrived in Hong Kong. If Lee decides to go north, Buli conspires to detain Lee. Liu Xue is also in a hurry. Before arriving in Hong Kong, he told Buli that Li Hongzhang intended to stay, but he dared not resist.
However, a telegram from England upset Bligh's chess game. 17, Bligh received a telegram from London from British colonial minister Chamberlain, asking not to detain Li Hongzhang. During the talks, Li Hongzhang changed his attitude towards Sun Yat-sen and advised Bree to ban subversive elements from taking Hong Kong as their base. Later, Li Anran returned to his ship, and the plan of "independence of Guangdong and Guangxi" fell through.
Emperor dream
1896, Sun Yat-sen described Liu Xue's imperial thought in "Talk": "He wants to do his own thing for himself, and he wants the world to do his own thing". Sun also said that Jean Zeng talked about his dragon dream: "I wore a dragon robe and my brother kowtowed to congratulate me." "Revolutionary History" also said, "However, Liu Su held the emperor's thoughts and never understood the civil rights theory in Europe and America. Therefore, the Prime Minister and the agreement have been repeated many times. Liu Jun considers himself Zhu Yuanzhang and Hong Xiuquan, and the prime ministers are Xu Da and Yang. "
1895 Before the Guangzhou Uprising, Sun Yat-sen asked for advice and wanted him to be the leader of the Uprising, but Liu refused.
While 1900 was planning the independence of Guangdong and Guangxi, Sun Yat-sen was also planning an armed revolution, and planned to launch an uprising in Huizhou to attract Qing soldiers from other places and take Guangzhou as the base.
After the attempted independence of Guangdong and Guangxi, the Sanzhoutian Uprising in Huizhou led by Zheng Shiliang broke out. At the beginning of the uprising, they succeeded again and again, captured hundreds of Qing troops and assembled 20 thousand troops in a short time. Sun Yat-sen arrived in Taiwan Province Province to raise military resources and manpower to support Huizhou.
A month ago, Sun Yat-sen wrote a letter entrusting Japanese Hirayama to stay in Shanghai. However, Hirayama Zhou did not send a letter, but returned to Japan to try to persuade the Japanese authorities to help Huizhou uprising, but failed. In this way, Sun Liu's most critical contact delayed the opportunity.
The direct motive of this letter is to ask Liu Xue to provide huge economic assistance badly needed by Huizhou Uprising. The letter wrote: "Therefore, it is necessary to take care of Comrade Yang and Comrade Li, that is, to raise millions on behalf of him to take care of his brother, so as to try our best to save the overall situation and rebuild China." In this letter, Sun Yat-sen not only showed the specific uprising plan, but also made a promise to ask Liu Xue to be president or emperor after the uprising was successful. "Today, the planning team thinks that Zhou Jun Hirayama came to see the first step, and presided over the internal affairs with the first step, set up an interim government, and used power for politics. In the format of the government, it is enough to have five people first: one is in charge, or the president, or the emperor, and the younger brother is the first step, so the title is decided by the first step. " Liu Xue, who is full of imperial dreams, didn't see this "chicken hair letter" bearing the imperial dreams.
1900 In late October, Huizhou Uprising failed. The ideas in the letter became empty talk.
(of officials) retire from public life.
At the age of 45, Liu Xue Xun lived in seclusion in Hangzhou West Lake with broken political ambitions. Royalist, constitutional monarchy, * * * and, these words are strange and far away to him. He wrote sadly, "I am ashamed of my life. I have been raised since I was 30 years old, and all my thoughts have long been empty."
Building a house by the West Lake was Liu Xue's early dream. He circled hundreds of acres of private land near the West Lake and took the lead as a designer himself. It took him five years to build the landscape pattern of Liu Zhuang.
"Later, when I was in Liu Zhuang, I sold things in Guangzhou Liuyuan, and some things were torn down and shipped to Hangzhou. The buildings in Liu Zhuang have been built and demolished, demolished and built again and again. I lived in Liu Zhuang in the 1930s and 1940s. At that time, my family used boats to get in and out of Liu Zhuang. There are two private berthing docks in Liu Zhuang Community, and the guesthouse has a dedicated dock. At that time, Liu Zhuang was also open to tourists for free. " Liu Qiyan, who drew a clear line with his family, fell into the memory of Liu Zhuang in his later years. Liu Zhuang carries his father's seclusion and his youth. He wrote many articles about Liu Zhuang and lived in Liu Zhuang every other year.
Even when Liu Xue was alive, Liu Zhuang's fate was ups and downs. Because of the debt dispute with Daqing Bank and Bank of Communications at that time, it was sealed up and auctioned by the government, and later it was auctioned. After the Republic of China, Zhejiang military government banned and confiscated Liu Zhuang again on the advice of villagers. Later, through Sun Yat-sen's negotiation, Liu Zhuang returned to Liu Xue for consultation.
From 65438 to 0953, Liu Qiyan's mother gave Liu Zhuang to the government for free. Today, Liu Zhuang has become a heavily guarded West Lake State Guesthouse. After Liu Qiyan joined the army, he lost contact with his mother. Liu's mother spent a miserable night and finally died in poverty.
After Liu Xue's inquiry, two major events happened in Liu Zhuang: the first draft constitution of the new China was born here, and the Sino-US joint communique was initialled here.
Today, the layout of Lao Liu Zhuang is still there, but later a building was built. There is a rockery with the word "Tuye" inscribed by Wu Changshuo, which is the original of Liu Zhuang.
"Actually, after the Revolution of 1911, my father also helped Sun Yat-sen. He wrote to Sun Yat-sen and made suggestions on borrowing money to run a bank. Now the Zhongshan Memorial Hall in Zhongshan City still retains this letter. " Liu Qiyan said.
According to Liu Xue's inquiry, he had many conversations with Sun Yat-sen after the Revolution of 1911. After Sun became the interim president, he called Liu and asked for many opinions. In a conversation with 1920, Liu suggested to Sun Yat-sen that "training 30,000 troops in Huangpu and other places can be regarded as the progress of the basic army". He also talked about * * * and: "In the past nine years, the imperial system has been restored one after another, and the spirit of * * * has not survived. Today, in the name of an extraordinary government, this is a real opportunity to save it. "
However, Liu Xue's political participation in the new era is limited to such procedures and scope.
193565438+1On October 3rd, Xun died in Liu Zhuang at the age of 80. A few decades ago, there was a pair of couplets in this stranger's manor. Although they were full of aesthetic feeling, they summed up his complicated state of mind after misty rain: "Sir, who are you?" It's half a day in Zhu Xia, and there are cranes in the clouds; And you answer: "I am dissatisfied", the style is all over the sky, and first frost is autumn. "