On the same day, important officials of China Kuomintang held a meeting in Beijing with grief to discuss the funeral and decided to use the national etiquette system for the funeral to show equality. According to Sun Yat-sen's wishes, the burial place was chosen in Nanjing Purple Mountain. On the same day, Sun Yat-sen's body was escorted to Union Medical College Hospital for antiseptic surgery. On March 15, he was buried in the Union Medical College Hospital, put in a coffin, covered with a glass cover, and sent back to the Iron Lion Hutong Palace to pay his respects. On March 19, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin, escorted by Soong Ching Ling, Wang Ching-wei, Yu Youren, Li Dazhao, Chen and others, was moved to the social altar hall in Central Park (later renamed Zhongshan Park) for people from all walks of life to pay their respects. In just 20 days, 746,800 Chinese and foreign people went to condolence and sacrifice, with more than 10,000 unsigned/kloc-0, more than 60,000 elegiac couplets, more than 7,000 wreaths and more than 500 handfuls. Sun Yat-sen's wife Soong Ching Ling's elegy is:
Transform Hongmo passively, take Xu's example, make contributions to the people and the country, and achieve outstanding future career; He has made outstanding achievements in his life, and has written a lot of books, which have been passed down to future generations.
On April 2, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin was moved to Biyun Temple in Xiangshan, and temporarily placed in the stone niche of the 1 1 class King Kong throne tower in the temple. Countless people from all walks of life came to see him off, and three planes escorted him in the air, so Beijing appeared an empty scene. On the morning of April 5, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's body was replaced with a new nanmu coffin. On April 1 1, Soong Ching Ling, Sun Ke and others visited the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing Purple Mountain.
The location of Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum in Nanjing was chosen by Sun Yat-sen before his death. 19 12 At the beginning of the year, the day after Sun Yat-sen was forced to resign as interim president, he and Hu went hunting in the eastern suburbs. When resting on the hillside (where Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is now located), he looked around and pointed to Fangshan and Qinhuai River in the distance and said to everyone, "The terrain here is better than the Ming Mausoleum, and the mountains and rivers are in contrast. I really don't understand why Ming Taizu is not buried here? " He added, "I hope to be buried here after I die." 1925 Dr. Sun Yat-sen did not forget this burial place before his death. He said, "After I die, I can be buried at the foot of Nanjing Purple Mountain. Because Nanjing is the place where the interim government was established, we cannot forget the Revolution of 1911. " According to Mr. Wang's last wish, the Executive Committee of the Revolutionary Party Central Committee decided to build a mausoleum in Nanjing Zijinshan. To this end, Chen Qubing also wrote a "Purple Mountain Examination", which was published in the major newspapers at that time.
1925 In April, twelve people, including Zhang Jingjiang, Lin Sen, Wang Jingwei, Yu Youren and Chen Qubing, formed the funeral preparation office for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, with Yang Xingfo as the director and Sun Ke as the representative of his family, and formally handled the burial of Mr. Sun's body. On September 20th, the design review meeting of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was held on the third floor of Shanghai Continental Company. Finally, among more than 40 designs of Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum collected in the newspaper, the graphic design of "Mu Duo" designed by Lv Yanzhi means "Mu Duo warns the world", which meets the requirements of "practicality, firmness and beauty" and won unanimous praise from the funeral preparation office of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and hired him as the mausoleum designer.
The project broke ground on June 25th, 1926. On March 25th, 12, the groundbreaking ceremony of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was held in Nanjing Zijinshan. Thousands of people from all walks of life including Soong Ching Ling, Sun Ke, Deng Zeru and Yang Xingfo attended the ceremony. Deng Zeru laid the foundation stone on behalf of the National Government, and Yang Xingfo reported the funeral. During the construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the designer died unfortunately and was succeeded by architect Fan. Shanghai Yaoxinji Construction Factory, Shanghai Xinjinji Construction Factory and Shanghai Taofuji Construction Factory successively participated in the construction of the cemetery. The project is divided into three phases, lasting seven years and completed in 1932 and 1 year.
1929 After the completion of the first phase of the project in March, Lin Sen, Wu Tiecheng and Zheng Hongnian were sent by the National Government to the north to welcome the coffin. On May 22nd, a ceremony was held at Biyun Temple in Beijing to replace Sun Yat-sen's body with a bronze coffin. Clothes and shoes were placed in the original coffin as a cenotaph, and the stone tablet in front of the cenotaph was engraved with "Dr. Sun Yat-sen's cenotaph" as a souvenir. On 26th, after the public sacrifice ceremony of moving the spirit was held in Beijing, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin was transported southward along the Jin-Pu Railway by special train. The special train lasted 18 days, traveled thousands of miles, passed through 33 stops, and publicized more than one million people, which had a huge impact. Arriving in Pukou on May 28th, Chiang Kai-shek and Song Meiling greeted the coffin in Bengbu in advance and arrived with the vehicle. Yu Youren and other important officials of the national government greeted the coffin in Pukou, and then escorted it to the warship No.1 with Sun Yat-sen's relatives Soong Ching Ling and others, and landed at Nanjing Zhongshan Wharf. After the coffin arrived in Nanjing, it was enshrined in the auditorium of the Central Party Department for three days. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's body was originally intended to be preserved for a long time, but later it was decided to be buried because of air erosion. On the afternoon of May 3 1, a coffin closing ceremony was held. Soong Ching Ling, Sun Ke, Chiang Kai-shek, Kong Xiangxi and others attended the ceremony.
1June 10, a grand ceremony hosted by the "Feng 'an Committee" composed of 28 people including Chiang Kai-shek, Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Xueliang, Yang Shuzhuang, Sun Ke and Kong Xiangxi was held in Nanjing. At noon that day 12, Sun Yat-sen's coffin was buried in a 5-meter-deep grave with the salute of Lion Mountain Fort 10 1, and Soong Ching Ling, Sun Ke, Dionsai and others personally "watched and guarded" the tomb door. (See Shanghai Republic Daily1June 3, 929) At this time, the people of the whole country stopped working and observed three minutes of silence.
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum faces south, with Ming Mausoleum in the west and Linggu Temple in the east, with a total area of more than 30,000 hectares. The cemetery is built on the mountain, and the main buildings such as bronze tripod, Aibo Square, mausoleum gate, tablet pavilion, memorial hall and tomb stand on the same central axis from north to south.
In front of Aibo Square is a square that can accommodate tens of thousands of people. The road connecting Linggu Temple, Ming Tombs and Zhongshan Gate passes through the square. There are six flower stands in the square, and ten thousand Jin bronze tripod is placed at the southern end of the square. Aibo Square is a towering stone arch with four doors. On the lintel of the middle gate of the archway, there is a stone tablet with the word "Aibo" inscribed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, so it is called Aibo Square.
Guo Boai Square is a pyramid-shaped mound with a length of more than 480 meters and a width of about 40 meters, which extends along the mountain to Lingmen. There are three tombs, the middle one is about 13 meters wide, and the tombs on both sides are about 5 meters wide. Precious trees such as cedar, cypress, juniper and ginkgo are planted on both sides of the tomb.
Walking into the mausoleum gate is the mausoleum area of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Lingmen is rectangular in plane, 27 meters wide, 8.8 meters deep and 16.6 meters high. It is all made of granite in Fujian and sits on a huge cement platform. The mausoleum has three arched doors, big in the middle and small on both sides. Each door has two opposite carved bronze doors. On the forehead above the middle gate, Sun Yat-sen's handwriting is engraved with the words "The world is for the public", which is dignified and simple, vigorous and powerful.
Not far behind the gate of the mausoleum is the tablet pavilion on the second platform, which is square in plane, with a side length of12m and a height of19m, all made of granite. Double eaves rest on the top of the mountain, covered with blue tiles. There is a granite monument 9 meters high and 5 meters wide in the pavilion. Three lines of gold-plated inscription on the front: The Chinese Revolutionary Party buried Premier Sun Yat-sen in the Republic of China 1 June/81day. The inscription in regular script is vigorous, rigid and flexible, and the structure is rigorous, which comes from Tan's hand.
There are so many stone steps in Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum that everyone who has been there will leave unforgettable memories. From the cemetery square to the memorial hall, there are 2392 steps, divided into 10. There is a platform between each stone step as a buffer. These stone steps are all made of Suzhou granite.
In front of the altar is a large platform, with a width of162m from east to west, a depth of 38m from north to south, and an altitude of158m. It is the highest place in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. There are granite walls on the north, left and right sides of the platform, which enclose the tomb. Fine cypress trees from Gu Zhuo are planted inside the wall, four cedar trees and two huabiao trees are planted on both sides of the platform, and a bluestone tripod is placed on the left and right stone seats. Standing in front of the big platform and looking south, the scenery in front of the mausoleum is vivid and beautiful, and the rolling mountains and the jade belt-like Qinhuai River are dreamlike, which makes people feel relaxed and happy!
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Memorial Hall is a palace-style building with antique wooden structure, which is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meters high. The outer wall of the memorial hall is made of Hong Kong stone, with a double eaves and a blue glazed tile at the top. There are three arches in the front of the memorial hall, and there is a bronze door engraved with spaces. Above the lintel are engraved "nationality", "civil rights" and "people's livelihood". There is a vertical forehead above the middle door, which is Dr. Sun Yat-sen's calligraphy of "Heaven and Earth are righteous". It is resplendent and awe-inspiring.
In the center of the memorial hall is a 5-meter-high seated statue of Sun Yat-sen, dressed in a robe and jacket, holding a scroll and gazing into the distance with deep eyes. It was carved with Italian white jade by Polish sculptor Paul Toschi in Paris. There are also six reliefs engraved on the pedestal: the front is "like holding a Hong Haier"; There are two things, one is "going abroad for propaganda" and the other is "discussing the revolution"; Two western paintings, one is "Inspiring" and the other is "Please protect the country by Yuan"; Behind it is the "imprint of Congress".
At the top of the altar is a dome inlaid with colorful mosaics. This is party emblem of the Revolutionary Party. 12 a huge stone pillar with a diameter of 0.85 meters, four hidden pillars and eight visible pillars support the roof of the altar. Black marble is embedded in the lower part of the four walls of the memorial hall, and the Outline of the Establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen is engraved on the east and west walls, which has been well preserved so far. The back wall was originally engraved with the Prime Minister's motto written by Chiang Kai-shek and Hu, the Prime Minister's will and Tan's handwritten Premier's warning speech to party member. During the Cultural Revolution, these stone carvings were worn away. In the four corners of the memorial hall, there are also four square-ear rooms for collecting souvenirs for the memorial hall and the staff of the memorial hall to rest. Soong Ching Ling, Chiang Kai-shek, Yu Youren, Hu, Dong and others have all been buried here.
There is a small door on the front of the altar, which is divided into two ways, inside and outside, leading to the tomb. The words "the heroic spirit lives forever" are engraved on the outer door, and the seven characters of "Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Tomb" are engraved on the inner door. Inside is a pot-shaped tomb with a diameter of 18m and a height of11m. The interior wall is paved with beige artificial marble, and the top is spliced into the Kuomintang party emblem with colored mosaics, and the ground is paved with white marble. In the middle of the tomb is a circular marble pool with a diameter of 4.3 meters, surrounded by a marble paddock with a height of 1 meter. The pond depth is 1. 6 meters, paved with granite, with a white marble Zhongshan suit lying in the center, created by the famous sculptor Gao Qi of Czechoslovakia.
The greening project of Purple Mountain began after Dr. Sun Yat-sen's abundant safety. Before 1949, the forest greening in Yuanling had begun to take shape. After decades of efforts, a total of 0/50,000 trees were planted in Yuanling, making Zijinshan a real forest park.
Since the completion of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the repair work has basically not been interrupted. 1966, to commemorate the birthday of Dr. Sun Yat-sen 100 anniversary, the state allocated1000000 yuan to repair the memorial archway, tomb gate, tablet pavilion, memorial hall and tomb. 1978 Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum has been listed as a key unit for the restoration of national gardens and places of interest. The glazed tiles were replaced, the drainage system of the tomb was repaired, the pattern of Kuomintang party emblem at the top of the tomb was restored, and the handwriting of Dr. Sun Yat-sen on the east and west walls of the memorial hall was gilded again. The entire Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum covers an area of 45,000 mu. According to the statistics of the cultural relics department, there are more than 200 cultural relics here. Since 1985, the state has allocated funds for the maintenance of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum for many times, and many sites have been restored to their original historical appearance.